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- Magnusson, Eva, 1947-
(author)
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Vardagens könsinnebörder under förhandling : om arbete, familj och produktion av kvinnlighet
- 1998
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The subject of this study was Swedish women's experiences of their everyday lives as lived between the demands of work and family. Twenty female civil servants were interviewed six times each over a three and a half year period when their work places underwent organizational changes.One purpose of the study was to investigate how women while managing everyday demands reproduce or transform the meanings of gender in their own lives. A second purpose was to discuss the impact of these processes on women's self-understandings and ways of relating to power and issues of gender equality, as well as the meanings of "femininity" in their lives.The repeated semi-structured interviews were analysed using two qualitative approaches: the first focused on the ways individual women understood and negotiated their everyday lives. It yielded four main areas of negotiation: the personal biography as a dynamic context in which a woman understands her experiences; the balancing between work and family generally managed by women; women's often somewhat ambiguous personal fit at work; and the striving for subject positions at work. In the second approach discourse analysis was used to study how gender is locally reproduced or transformed from personal experiences set in specific discursive contexts. Modes of understanding were in focus; i.e. the different ways women may integrate experiences as parts of their sense of self, depending mainly on social positionings. Important discursive themes were the women's self-presentations, their experiences of gender equality and power differentials, and their ways of relating to femininity.The dissertation also discusses the types of psychological theory best suited to the historically changeable contents of "femininity", in contrast to its more stable relational qualitites of subordination vs. superordination, and argues for theory situated in a feminist social constructionist framework.
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- Persson, Olle, 1949-
(author)
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Forskning i bibliometrisk belysning
- 1991
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hur hävdar sig svensk forskning i en internationell jämförelse? Hur ser det internationella samarbetet ut inom vetenskapen? Vad kännetecknar den svenska forskningen jämfört med andra länder? Svar på dessa frågor kan vi få med hjälp av bibliometri, dvs genom att räkna hur många artiklar som publiceras av länder inom olika forskningsfält.Idag finns det litteraturdatabaser som gör det möjligt att få fram uppgifter om när, var och av vem forskningen utförts. Sådan kunskap är av speciellt intresse för forskningspolitik, men bibliometrin kan också användas inom vetenskapssociologi, vetenskapshistoria, informationsvetenskap och biblioteksforskning. I denna bok presenteras en rad exempel på bibliometriska studier och där svensk forskning står i fokus. Det visas också hur man med hjälp av citeringslänkar kan beskriva den pågående forskningens struktur och intellektuella rötter.
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| 4. |
- Sjögren, Mikael, 1961-
(author)
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Fattigvård och folkuppfostran : liberal fattigvårdspolitik 1903-1918
- 1997
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The present study treats liberal poor relief policy in Sweden between 1903 and 1918. In using institutionalist theory and Yvonne Hirdman's gender theory, along with qualitative analysis, the author interprets the motives of the actors, distilling from them both the values, attitudes and norms they themselves represented, and those they wished to communicate to the poverty-stricken through poor relief.This study shows that the liberal reformers, with the liberal, "help-to-self-help" idea as their basic ideological foundation, wanted to shape poor relief institutions so that those who came into contact with poor relief authorities would be taught to assume responsibility for their own lives. Poor relief was intended to develop the individual's will and ability to support him/herself and his/her family. Maintenance obligation was a central element here; those who neglected this obligation were therefore apprehended as criminals, and toughened regulations for neglecting the maintenance obligation were introduced into the poor relief law of 1918.Poor relief was also to be formed so that it would have a deterrent effect. Unchecked charity would be counteracted and the individual prevented from becoming dependent upon receiving welfare. This would be effected through preventive measures for the conscienious recipients, and moral education for the unruly ones.In order that the right measures be taken in each individual case, the liberal reformers advocated an individualized system of poor relief whereby poor people were judged to be either "worthy" or "unworthy", according to a moral yardstick. However, in the legislation it is apparent that the male is considered to be the norm, since it was the inability to secure gainful employment that gave one the right to receive poor relief. This employment criterion disregarded the fact that it was most often the husband who was the family provider, while the wife most often worked in the household. The poor housewife was made invisible and thus found herself relegated to a no-man's land somewhere in between the "worthy" and "unworthy" poor.The female reformers, warders and the poor women themselves lived within the confines of a gender system where the man represented the norm. However, there existed sub-systems side-by-side and on different levels of society, with class differences acting as the watershed. The progressive middle- and upper-class women and the female warders lived in a system of separation of the male and female spheres which allowed them to take the step out into the public arena — within certain boundaries — while the poor women lived in a system constructed with men foremost in mind.In conclusion, one may say that moral education was a type of social engineering intended to realize a liberal social Utopia, where all individuals would have the will and the ability to support themselves.
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- Brändström, Sture, et al.
(author)
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Två musikpedagogiska fält : en studie om kommunal musikskola och musiklärarutbildning
- 1995
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The thesis consists of two parts. One is directed towards municipal music schools, and one deals with music teacher education at university level. The purpose was to investigate the recruitment to these two educations, and to describe and explain how different student groups perceived and used their education. Five empirical studies have been accomplished, and central questions were: which deliberate and non-deliberate choices of musical activities are made by children and music students, and how are these choices affected by socio-economical, geographical and gender prerequisites.Theoretically, the first part of the thesis was based on the educational sociology of Pierre Bourdieu and on previous empirical studies in music pedagogy. The first empirical study was directed towards the recruitment of pupils to the municipal music school in Piteå (n=1085). The study showed that two out of three pupils are girls. Furthermore, it was twice as common among children of higher employees and university graduates to study at the music school than among children with working class backgrounds. The second empirical study was an interview with children, 12-13 years of age (n=369). The results indicated that boys and girls understand and use music and music education in significantly different ways. Furthermore, differences related to socioeconomic background, musical background and residential area were also shown.The second part of the thesis begins with a summary of the origin and scientific basis of Swedish music pedagogy, followed by an investigation regarding recruitment to the music teacher education at the School of Music in Piteå (n=177). The investigation indicated that recruitment is socially biased, similar to that of the municipal music school. One third of the music teacher students were recruited from families where one of the parents worked as a teacher. One out of three students came from homes where religion was an important part of family life. In an interview-study with 60 music teacher students, differences related to gender and educational orientation arose in how students looked upon and used their education. The study showed two attitudes to music and music education, which were linked to the following concepts: musician code and teacher code. In connection with these concepts, three action strategies could be identified: navigation, revolt, and adjustment. These strategies were interpreted as an expression of the tension between the demands of the education and the individuals' wish to have his or her interests and needs met. The dissertation concludes with a project called "Self-formulated goals and self-evaluation in music education" and a short forward-looking discussion pertaining to questions that have been generated throughout the entire research process.
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- Eskilsson, Lena, 1951-
(author)
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Drömmen om kamratsamhället : Kvinnliga medborgarskolan på Fogelstad 1925-35
- 1991
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The dissertation deals with ideas and visions of female citizenship at the time when Swedish women obtained the right to vote.Sources used are school archive material, school diaries, newspaper articles, letters, autobiographies, personal records, lecture manuscripts and notes etc.The main aim is to show how a group ofradical liberal women, "Fogelstadgruppen" - Elisabeth Tamm, landowner, farmer and one of the first female members of the Swedish Parliament, Kerstin Hesselgren, Sweden’s very first woman MP, also social politician, factory- and house inspector, Ada Nilsson, physician, Elin Wagner, author and Honorine Hermelin, teacher and headmistress oft he School - tried to find new ways of improving societal development.Ideals connected with liberalism, individualism, feminism - women’s experience and knowledge of private life - were fundamental.The major issues discussed at Fogelstad and aived at ”Tidevarvet”, The Epoch, a weekly radical magazine for women started 1923 by the group, are still topical today: women’s rights - in education, employment and family - as well as pacifism, environmental questions and the political implications of women’s protests over these and other topics.”Fogelstadgruppen” based their activities primarily on the view that women had special qualities, which society should nurture. This particularity of women was based on social and cultural circumstances rather than biological. All women, they considered, have deep and genuine experience of the morality ofthe private life, of kindship and friendship, moral standards and values that society needed to develop true democracy for all its citizens. Some aspects of this idea had their roots in the Swedish somen’s movement with Fredrika Bremer, Ellen Key and later Elin Wagner as leading figures.In the 1930s, at the time of what was to become the famous ”Swedish model”, with it’s large-scale, rational, collective solutionsto societal problems, the female alternative offered by ”Fogelstadgruppen”, the Women Citizens’ school and ”Tidevarvet” - a decentralized, organic society, organised in small, informal groups - did not attract enough women citizens to become an influential force in society. But it was an interesting and brave attempt.
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| 7. |
- Melin, Inga-Brita, 1932-
(author)
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Lysistrates döttrar : Pionjärer och pedagoger i två kvinnliga fredsorganisationer (1898-1937)
- 1999
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to describe and analyse how, between 1898 and 1937, women organised themselves in two peace organisations which protested against the wars, the growing militarism and the military education in schools. Their strategy was to take part in the political life of the country and to promote popular awareness and education about peace. In the dissertation will also be described and analysed the women's strategies to gain influence and power in the male structures of society, with special focus on people's attitudes to war and peace.Two women and a network around them are used as an illustrative example of how women worked and developed strategies for their activities in the organisations. Emilia Broomé started and was chairwoman of Sveriges Kvinnliga Fredsförening (SKF) from 1898 to 1911. Matilda Widegren was the first chairwoman of the Swedish section of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) between 1919 and 1937. In Swedish the section was called Internationella Kvinnoförbundet för Fred och Frihet (IKFF).The empirical findings of the dissertation have been analysed by means of a hermeneutic approach and theories developed in the field of women studies. The empirical material is partly based on the unique records from the time when the two organisations were active. Theories developed by Joan Scott and Yvonne Hirdman have been used as the analysis tool on an overall level. For the analysis of the participants' actions on the group level and individual level theories developed by Berit Ås, Hildur Ve and Carol Gilligan have been used.My results show how women, deprived of formal power, developed special strategies to gain influence. In the early stages it was through the men that they made their suggestions. At the same time, they worked in the movement for women's suffrage. Through that strategy they could achieve marginal changes. Despite their low level of formal representation I am inclined to interpret the situation to indicate that women's influence on society and its development even before they gainded the right to vote was fairly extensive.When suffrage was attained for women, they also achieved formal influence in society, but as far as war and other military defence issues were concerned, women were excluded (and still are today). After the introduction of general suffrage it was still often the case that they had to use informal means to influence decisions.
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| 8. |
- Vikström, Eva
(author)
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Platsen, bruket och samhället : tätortsbildning och arkitektur 1860-1970
- 1991
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Avhandlingen behandlar bebyggelse och stadsbild i 1800- och 1900-talens nya samhällen i nationellt, regionalt och lokalt perspektiv. Tonvikten ligger då på en kronologisk analys av 'samhället', på ett studium av stadsbildens förändringar 1860-1970. Geografiskt fokuseras Västerbottens län.
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| 10. |
- Fahlgren, Siv
(author)
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Det sociala livets drama och dess manus : diskursanalys, kön och sociala avvikelser
- 1999
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We are the eyes of our discourses. This is the point of departure. The disourses make us see, think, talk, act. be and move in certain ways. They contribute to forming our bodies, our souls, our genders. Therefore, to consider how such discourses are ordered becomes an important project. How is the manuscript of the social drama written? How is meaning constructed in our lives? What effects may the construction of meaning have? The ensuing research assignment will be to design a discourse analysis which is justifiable from the perspectives of gender theory and ethics and which can function as a research strategy, and to apply that discourse analysis to three areas or texts: a traditional social science text, texts from the contemporary discussion about gender theory, and a story of my own from social work with children.First, a frame centered around the philosophy of language and the theory of knowledge is constructed to encircle the discourse analysis as a research strategy, and then the analysis is described out of an example. The first application—to a classic, sociological text—clearly illustrates how a disourse analysis can be made, and it also demonstrates how gendered meanings can be constituted and discursively reproduced in social science texts as well as what potential effects the constitution of meaning can have. This application makes up an illustration of how gender differences are constructed and naturalised in a concurrence of discourse and practice.The second application is a discursive reading of the contemporary discussion about gender theory and its various gendered meanings and varying effects. Here I posit my own view of gender/sex in relation to that discussion. Both in scholarly work and in everyday life there are discursive controversies about which gendered meaning to naturalise, about which drama to enact, about which manuscript to use. The discourse analysis can visualise such controversies.In the third application of the discourse analysis, the relation between discourse and practice is focused. It concerns social work with children and departs from my own story about a child who is taken into custody. In the analysis, social work is described as paradoxical and contradictory, a discipline whose governing purpose is the maintenance and administration of central social values and orders like class, gender, and ethnicity (here focused on gender).The discourse analysis in the three applications opens up opportunities for a discussion and an ethical reflection about how discursive constitutions are made and what effects they have. Contrarily, the analysis also demonstrates what discursive constitutions aggravate or silence in reference to other approaches or modes of expression, and consequential forms of social practices, relations, life styles, and ways of life.
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