| 1. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Numbers of publications and citations for researchers in fields pertinent to the social services : a comparison of peer-reviewed journal publications across six disciplines
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Springer. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 127, s. 6029-6046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timely dissemination of knowledge is essential and fosters development of knowledge both within academe and the wider society, not least for knowledge that serves practises outside of academia. Here, we compare six disciplines which provide health-related knowledge that serve the health and social services. Most previous research compares the size and impact of the body of publications belonging to each discipline, which ignores the distribution of seniority, productivity, and impact amongst researchers. Instead, we consider the whole population of academics in Sweden employed or active within each discipline, including those who have nil publications. The disciplines form three clusters, where researchers in Public Health and Nursing and Caring science claim about 15 articles per author, Psychology about 10, and Education, Sociology and Social Work less than four. Their numbers of citations follow the same pattern, and are substantially correlated with the number of articles. Tenured or full professors had about 50% more publications and citations per publication than had associate professors. The distributions indicate clear modes at 0, 4, and 16 publications for each cluster, and provide the proportions of researchers within each discipline who have no such publications at all. We discuss the implications of these results for policy, practice, and knowledge quality in the social services and the welfare sector.
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| 2. |
- Madison, Guy, et al.
(författare)
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Can gender studies be studied? : Reply to comments on Söderlund and Madison
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Springer. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 108:1, s. 329-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We reply to the comment by Lundgren, Shildrick and Lawrence on our article on gender studies bibliometrics and argue that it does not challenge any of our main results. Their points of criticism concerned that we had not compiled exactly all scholarly gender production, that the gender studies field had changed during the period, that the definition of the research area is vague, and suggest that only gender studies scholars themselves are able to study the field. We maintain that constructive scientific critique should specify alternative methods and how they are expected to change the results and conclusions, and why that would be preferable. Without such stringency, it reduces to regressive lists of detail.
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| 3. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-
(författare)
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Explicating politicians’ arguments for sex quotas in Sweden : Increasing power and influence rather than increasing quality and productivity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Communication. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-900X. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quotas are employed or proposed in several European countries as a means to decrease differences in outcomes across groups. Quotas belong to a family of biased selection and treatment measures based on group membership, rather than individual ability. The effects of such measures depend on the underlying model of the relevant variables and their relationships, but this model is not explicit in the political discourse. Here, thematic analysis is applied to statements that argue for legislated sex quotas in Sweden, issued by leading politicians and government officials. The most common, recurrent themes are that: (a) Women are at least as able as men; (b) less able men are currently selected over more able women; (c) the proportion of women should be increased to at least 40%, which (d) will increase organizations' quality and productivity; (e) this should be achieved by means of quotas but (f) not through improved meritocratic assessment. It is shown that these claims are inconsistent, as (1) improved meritocratic assessment was not proposed, although that would more effectively select the more able than would quotas, and (2) quotas will lead to lower rather than higher quality and productivity, as it demands that the less able be appointed if they are female. This suggests that the purpose of quotas is to increase the influence of the favored group even if it is currently less able.
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| 4. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in scientific productivity and impact are largely explained by the proportion of highly productive individuals : a whole-population study of researchers across six disciplines in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Studies in Higher Education. - : Routledge. - 0307-5079 .- 1470-174X. ; 49:1, s. 119-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex differences in human performance have been documented across a wide array of human endeavours. Males tend to exhibit higher performance in intellectually demanding and competitive domains, and this difference tends to be more pronounced the higher the level of performance. Here, we analyse publishing performance for the whole population of associate and full professors in relatively sex-balanced disciplines, namely Education, Nursing and Caring Science, Psychology, Public Health, Sociology, and Social Work, comprising 426 women and 562 men. We find that sex differences in the number of publications, citations, and citations per publication were small across low and medium levels of productivity, but become more pronounced the higher the level of performance. In the top performing 10% the female proportion decreases from the average 43.2% to 26% (25 F, 71 M), which further decreases to 15% in the top 5%. The results are discussed with respect to the greater male variability hypothesis, sex differences in psychological traits, and environmental factors such as sex discrimination.
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| 5. |
- Dutton, Edward, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Genius and premature birth: little evidence that claims about historically eminent scientists are accurate
- 2021
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Ingår i: Indian Journal of History of Science. - : Springer. - 0019-5235 .- 2454-9991. ; 56, s. 20-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of very eminent and highly creative individuals are often claimed to have been born prematurely, and the idea that widely recognised scientific geniuses such as Newton, Kepler, and Darwin were preterm has become a cultural meme through the popular press, and through popular and academic science books. This potentially raises very important questions, related to the nature and origin of creativity and innovation, as it has been suggested that prematurity and genius may be linked. Here, we review suggested links between prematurity and genius, in terms of psychological traits associated with genius, and compare the percentage of top geniuses in Murray's Human Accomplishment who are claimed to have been born prematurely to that of Western populations in general. Although a significant number of those in Murray's sample have been asserted to be preterm, we found that none of them could be said with certainty to have been so, refuting the hypothesis that there is a clear connection between prematurity and scientific genius.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Madison, Guy, et al.
(författare)
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Comparisons of content and scientific quality indicators across peer-reviewed journal articles with more or less gender perspective : gender studies can do better
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Springer. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 115:3, s. 1161-1183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of gender studies has faced criticism for poor scholarship and methodology, both from within and outside academia. Here, we compare indicators of scientific quality across three samples of peer-reviewed journal articles with more, less and no gender perspective, on the assumption that gender studies tend to apply a gender perspective. The statements in the articles were content-analysed with respect to subject matter, their level of support in surrounding text, and other indicators of scientific quality. The higher the level of gender perspective, the lower was the scientific quality for seven out of nine indicators. Support was higher for the no gender perspective group, but did not differ across the two higher levels. We suggest that the impact of the field can be increased by implementing established research methods employed in other disciplines, especially in terms of bringing about desired social and societal change.
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| 8. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in the number of scientific publications and citations when attaining the rank of professor in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Studies in Higher Education. - : Routledge. - 0307-5079 .- 1470-174X. ; 46:12, s. 2506-2527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proportion of women tends to decrease the higher the academic rank, following a global pattern. Sweden has taken comprehensive measures to decrease this gap across 30 years, and many countries are following a similar path. Yet today only 27% of faculty with the rank of professor in Sweden are female. A common explanation is that academia is biased against women. According to this hypothesis, women have to reach higher levels of scholarly achievement than men to be appointed to the same academic rank. Publication metrics when attaining the rank of professor were compiled from the Web of Science for samples of the whole population of 1345 professors appointed at the six largest universities in Sweden during a six-year period. Men had significantly more publications and citations in both medicine and in the social sciences, rejecting the hypothesis that women are held to a higher scholarly standard in this context.
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| 9. |
- Söderlund, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Objectivity and realms of explanation in academic journal articles concerning sex/gender : a comparison of Gender studies and the other social sciences
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 112:2, s. 1093-1109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender studies (GS) has been challenged on epistemological grounds. Here, we compare samples of peer-reviewed academic journal publications written by GS authors and authors from closely related disciplines in the social sciences. The material consisted of 2805 statements from 36 peer-reviewed journal articles, sampled from the Swedish Gender Studies List, which covers > 12,000 publications. Each statement was coded as expressing a lack of any of three aspects of objectivity: Bias, Normativity, or Political activism, or as considering any of four realms of explanation for the behaviours or phenomena under study: Biology/genetics, Individual/group differences, Environment/culture, or Societal institutions. Statements in GS publications did to a greater extent express bias and normativity, but not political activism. They did also to a greater extent consider cultural, environmental, social, and societal realms of explanation, and to a lesser extent biological and individual differences explanations.
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| 10. |
- Aasa, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Correspondence between physical self-concept and participation in, and fitness change after, bi-weekly body conditioning classes in sedentary women
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - 1064-8011 .- 1533-4287. ; 31:2, s. 451-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the study were (1) to investigate the effects of participation in low impact body conditioning classes on physical fitness in sedentary women at different ages and (2) to examine the correspondence between physical self-concept and participation in, and fitness change after, the participation. Ninety-two sedentary women (mean age 44.2 years) participated in 11-weeks of bi-weekly classes that included cardiovascular, strength, core, endurance and mobility exercises, all performed in synchrony with music. Cardiorespiratory fitness, maximal lifting strength, mobility and balance tests were performed pre- and post the exercise period and the short-form Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ-S) was completed. Zero-order Spearman correlation analyses showed that women who rated the PSDQ-S dimension Sport competence higher participated in a larger number of sessions (rs=0.24, p=0.040). At post-tests, all participants had increased their balance, the participants aged 20-34 years had increased their lifting strength, and the participants aged 35-65 years had increased their cardiorespiratory fitness and mobility. Most PSDQ-S dimensions did not affect performance change, but the perception of being physically active was related to increased cardiovascular fitness. We conclude that women with a sedentary lifestyle who wish to increase their physical capacity benefit from music exercise and that inquiries about perceived sport competence and physical activity can improve recommendations made by strength and conditioning professionals.
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