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Sökning: hsv:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP) > Örebro universitet > Doktorsavhandling

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1.
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2.
  • Strid, Sofia, 1976- (författare)
  • Gendered interests in the European union : the European women's lobby and the organisation and representation of women's interests
  • 2009
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Gendered Interests and the European Union. The European Women’s Lobby and the Organisation and Representation of Women's Interests. On a general level this thesis concerns the changed and changing institutional conditions for gender equality in Europe and the organisation and institutionalisation of women’s social and political interests at the EU level. I ask in what ways political structures and authorities enable and/or obstruct women to generate, sustain and control their presence in politics as women. I explore how the EU institutions structure and provide opportunities and constraints for women to mobilise and organise to act as an authorised party vis-a-vis and within the EU political system. How does it come that women, as a collective, are not only recognised as a politically relevant group but also legitimised to act and be present as women in an organised relationship with the EU system’s main authorities? The presence comes in the form of the European Women’s Lobby (EWL), an EU level and EU wide non-governmental umbrella organisation which represents some 4000 women’s organisations on multiple levels of the EU. The EWL is not the first example of women organising on the EU level, but it is the first of its kind. The EWL was initiated by women from within the European Commission and is funded mainly via a grant from the Commission. The EWL’s objectives include the endorsement of equality between women and men and to ensure that measures to promote gender equality and women’s rights are taken into account and mainstreamed in all EU policy. Using material gathered through interviews, observations and official documentation I study the structure of the European Women’s Lobby; the participation of the EWL in EU politics; the relation between the EWL and the EU institutions; the relation between the EWL’s member organisations; and the forms the representation of women’s organised social and political interests at EU level can take. I argue that in the specific political system of the EU, organised interests in civil society and the EWL perform the functions of input, and participate in output and feedback. Organised interests function as intermediaries between the national and European levels. Organised interests strive to gain influence; the Commission, as a political authority, strives to gain legitimacy of its policy-making through the input and output of representative organised interests. As a consequence of what I argue is a corporatist policymaking style of the Commission the EWL has become increasingly institutionalised. The trade off is that while the EWL has enjoyed the Commission’s support and funding to constitute an established EU level platform from which women can formulate, mobilise and pursue their interests, the EWL has must organise and take control over the interests aggregated from its member organisations and over the form of the member organisations. The very structure of the EWL can be seen as part of the price the EWL has to pay to be granted somewhat of a representative monopoly in terms of opportunities to influence EU policy-making through the various channels of consultation. In this context, I argue that the representativeness of organised interests is key. There is no electoral basis legitimising the policy-making of the Commission, instead, this basis is constituted by organised interests. Paradoxically, this holds the potential for increasing the legitimacy of the Commission, something which increasing transparency has failed to do. It is no exaggeration to claim that the EWL offers a remarkable EU level platform for women to act and pursue their interests as women. By studying the actual impact of EU level policy-making and politics on various ways, this thesis argues that the very existence of the EWL can be understood as being in the interest of women.
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3.
  • Johansson Wilén, Evelina, 1985- (författare)
  • Mellan jaget och världen : Feminism och etik under nyliberala villkor
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The overall purpose of this study is to investigate how the tension between feminism as an ethical and political project is brought into light under neoliberal conditions. More specifically, the aim is to, through 21 interviews with 12 self-defined left-wing Swedish feminists whose living conditions, political action and self-understanding are conditioned by the economic, political and ideological imprints of neo-liberalism, study potential joints and crimes between feminism and neoliberalism and how these relate to the tensions between ethics and politics that have been present long before the entry of neoliberalism on the scene. The analysis is largely done in close dialogue with the feminist political thinkers Wendy Brown, Nancy Fraser and Chantal Mouffe, all of whom have devoted themselves to the relationship between ethics and politics and the effects of neoliberalism on political movements and political subjectivity. It also engages in academic work on neoliberal subjectivity and ideology and progressive movements.
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4.
  • Andersson, Kjerstin, 1975- (författare)
  • Talking violence, constructing identities : young men in institutional care
  • 2008
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The aim of the study is to investigate how young men constructing identities in talk about their own use of violence. The study is based on a fieldwork at a youth detention home in Sweden. The data consists of individual interviews and video recordings of the treatment programme Aggression Replacement Training (ART). Detailed analyses have been made of conversations between the young men, between the young men and the trainers, and of the narratives generated in the individual interviews. The study has a social constructionist approach to identity, which is seen as constructed in a joint achievement in social interaction. An important analytical perspective in the study is how social categories and subcategories are constructed. The study has a particular focus on gender, primarily masculinity, but age and ethnicity are also being emphasised.The analysis draws on four empirical studies. It is shown how the young men construct a preferred self-presentation when talking about violent events. The narratives on violence are either based on experiences or talked about as a hypothetical use of violence. Violence based on personal experience is problematized and legitimized in terms of self-defence, defending friends, restraint and justified violence. Narratives of violence are shown to be interactional resources available to the young men. When talking about violence, the young men can be seen to regulate social relations, and to position themselves in relation to particular discourses of masculinity. The specific understanding of what it entails to be a man enables the use of violence with respect to social categorizations such as age, ethnicity or criminal identity. It is also argued that the treatment programme ART may, at times, facilitate maintaining a criminal identity.
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5.
  • Jonsson, Inger M., 1953- (författare)
  • Family meal experiences : perspectives on practical knowledge, learning and culture
  • 2004
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis consists of four studies reflecting information and education on food and meals at different levels of society. The educational efforts are directed towards everyday family practices. The overall aim of this thesis, therefore, was to obtain a grasp of the way children and families think of food and meals in a cultural perspective, in order to understand the areas where food information and education appears to take root. Further, the thesis aims to study the potential of tasting lessons as an educational tool in compulsory school. The methods used were qualitative:repeated focus groups with immigrant women from Bosnia-Herzegovina and Somalia, focus groups with pupils and school staaf, and telephone interviews with school heads. Further it were semi-structured life world interviews and groupinterviews with Swedish children and their families. The analytical methods were based on grounded theory, and systematic and reflexive analysis. The results generated a model showing immigrant women struggling for their cultural identity, oscillating between remining Somalian and becoming part of Swedish society in their food and meal choices. The Swedish families described coping with the past and the present, and their children the different food and taste worlds at school and at home. The study of an educational tool for educationused in the fifth class at compulsory school showed both pupils and staff were prepared to be exposed to new tastes and new educational work and co-operation at school. In conclusion, the studies showed the imortance of culture for family identity, aswell as ideas and practices whithin family meal experiences in both immigrant and Swedish families. Further, an educational tool using children's senses might be a valuable practical contribution in food education. Neither food and meal information nor education and learning should, therefore, be separated from their practical and cultural components. Such factors should be taken into account in official guidelines for applied learning.
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6.
  • Magnusson Sporre, Cecilia, 1968- (författare)
  • Måltidsgörarens utmaningar : komplexiteten i det medvetna måltidsgörandet
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I denna avhandling synliggörs måltidsgörarna, en omfångsrik grupp med skilda kompetenser och yrkesprofessioner. Det gemensamma är att alla är delaktiga i måltidsgörandet genom planering, tillagning och service av måltider serverade i olika verksamheter. Avhandlingen är kvalitativ, ett empiriskt-holistiskt perspektiv, med relevans både inom och utom akademin, en så kallad frågedriven tvärvetenskap.Avhandlingens övergripande syfte är att synliggöra måltidsgörandet och den komplexitet som utmärker måltidsgörarens profession och uppgift. Detta besvaras genom fyra artiklar, uppdelat i delstudie 1: FAMM och delstudie 2: Den medvetna måltiden. Metoder som använts i studien är, forskningscirklar, dokumentstudier, intervjuer och kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Avhandlingen belyser tre perspektiv: Ett samhälleligt perspektiv, där människors mat- och måltidsvanor relateras till samhällsutvecklingen. måltidsperspektivet som är kärnan i hela avhandlingen samt kunskapsperspektivetsom har betydelse för den gastronomiska utbildningen.Avhandlingens bidrag är att belysa: hur FAMM har vandrat från den akademiska gastronomikontexten till statliga myndigheter och vidare till måltidsgörarnas olika yrkesprofessioner i de offentliga storköken i kommuner och landsting; måltidsgörarnas komplexa och meningsskapande professioner och utmaningar i arbetet med måltidsgörandet; Den nya medvetna måltidens komplexitet med ett måltidsgörande där alla stadier genomsyras av etisk reflektion (att veta hur), från jord till bord; behovet av universitetsutbildning med gastronomiskt perspektiv samt kompetensutveckling för offentlig sektors måltidsgörare.Den gastronomiska diskursen som framträder i den offentliga måltidssektorn pekar åt samma håll som den så kallade gastronomiska revolutionen inom restaurangnäringen. Resultaten öppnar för intressanta fortsatta studier av det politiska matklimatets betydelse för måltidsgörarna och måltidsgörandet.
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7.
  • Mineur, Therese, 1970- (författare)
  • Skolformens komplexitet : elevers erfarenheter av skolvardag och tillhörighet i gymnasiesärskolan
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Swedish upper secondary education consists of different types of schools. One type of school is the upper secondary for pupils who have assessed as having an intellectual disability. The aim of this study is to increase the knowledge and understanding of pupils’ experiences of everyday life in school, and how they perceive the significance of their sense of belonging to this type of school. An additional aim of the study is to increase the knowledge about different ways of organizing the education and teaching. The collection of data started with a national questionnaire survey which was directed to headteachers at the schools. Based on the results from the survey five schools were selected. By participant observations at the schools and repeated interviews with 14 young women and 12 young men, the first person perspective has been studied and analysed through an interpretive approach. The analysis showed that knowledge about the schools different ways of organizing the teaching are of importance, to understand pupils’ diverse experiences of school life. As an example it has an impact on how the pupils evaluate different types of knowledge, but also how they view their future opportunities. Any clear connection between the schools different ways of organizing the education and teaching and pupils’ experiences of their sense of belonging to this type of school has not emerged. Instead pupils’ awareness, confidence, uncertainty, dejection and determination are to be seen as a framework of understanding, telling us about their experiences of their school affiliation. Together they demonstrate a complexity surrounding pupils’ situation, associated to both advantages and disadvantages in school, but also their thoughts about identity and how they perceive being categorized as deviant by others. The analysis also showed that expectations on the pupils, and their possibilities in the school context, are related to a special school culture and to gender differences.
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8.
  • Andersson, Helena M., 1973- (författare)
  • The physiological impact of soccer on elite female players and the effects of active recovery training
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Female soccer is becoming more popular and professional in the world. There are, however, limited scientific data available on how elite female players respond to physical stress during soccer games. An effective recovery strategy following a game is important, because there are few recovery days between the games in international tournaments. The present thesis, which was designed to mirror a competitive situation, aimed to investigate changes in several physiological systems occurring in female elite players in response to two soccer games. It also aimed to investigate the effects of active recovery training on the recovery of several physiological systems. METHODS: Two elite female soccer teams played two 90-min games separated by 72 h active or passive recovery. The active recovery training (cycling at 60% HRpeak, resistance training at <50% 1RM) lasted one hour and was performed 22 and 46 h after the first game. Countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-m sprint time and isokinetic knee strength were measured before, immediately, 5, 21, 45, 51, and 69 h after the first game, and immediately after the second game. The physical stress markers (CK, urea), oxidative stress markers (e.g., GSSG, lipid peroxidation), endogenous (e.g., UA, thiols) and dietary antioxidants (e.g., tocopherols, carotenoids) and a large battery of cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α) were analysed in blood. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the performance parameters, oxidative stress and antioxidant levels or inflammatory response between the active and passive recovery groups. Sprint and isokinetic knee strength were reduced by the same extent after both games. CMJ decreased after the first game and remained reduced throughout the study period. Blood physical stress markers, GSSG and endogenous antioxidants increased with similar amplitude after both games together with unchanged lipid peroxidation. The dietary antioxidants showed either a rapid and persistent change (e.g., tocopherols) or a delayed rise (carotenoids) after the first game. A transient increase occurred in several pro- (e.g., IL-12, TNF-a, MCP-1), anti-inflammatory (e.g., IL-4, IL-10, INF-a) and mixed (IL-6) cytokines after the first game. Fewer cytokines increased in response to the second game. CONCLUSION: Two repeated elite female soccer games separated by 72 h induced similar acute changes in several physiological parameters. After the first game, differences in the recovery pattern of the neuromuscular parameters occurred. In particular, the slow recovery of CMJ indicates that special attention should be devoted to the training of explosive force. Furthermore, the recruitment of antioxidants in response to the transient increase in GSSG resulted in the maintenance of the redox-balance in female players. Similarly, a strong and balanced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response occurred after one single female soccer game. The consequences of the dampened cytokine response during repeated soccer games are, however, unknown. In general, the majority of the parameters had recovered prior to the second game and the physiological alterations induced by the first game did not affect the performance of players in the second game. Finally, active recovery training conducted after a soccer game does not accelerate the recovery time for neuromuscular, oxidative stress, antioxidant and inflammatory responses in elite female players.
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9.
  • Callmer, Åsa, 1982- (författare)
  • Making sense of sufficiency : Entries, practices and politics
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The affluent groups and societies in the world have made material consumption part of their lifestyle. Today, overconsumption has come to constitute an acute environmental problem, both with regards to the natural resources needed to satisfy our ever-growing wants, and to the mountains of waste it leaves behind.Starting from a global justice perspective and from an understanding of sustainability as keeping within the planetary boundaries, this thesis argues that it is urgent that affluent individuals, groups and societies develop a sense of sufficiency, of “good and enough”. Focusing on sufficiency in the area of material consumption, this thesis explores paths that could be taken to strengthen sufficiency as an idea and value within a consumerist society and culture, and aims to answer the overarching question of how an affluent society might orient itself towards sufficiency. Against the background framework of political ecology, relational geography and sustainable consumption literature, sufficiency is framed as a question of responsibility – the responsibility of the affluent individuals, groups and societies in the world to refrain from taking more than their fair share, or, in other words, to withdraw from their excess environmental space.Two cases of sufficiency-related practice in Sweden are studied: one of individuals who actively and voluntarily reduce their consumption to only the basics over the period of one year, and one of individuals using the ‘’KonMari Method’’ to declutter their homes. The thesis shows that the difference between these practices in regard to consumption is a question of intentionality: The buy-nothing practitioners intentionally want to stop consuming, whereas the majority of the KonMariers – as a result of their practice – eventually cease to want to consume, despite the absence of this as an original driver. These results point to the importance of looking at different kinds of entry into more sufficient consumption practices, and at the motivations behind them when it comes to policies aimed at reducing material consumption. The findings further serve to create an understanding for how a sense of sufficiency might develop in an affluent context.Based on literature discussing a framework for a politics of sufficiency and on interviews with public officials and civil society representatives working with sustainable consumption at different levels in Sweden, this thesis further explores the obstacles to and potential for orienting an affluent society towards sufficiency. Certain potential for a more sufficiency-oriented future is identified, not least in terms of a cultural shift and elements of “sufficiency thinking” among the informants. However, the thesis stresses the importance of rethinking our understanding of limits, being outspoken about what the existence of planetary boundaries implies in terms of limiting resource use and defining clear goals that respect those boundaries and emphasize societal values at the basis of ‘the good life’, such as well-being, health and ecological sustainability.
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10.
  • Ek, Kristina (författare)
  • Att leva med mycket svår kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom : ett liv i slowmotion
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The overall aim of this thesis was to describe how people with very severe obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experienced their every day lives and created meaning, with focus on end-of-life. A second aim was to describe how death and dying can be viewed from the perspective of relatives to people with COPD. In study I, eight patients were interviewed about how COPD affected their everyday lives. A phenomenological method was used. In study II, four people with COPD who lived alone were interviewed over time, to illuminate how the illness influenced their everyday life and their existential thoughts about life and death. In study III, four couples of whom one partner in each couple had COPD were interviewed several times to illuminate the affect the illness had on the spousal relationship, their self-expressed needs, and their existential thoughts, from the perspective of two people living together. A phenomenological-hermeneutic method was used for the analyses in studies IIand III. Study IV aimed at studying patients’ last six months of life with focuson dying and death, and in this study content analysis was used.The studies (I-IV) revealed that suffering from very severe COPD can be a daily struggle to survive as well as to maintain the self-image. The studies also explicate experiences of a shrinking life space, and questions of meaning were being challenged (I). Study II showed that living alone provided feelings of independency. However the bodily losses reminded the patients’ about death and raised fears about death of being painful, as they did not want to face death alone. For the couples in study III living with COPD meant living in a changed pace with uncertainty, changed intimate relationship and finding new ways of living together. Study IV outlined the trajectory of illness to be irregular and characterized by periods of sudden deterioration, making it difficult to plan for the future. Death was experienced as an unexpected experience and was described by all as peaceful. The results in this thesis have outlined important insight into the existential challenges of living with COPD as experienced by the ill persons themselves and their next of relatives.
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