| 1. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Health‐related Research Ethics and Social Value: Antibiotic Resistance Intervention Research and Pragmatic Risks
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bioethics. - : Wiley. - 0269-9702 .- 1467-8519. ; 33:3, s. 335-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the implications for the ethical evaluation of research programs of two fundamental changes in the revised research ethical guideline of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. The first is the extension of scope that follows from exchanging “biomedical” for “health-related” research, and the second is the new evaluative basis of “social value,” which implies new ethical requirements of research. We use the example of antibiotic resistance interventions to explore the need to consider what we term the pragmatic risks of such interventions to evaluate the so- cial value of certain kinds of health-related research. These (pragmatic) risks severely threaten the social value of interventions in every area where human and social re- sponses significantly impact on their effectiveness. Thus, the social value of health-re- lated research needed to demonstrate its effectiveness depends on the successful management of such risks. Research designed to take into account pragmatic risks also gives rise to similar types of risks, and the potential for social value in light of those risks needs to be considered in ethical reviews based on the new guidelines. We argue that, to handle this new expanded task, the international system of research ethical review addressed by the guidelines needs institutional development. In particular, we consider lifting research ethical review to a level closer to actual health policy making.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Sahlberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Don't extinguish my fire – Understanding public resistance to a Swedish policy aimed at reducing particle emissions by phasing out old wood stoves
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood stoves emit particulate matter when used for domestic heating. Consequently, the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning in Sweden enforced a prohibition of new installations of old wood stoves in 2017 to protect the public health. The prohibition caused a public backlash that organized itself as a “wood stove rising”, eventually leading to a cancellation of the new legislation in 2019. We performed comprehensive interviews with 11 signatories of the original appeal to analyze the underlying motives for combating the implementation of this pro-environmental energy policy. We find that domestic heating through fire-making is an age-old human behavior that is deeply connected to several social and emotional human needs, but also to survival in remote areas with cold climate. The likelihood of policy observance and acceptance is higher if the policy is not perceived as being in direct conflict with these needs: basic emotion regulation, sensations of tradition and connection to other people, and means of crisis management for the individual. We also find that the protesters acted out of a sustainability perspective, albeit one where the continued use of functional devices was valued more than the perceived wear-and-tear of replacing outdated technology. © 2022 The Authors
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A Scoping Review of Research Exploring Working Life Practices of People with Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. - : Stockholm University Press. - 1501-7419 .- 1745-3011. ; 25:1, s. 241-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There have been numerous research studies stating the fact that the pandemic affected people with disabilities’ working lives. Less research has been conducted on how people with disabilities coped with and learned from these challenges. This scoping review maps research conducted in the field of disability research and multidisciplinary research, published from the outbreak of the pandemic until October 31, 2022. The focus is on how people with disabilities adapted their working lives to the conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and what working practices and strategies they applied to manage the situation. From an extensive search in bibliographic databases, eight research articles were identified. The review results reveal both challenges and new openings for the working life of people with disabilities post-pandemic. Implications for future research are identified, addressing intersectionality, hybrid work environments, digital gaps and increased participation of people with disabilities in research.
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| 5. |
- Weilenmann, Alexandra, 1974
(författare)
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Negotiating use : Making sense of mobile technology
- 2001
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Ingår i: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. - 1617-4909 .- 1617-4917. ; 5:2, s. 137-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is based on a study of the ways in which a group negotiated the use of a new mobile technology. The group was made up of ski instructors who, during a one-week ski trip, were equipped with a mobile awareness device called the Hummingbird. The group was studied using ethnomethodologically inspired qualitative methods, with the focus on the group members' different views of the Hummingbird's intended use. Negotiations of use occurred using two methods: talk and action. The users negotiated issues such as where and when to use the technology, and whether to consider the Hummingbird a work tool or a gadget for social events. Further, the empirical results clearly show how negotiations of new, mobile technology differ from stationary technology. © Springer-Verlag London Ltd.
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| 6. |
- Algehed, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation + stadsutveckling = sant?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Innovation och stadsutveckling – en forskningsantologi om organiseringsutmaningar för stad och kommun. - Borås : Stema. - 9789189049086
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Dahlberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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A Distributional Semantic Online Lexicon for Linguistic Explorations of Societies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social Science Computer Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 0894-4393 .- 1552-8286. ; 41:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linguistic Explorations of Societies (LES) is an interdisciplinary research project with scholars from the fields of political science, computer science, and computational linguistics. The overarching ambition of LES has been to contribute to the survey-based comparative scholarship by compiling and analyzing online text data within and between languages and countries. To this end, the project has developed an online semantic lexicon, which allows researchers to explore meanings and usages of words in online media across a substantial number of geo-coded languages. The lexicon covers data from approximately 140 language-country combinations and is, to our knowledge, the most extensive free research resource of its kind. Such a resource makes it possible to critically examine survey translations and identify discrepancies in order to modify and improve existing survey methodology, and its unique features further enable Internet researchers to study public debate online from a comparative perspective. In this article, we discuss the social scientific rationale for using online text data as a complement to survey data, and present the natural language processing-based methodology behind the lexicon including its underpinning theory and practical modeling. Finally, we engage in a critical reflection about the challenges of using online text data to gauge public opinion and political behavior across the world.
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| 8. |
- de Zwart, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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Toward Harmonizing Ecotoxicity Characterization in Life Cycle Impact Assessment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 37:12, s. 2955-2971
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystem quality is an important area of protection in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). Chemical pollution has adverse impacts on ecosystems on a global scale. To improve methods for assessing ecosystem impacts, the Life Cycle Initiative hosted by the United Nations Environment Programme established a task force to evaluate the state-of-the-science in modeling chemical exposure of organisms and the resulting ecotoxicological effects for use in LCIA. The outcome of the task force work will be global guidance and harmonization by recommending changes to the existing practice of exposure and effect modeling in ecotoxicity characterization. These changes will reflect the current science and ensure the stability of recommended practice. Recommendations must work within the needs of LCIA in terms of 1) operating on information from any inventory reporting chemical emissions with limited spatiotemporal information, 2) applying best estimates rather than conservative assumptions to ensure unbiased comparison with results for other impact categories, and 3) yielding results that are additive across substances and life cycle stages and that will allow a quantitative expression of damage to the exposed ecosystem. We describe the current framework and discuss research questions identified in a roadmap. Primary research questions relate to the approach toward ecotoxicological effect assessment, the need to clarify the method's scope and interpretation of its results, the need to consider additional environmental compartments and impact pathways, and the relevance of effect metrics other than the currently applied geometric mean of toxicity effect data across species. Because they often dominate ecotoxicity results in LCIA, we give metals a special focus, including consideration of their possible essentiality and changes in environmental bioavailability. We conclude with a summary of key questions along with preliminary recommendations to address them as well as open questions that require additional research efforts.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Jonny, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Development of mortars in Sweden during the period 1800 to 1950
- 2016
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Ingår i: 4th Historic Mortars Conference HMC 2016. Santorini, Greece, 10-12 October, 2016.. ; , s. 204-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective with the present project was to combine studies of textbooks and masonry constructions with laboratory analyses of historical mortars from the time period 1800 to 1950. The objective was to investigate the development of knowledge and craftsmanship of the mason during this period. The three different sources display the same trends from binder rich to binder poor and to mortars based on cement and lime mixes. There was a change from a complex and varying use of different mortars in the 19th century to a simplified and standardized use in the 20th century. This process also includes a change to a centralised and industrialized production of binders. A consequence of this was that a loss of the craftmans knowledge of how to handle different hydraulic binders and pozzolans. The later part of the period was characterised in a loss of knowledge in this aspect for all actors working with masonry and renders.
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