| 1. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Ambio fit for the 2020s
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51:5, s. 1091-1093
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Akpalu, Wisdom, et al.
(författare)
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Connectivity at a cost : Economic dynamics of restoring habitat connectivity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Natural Resource Modeling. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0890-8575 .- 1939-7445. ; 34:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both in the United States and in Europe there is ongoing work on reversing habitat fragmentation and the attendant loss in biodiversity in river systems caused by hydropower and other developments. Fish ladders and other measures are being introduced to restore the connectivity in river systems. In this paper, we set up a theoretical model to investigate what the conditions are for such an investment to be socially profitable. We find that, even in cases where it would have been socially preferable not to build hydropower installations in the first place, connectivity-restoring measures affecting the installations are not necessarily socially beneficial. This is the case for a wide range of plausible assumptions about discount rates, investment costs and productivity losses.
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| 3. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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The Persistence of Subjective Poverty in Urban Ethiopia
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using panel data spanning 15 years, this paper investigates the persistence and correlates of subjective and consumption poverty in urban Ethiopia. Despite the decline in consumption poverty in recent years, which has been linked to rapid economic growth, subjective poverty has remained largely unchanged. Dynamic probit regression results show that households with a history of past poverty continue to perceive themselves as poor even if their material consumption improves. Our results also suggest that the relative economic position of households is a strong determinant of subjective poverty, and having at least some type of employment reduces the likelihood that households will perceive themselves as poor, even if they remain in objective poverty. Receiving remittances from abroad, on the other hand, does not reduce perceived poverty, even if it raises material consumption. We argue that any analysis to measure the impact of growth on welfare should encompass subjective measures as well.
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| 4. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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The persistence of subjective poverty in urban Ethiopia
- 2014
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Ingår i: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 56:1, s. 51-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data spanning 15 years, we study subjective and consumption poverty in urban Ethiopia. Despite rapid economic growth and declining consumption poverty, subjective poverty remains largely unchanged. We find that households with a history of poverty continue to perceive themselves as poor even if their material consumption improves. The relative economic position of households is a strong determinant of subjective poverty. Having some type of employment makes households less likely to perceive themselves as poor, even if they remain in objective poverty. We argue that any analysis to measure the impact of growth on welfare should also encompass subjective measures.
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Technology-neutral green procurement in practice : An example from Swedish waste management
- 2012
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 30:5, s. 519-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green public procurement has been criticized for its excessive reliance on detailed technology specifications, which can distort incentives in the short term and discourage innovation in the longer term. Economists therefore tend to prefer technology-neutral procurement, which rewards outcomes rather than technologies. However, technology-neutral procurement can also be problematic in practice. The present study investigated green public procurement of waste management, a rapidly growing field. In one of the most sophisticated models for technology-neutral procurement applied in Sweden in recent years, different environmental impacts were assigned weights, but no weight was given to the particular technology employed. Even here, however, potential inefficiencies were found where the scoring rule could have led to arbitrary, and presumably unwanted, outcomes. Explicitly assigning monetary surcharges to desirable and undesirable environmental effects may be a better way to reach environmental targets.
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| 6. |
- Backlund, Kenneth, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of migration on tax policy in the EU countries : an empirical analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: China-USA Business Review. - : David Publishing Company. - 1537-1514 .- 1555-7901. ; 10:7, s. 508-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we study whether migration affects taxes on labor and capital income. The analysis is based on panel data for 14 European countries. The results indicate that migration does affect subsequent tax rates, and taxes on labor income increase with increased migration, especially in countries with large public sectors. However, this effect is reduced for countries with large foreign trade and/or large shares of elderly in the population.
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| 7. |
- Bezabih, Mintewab, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change and total factor productivity in the Tanzanian economy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 11:6, s. 1289-1302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper analyses the economic impacts of climate change-induced adjustments on the performance of the Tanzanian economy, using a country-wide computable general equilibrium model. The effect of overall climate change on agricultural productivity (modeled as reduced land productivity) is projected to be relatively limited until approximately 2030 and become worse thereafter. Our simulation results indicate that despite the projected reduction in agricultural productivity, the negative impacts can potentially be quite limited. This is because the time scales involved and the low starting point of the economy leave ample space for factor substitutability and increased overall productivity. This indicates that policies that give farmers opportunity to invest in autonomous climate adaptation, as well as policies that improve the overall performance of the economy, can be as important for reducing the impacts of climate change in the economy as direct government policies for climate adaptation.
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| 8. |
- Bezabih, Mintewab, et al.
(författare)
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How much is too much? : Individual biodiversity conservation vis-a-vis socially optimal levels
- 2012
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Ingår i: 2nd International Conference on Environment and Natural Resources Management in Developing and Transition Economies. ; , s. 16-16
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The individual farmer in a developing country has little incentive to care about the public good properties of on-farm biodiversity in the form of different crop varieties. There is a common assumption that because of this, farmers will tend to maintain too little biodiversity on their farms. However, this does not fit well with the empirical data; because of poorly functioning insurance markets, farms tend to maintain a wide range of different crop varieties in practice in order to hedge against weather shocks and other uncertainty. In this paper we develop a theoretical model to account for this, and show that farmers may in fact even maintain too much biodiversity on the individual farm, compared to the social optimum. This will be illustrated with empirical estimations from Ethiopian agriculture.
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| 9. |
- Bostedt, Göran, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Naturresurs- och skogsekonomi
- 2013. - 1
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 0345-2646. ; 42:5, s. 78-80
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Dalin, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of capital income taxation on wage formation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Economics Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 113:2, s. 186-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the effects of capital income taxation on wage formation are studied using OECD data. The results indicate that a rise in the tax rate on capital income will reduce real wages and increase employment.
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