| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Collste, David, 1988-
(författare)
-
Navigating towards the Safe Operating Space: Systems thinking and the SDGs
- 2019
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Can the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals be reached within the Planetary Boundaries? This licentiate thesis aims to explore this question by navigating towards the safe operating space, as defined by the planetary boundaries, through integrating issues, disciplines, scales, models and stakeholders. The thesis is a milestone within the European Union financed project “Adaptation to a New Economic Reality (AdaptEconII)”. Besides the SDGs and planetary boundaries, I embark from a curiosity about systems and their dynamics and explore the interface of system dynamics formalism and global social-ecological systems resilience applications. A practical aim is to also inform the SDG implementation process by guiding cross-scale SDG implementation through offering modeling insights (the Human Needs Paper II) and a stakeholder approach for goal implementation (the African Dialogue Paper I). In the African Dialogue paper, I present the first stakeholder-based approach of visioning and exploring Sustainable Development Pathways to meet the SDGs. I embark from the Three horizons framework - a participatory approach which involves participants in visioning and unpacking complex issues to elicit views about future aspirations, current challenges and pathways to addressing and achieving them. The paper first introduces how the Three horizons approach was built on, and adapted to, the 2030 Agenda. Together with the co-authors, I developed the method to enable addressing a spectrum of challenges for SDG implementation and incorporate alternative narratives with a wholistic view of the 2030 Agenda’s implementation. We wanted to facilitate the discovery of a few alternative pathways and include a discussion on global pathways to contrast them against. In the paper, I discuss the benefits and challenges of the adapted approach in relation to its implementation in an illustrative case study, the 2018 African Dialogue on The World In 2050, which deliberated on future pathways for agriculture and food systems in Africa. The process enabled discussions on commonalities and differences between a diversity of future visions for Africa, grounded in different cultural contexts, and their implications for the global scale. All four stakeholder groups included the importance of youth and women empowerment, and the need for climate adaptation to reach the SDGs in their pathways. The groups diverged when it came to whether future population growth should be seen as positive or negative for African futures, and whether agribusinesses or cooperatives should dominate the agricultural sector. The developed frame, Three Horizons for SDGs (3H4SDG), represents a versatile approach for a participatory design of future pathways to reach SDGs, inclusive to marginalized voices and facilitating a context-sensitive exploration of alternative futures. In the Human Needs paper, I accentuate that sustainability means meeting human needs now, and in the future. The 2030 Agenda’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent global ambitions to meet human needs, but prospects are unclear for meeting SDGs without worsening environmental deterioration. In constructing a world model to explore SDG-related risks to Earth system resilience, I examined historic correlations, 1980-2015, between production measured as income per person and advancement on the human-needs goals, SDGs 1-7, for seven world regions and the world as a whole. In the paper I present uniform patterns of saturation for all regions above a clear income threshold – at a level where human needs and capabilities are met, consistent with happiness economics and the Easterlin paradox. I observe stark differences with respect to scale: the world as a whole behaves differently from all its seven regions. And I argue that these differences between historical regional patterns give vital hints on how SDGs can be reached within Earth’s safe operating space.
|
|
| 3. |
- Engdahl, Ingrid, 1952-
(författare)
-
Med barnens röst : Ettåringar "berättar" om sin förskola
- 2007
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the children’s voiceOne-year-olds “tell” about their preschoolThe overall aim of this study is to advance the child’s perspective. This is done by a study of one-year-olds in a toddler unit in a Swedish municipal preschool, located in a multicultural suburb in the city of Stockholm. A full day preschool programme is common today in Sweden. More than 40 percent of the one-year-olds and more than 80 percent of the two-year-olds take part in preschool education. The National Curriculum for the Preschool describes the preschool child¬ren (aged 1–6 years) as active participants, and gives them the equal rights to come up with ideas and to influence the activities and the environment.The study is theoretically placed within phenomenology. One’s perception forms images of different phenomenon in the everyday life of the children, and these phenomena create the world for us. In a phenomenological study the researcher tries to describe and even to understand the life-world of the participating people. Phenomenology is well aligned with the child’s perspective. Six one-year-olds, three girls and three boys, within a toddler group of fourteen one- to three-year-olds were followed during nine months, from April to Decem-ber, 2006. Participatory observations with field notes and video re-cordings were used in the data collection. The teachers’ interaction with the children was not studied.The result is presented as “stories” told by the children, stories which of course are the researcher’s descriptions, based on the emerg-ing phenomena. Making up “stories” and presenting them as the chil-dren’s “stories” is a conscious choice in order to enhance the chil-dren’s perspectives. The “stories” tell about friendship among the children, shown when they give attention to each other and when they actively choose their playmates. The children play together most of the time and the play consists of continuous and repeated play ses-sions with regular interruptions, during which the children wander around the premises. Longer uninterrupted periods where the children kept focus on the same activity were also frequent.Key words: one-year-olds, preschool, child’s perspective, play, identity formation, friendship
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Bergsten, Arvid, 1981-
(författare)
-
Fragmented landscapes : Assessment and communication of landscape connectivity in human-dominated landscapes
- 2012
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis summarizes the first half of my PhD on the theme of management of fragmented landscapes. The thesis applies – and reflects on the use of – network analysis of connectivity in relation to landscape planning. Relevant theory on knowledge management and spatial ecology is summarized and discussed in connection with two papers.Paper I centers on municipal ecologists and environmental planners in the Stockholm region. They state that connectivity is rarely considered enough in planning and that assessment tools are lacking. Paper I studies the benefits and difficulties of using network analysis to manage connectivity in land-use planning. Among the main difficulties was the choice of model species and access to input data. The main strengths were the graphical and quantitative results, the potential for social learning, identification of critical sites and to relate local planning and ecology to the regional landscape.Paper II applies network methodology to quantify habitat availability of fragmented lichen-type forests in protected areas in northern Sweden. It studies a dynamic landscape that is continuously rearranged by forestry, with consequences that depend on species’ abilities to compete for resources in protected habitats, and to disperse through unprotected mature forest stands. We discuss the results with reference to the planning of forestry and protected areas, and to the resilience of species to patchy disturbance regimes.To end I propose a continuation of research, including a methodological development of network analysis; a sociological study of the acceptance of ecological advice in urban planning; and an integration of social and ecological network analysis to compare patterns of cross-municipal collaboration with landscape connectivity.
|
|
| 7. |
- Drury O'Neill, Elizabeth, 1988-
(författare)
-
Small-Scale Fisheries Governance : Broadening Perspectives on Markets, Relationships and Benefits in Seafood Trade
- 2016
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate adresses the relative ambiguity surounding benefit flows from small-scale fisheries seafood trade with a specific focus on how they may be impacted by market and social stuctures. Small-scale fishery governenace has previously taken a narrowly approach to sustainability. Focused on managing fishing activities, economic-led market interventions and overlooking the embededness of the fishers within a broader social structure. Also failing to address fisheries as interlinked social-ecological systems where feedbacks between the two can impact future sustainability. The larger PhD project takes a step towards combining these two out-of-focus areas by taking a systems perspective, through a Value Chain approach, to fisheries governance, associated market influences and the consequent benefit flows from marine ecosystem services. This licentiate begins by unpacking dynamics within the social realm that may impact benefit flows and ultimately resource extraction decisions, potentially contributing to feedbacks from the marine ecosystem. Research uses mixed-methods and is case-orientated with sites across two tropical marine small-scale fisheries in Zanzibar and the Philippines. Results present two market environments with distinct structures, conduct, reciprocity systems and notably, gender roles. However both systems experience economic transactions underlain by broader social relations and binds. These various features manifest themselves in different, yet often unexpected, ways through income equalities, distributions and reciprocal networks of fishers and trading actors. Once a broadened and diversified view of the SSF trading environment is appropriated, it is clear that benefit flows are impacted by various contextual features (e.g. gender, transaction forms and buyer types). Governance-related research or interventions should incorporate undervalued local attributes such as cultural characteristics, social relationships and market participation as they play a role in who benefits from seafood trade. Thus If governance is to be improved for sustainably increasing food and livelihood security it is necessary to unpack these benefit flow mechanisms and, in particular, the local social dynamics that mediate fishers’ everyday interplay with the marine ecosystem. Future steps include the aim to identify potential social-ecological feedbacks between the disentangled market environments and the local marine ecosystems as a result of interactions in SSF trade.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Haider, L. Jamila, 1987-
(författare)
-
Understanding poverty traps in biocultural landscapes
- 2015
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over one and a half billion people live in poverty, with some 795 million suffering from chronic malnourishment. For many of these people this perilous situation has persisted for decades or more, in what is popularly characterized as a poverty ‘trap’. Some of the poorest areas in the world, commonly held up as examples of poverty traps, also boast exceptionally high levels of agricultural and cultural diversity. This same diversity (which we call biocultural diversity) underpins both the present and future social-ecological resilience of the communities that reside in such landscapes. The way that poverty traps are conceptualized, however, as part of the design and implementation process of conventional development interventions, can mean that these interventions may inadvertently result in the reduction of the very diversity that may be so vital to future development pathways and the long-term prosperity of the people in rural landscapes. The specific question addressed in this licentiate thesis is: How are poverty traps conceptualized in rural development? The aim is to contribute to a more nuanced conceptualization of poverty alleviation that explicitly takes biological and cultural diversity into consideration, thereby maintaining future potential sources of resilience. In doing so the licentiate thesis seeks to provide a more powerful heuristic basis for identifying and assessing the drivers and mechanisms of persistent poverty. Paper I offers an example of a specific case (Central Romania) representing the problem of persistent poverty in a biocultural context and addresses barriers to rural development using ‘traps’ as a conceptual framing. The findings of the paper demonstrate that multiple barriers to rural development are often interacting and mutually reinforcing, and therefore need to be tackled simultaneously, and with an additional focus on the interactions themselves, as well as each of the barriers. Paper I highlighted some of the current shortfalls of the concept of traps, namely a somewhat inconsistent literature which motivates the need for a synthesis of traps in development economics and sustainability science. Paper II provides an overview of trap conceptualisations in the broader literature (across all disciplines that address ‘trap’ dilemmas) and specifically the interplay between trap conceptualizations and causal mechanisms of traps in rural development contexts. The paper concludes that in the transition out of rural poverty, development practice may benefit substantially from a broader, more nuanced and holistic conceptualization of trap dynamics in resource dependent contexts. This argument is based on appreciation of four propositions from social-ecological thinking: (i) scale-mismatch, (ii) a more explicit recognition of the external drivers of traps, (iii) historical path-dependency, and (iv) biological and cultural diversity. In summary, the licentiate thesis contends that the way development scholars have conceptualised poverty traps may influence the way poverty is alleviated (or not). Overcoming poverty is more complicated than even multidimensional wellbeing thresholds due to unintended consequences on biological and cultural diversity, for example. Through maintaining a limited poverty traps conceptualization, we may be obscuring the ability to see the interactions that could lead to alternative, more resilient, development trajectories.
|
|
| 10. |
- Hedlund, Johanna
(författare)
-
No environmental problem is an island : Aligning networks of transboundary collaboration to complex policy issue interdependencies
- 2019
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent times, societal and environmental problems have been exhibiting a growing interconnectedness and interdependency. Based on the idea of institutional fit, interdependency on a problem level should be preferably matched with governance arrangements for effective problem-solving. Still, we know little about the governance of consequential interdependencies across societal and environmental problems. Moreover, knowledge on how the governance of such interdependencies can be effective is even more limited. In governance contexts, actors break down societal and environmental problems into specific policy issues. When actors engage in policy issues that exhibit interdependency with other policy issues, such as resource extraction and environmental protection, they must seek governance arrangements that go beyond framings of single policy issues as detached from others. Transboundary, collaborative forms of governance are often undertaken by actors as a response to interdependencies between policy issues. This combination of interdependencies and transboundary dimensions consolidates high complexity. Despite extensive literature on collaboration as a governance form and a growing body of research on interdependency between policy issues, few studies integrate these to inform research on the effectiveness of such complex governance systems, where both perspectives are combined. Nor do such studies provide empirical evidence of why the effects of transboundary arrangements for governing interdependencies matter. Without such knowledge, transboundary collaboration can therefore occur without acknowledging which policy issues are interdependent, and in what way. This poses a risk of hampering its effectiveness to solve given policy issues, pertaining to a societal or environmental problem. On that account, this PhD thesis will investigate policy issue interdependencies in the transboundary collaborative governance of the Norrström water basin, situated in the Mideast of Sweden with its outlet in Stockholm. This is a novel approach to understand a key feature of environmental problems that makes them difficult to effectively address, and to further investigate the potential of collaborative governance as way to succeed in such endeavour. This licentiate thesis addresses this current research gap with the two following papers. Paper I introduces a methodological procedure for identifying and measuring interdependencies between policy issues based on their common, causal relationships. It thereby contributes to advancing the description of policy issues as an indicator of actors’ decision-making and governance effectiveness. Paper II places the policy issue interdependency networks developed in Paper I in relation to governance networks using a multilevel network approach. It analyzes the impact of policy issue interdependencies as exogenous drivers of collaborative governance, providing insights about the evolution of complex governance systems. With these papers, this thesis aims at a concretization and application of interdependent structures at the policy issue level and actor level respectively. It thereby meets an objective highlighted by previous research by integrating interdependent policy issues and collaborative governance, contributing to the study of complex governance systems through its formation, development and effectiveness.
|
|
