| 1. |
- Nordlund, Annika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers and facilitators for pro-environmental behavior
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental policy and household behaviour. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 9781134040063 - 9781844078974 ; , s. 99-126
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To what extent we as individuals and members of a household live a sustainable life depends on the choices we make in our everyday life. This means that the products we consume, the way we travel, the kind of appliances we use in our household, and the way we handle our household waste are all examples of behavioural choices with serious implications for the environment. In Chapter 2, the important relationship between the individual and the state was discussed. This relationship is important since much of the everyday pro-environmental behaviours households are expected to execute are policy directed. If the households perceive that they are left without support, that is, left to fend for themselves when it comes to the dos and don’ts within the realm of environmental behavioural choices, this might affect the degree of willingness for change. In order to achieve a change in a sustainable direction there is therefore a need to understand the diversity of factors important for the daily behaviours of citizens. For example, why do some people buy only organic foods and others don’t and what are the reasons for choosing to go by bicycle instead of taking the car? The complexity of everyday life in households has been discussed in depth in Chapter 3. Knowledge of different important factors for daily behaviour is important for the understanding of under what conditions different pro-environmental behaviours are carried outor not by individuals in households. In addition this accentuates the importance of knowledge about barriers and facilitators for policy-makers having to deal with issues of effectiveness and legitimacy, in the design of, for the public, acceptable pro-environmental policies.
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| 2. |
- Forsblad, Mattias, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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How Children with Mild Intellectual Disability Experience Self-driving Buses : In Support of Agency
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transaction on Transport Sciences. - : Palacky University Olomouc. - 1802-971X .- 1802-9876. ; 14:2, s. 21-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many people with intellectual disability experience their needs and desires not being fully considered. Responding to this problem, the purpose of this study is to investigate how children with mild intellectual disability experience self-driving buses. On each bus, a person called "safety driver" monitors the ride and takes control if a problematic situation arises. The purpose is also to investigate what roles support persons and safety drivers play. In addition, the research aims to propose improvements in how the design of these self-driving buses can better motivate children with intellectual disability to use them in support of their agency. To address this, we arranged and studied seven rides on self-driving buses, for 16 children diagnosed to have mild intellectual disability, and their support persons. Interviews with the children were held after the rides, and both the rides and interviews were video recorded.The analysis was in part inductive but also employed a theory based on motivation: self-determination theory. For several children, the bus worked as a vehicle for a social sightseeing tour of the local environment, and the current design did not hinder such an experience. Overall, many of the children had a positive experience, but there is room for improvement regarding the design of the buses. Some children expressed curiosity and a few frustrations with how the bus behaved in traffic. For instance, it was difficult for the children to understand why the bus braked for things that were hard for them to perceive. From observation, it appears that the accompanying support person and safety driver played an important role in making children safe and shaping the social environment on the bus. The support persons were also essential for some children to ride the bus at all. The safety driver provided the children with information about how the bus worked. Both the safety driver and the support person had a positive impact on the children's experience.
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| 3. |
- Antonson, Hans, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Road Salt Damage to Historical Milestones Indicates Adaptation of Winter Roads to Future Climate Change May Damage Arctic Cultural Heritage
- 2021
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Ingår i: Climate. - Basel : MDPI. - 2225-1154. ; 9:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is no doubt that anthropogenic global warming is accelerating damage to cultural heritage. Adaptation measures are required to reduce the loss of sites, monuments and remains. However, little research has been directed towards understanding potential impacts of climate adaptation measures in other governmental sectors on cultural heritage. We provide a case study demonstrating that winter road salt, used to reduce ice related accidents, damages historical iron milestones. As the climate warms, road salt use will move north into areas where sites have been protected by contiguous winter snow cover. This will expose Artic/sub-Arctic cultural heritage, including Viking graves and Sami sites, to a new anthropogenic source of damage. Research and planning should therefore include the evaluation of secondary impacts when choosing climate adaptation strategies.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Performance and presence with head-movement produced motion parallax in simulated driving
- 2015
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 34, s. 54-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driving simulator studies can reveal relevant and valid aspects of driving behavior, but underestimation of distance and speed can negatively affect the driver's performance, such as in performance of overtaking. One possible explanation for the underestimation of distance and speed is that two-dimensional projection of the visual scene disrupts the monocular-based illusory depth because of conflicting binocular and monocular information of depth. A possible solution might involve the strengthening of the monocular information so that the binocular information becomes less potent.In the present study, we used an advanced high-fidelity driving simulator to investigate whether adding the visual depth information of motion parallax from head movement affects sense of presence, judgment of distance and speed, and performance measures coupled with overtaking. The simulations included two types of driving scenario in which one was urban and the other was rural. The main results show no effect of this head-movement produced motion parallax on sense of presence, head movement, time to collision, distance judgment, or speed judgment.However, the results show an effect on lateral positioning. When initiating the overtaking maneuver there is a lateral positioning farther away from the road center as effect of the motion parallax in both types of scenario, which can be interpreted as indicating use of naturally occurring information that change behavior at overtaking. Nevertheless, only showing tendencies of effects, absent is any clear additional impact of this motion parallax in the simulated driving.
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| 6. |
- Flötteröd, Gunnar, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Intensity and severity of ship conflicts : an AIS based approach
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a lack of standardized methods for socio-economic evaluations within the maritime transport sector. This paper presents a model for analysing and quantifying the intensity and severity of ship conflicts using AIS (Automatic Identification System) data and expert assessments. Also, a case study applying the proposed method to the Southern Gothenburg Archipelago is carried out. The goal is to contribute to cost-benefit analyses within the maritime transport sector by a better understanding of how different actions, such as the widening of fairways or new regulation, impact maritime safety. The importance of validating the model by comparing its results with independent sources of reported maritime accidents is emphasized, and the challenges of using existing accident statistics for this purpose is discussed. The basic model described in the paper can be built upon by differentiating parameters by region and vessel type, account for seasonality etc. Furthermore, a downstream consequence analysis model is needed to enable a monetary valuation of (the consequences of) identified conflicts. Finally, the same principles as laid out here for conflict analysis can also be adopted to the identification of groundings.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lundkvist, Erik, Fil Dr, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Relating Competitive Golfers’ Perceived Emotions and Performance
- 2021
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Ingår i: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 128:4, s. 1549-1568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examined relationships between golfers’ self-perceived emotions (e.g., irritability, nervousness, tension), task-oriented coping, perceived control, and performance during a golf competition. We implemented a process-oriented golf analysis in which competitors rated these variables hole-by-hole in a competitive golf round. Within a two-level Bayesian multivariate autoregressive model, we showed that (a) within persons, emotions and task-oriented coping were reactions that stemmed from performance on the previous hole; and (b) between persons, player skill level predicted both better scores and the ability to limit the influence of negative affect on performance. These findings highlight the complex nature of the relationship between emotions and performance. Future studies might use a similarly ecologically valid research design to more precisely measure aspects of time and potentially moderating effects of player skill level and personality. An increased understanding of the dynamic relationship between emotions and performance can promote the development of effective psychological interventions for optimal performance outcomes.
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| 9. |
- Molin, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
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Examining value creation in public sector AI implementation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Electronic Government. - : Springer. - 9783031702730 - 9783031702747 ; , s. 317-333
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public sector AI adoption is rapidly increasing as AI-based solutions are implemented in various domains. These solutions typically address existing problems within the public sector organizations’ core missions and are gener- ally seen as offering opportunities to increase operational quality and efficiency. This is for instance done through augmentation of decision-making processes and case handling activities. However, despite these aspirations, nascent research indi- cates that the anticipated outcomes often fail to materialize. The development and implementation of public sector AI-based solutions is laden with complex techno- logical and legal challenges that often divert attention away from realizing actual business value. Drawing from formal and informal project documentation from a high-profile AI augmentation initiative at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (SIA), we identify five dimensions that illustrate how technological advancement may prosper at the cost of business value realization in public sector AI initiatives.
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| 10. |
- Molin, Antonio, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Examining Value Creation in Public Sector AI Implementation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Cham : Springer. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783031702730 - 9783031702747
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public sector AI adoption is rapidly increasing as AI-based solutions are implemented in various domains. These solutions typically address existing problems within the public sector organizations’ core missions and are generally seen as offering opportunities to increase operational quality and efficiency. This is for instance done through augmentation of decision-making processes and case handling activities. However, despite these aspirations, nascent research indicates that the anticipated outcomes often fail to materialize. The development and implementation of public sector AI-based solutions is laden with complex technological and legal challenges that often divert attention away from realizing actual business value. Drawing from formal and informal project documentation from a high-profile AI augmentation initiative at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (SIA), we identify five dimensions that illustrate how technological advancement may prosper at the cost of business value realization in public sector AI initiatives.
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