| 1. |
- Abbas, Khaled A
(författare)
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Environmentally sustainable transport strategies : the way forward in metropolitan cities
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the conference Traffic Safety on Three Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 780-791
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper is concerned with one of the three requirements of a sustainable transport system, namely the environmental dimension. It starts by presenting components and interactions of the transport and traffic systems using causal diagrams. Generic traffic problems are identified and their causes categorized. A classification of demand and supply-based policies and measures that can be used in designing environmentally sustainable transport strategies is depicted. Such strategies are targeted towards minimizing the generic traffic problems encountered in metropolitan cities, i.e., traffic congestion, accidents, environmental degradation and energy inefficiencies. In this paper, Travel Demand and Land Use Management are considered as two of the basic pillars for designing environmentally sustainable transport strategies. Criteria for comparing demand versus supply-based policies are suggested. These are applied to assess the benefits and limitations of each policy, hence assisting decision makers in the prioritization and choice of such policies.
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| 2. |
- Ahmed, Ishtiaque, et al.
(författare)
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Urban Road Accidents in Dhaka, Bangladesh
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, is the most vulnerable city both in terms of total number of accidents and accident rates. A total number of 2,720 accidents occurred during 2007-2011. This has caused a total of 1,481 numbers of pedestrian fatal accidents with 1,562 pedestrian fatal casualties. The primary objective of the paper is to study the characteristics of the road traffic accidents in Dhaka. The study area for this study is Dhaka Metropolitan Area. The paper focused on a few selected parameters a) Trend in overall accident rates b) Monthly variation of accident rates c) Accidents by severity levels d) Collision types e) Accidents in different lighting conditions. The raw data in the form of Accident Report Forms (ARFs) were collected from Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP). A GIS database was prepared for accidents showing locations and details for the period of 2007-2011. The analysis showed that on an average, the total number of traffic accidents is reduced by 11% each year. No profound effect of weather/season on road accidents is found. Fatal accidents and motor collisions are decreasing while injury accidents are increasing. Most traffic accidents: cause fatality (69%) and hit a pedestrian (60%). Fifty four percept of the accidents occurred during daytime. The paper recommends improvement measures for the road accident data collection and management system in Dhaka, Bangladesh. That includes the training need for the police staff, need for a geo-referenced database for data storage and management and involvement of multiple agencies in the process. This paper also recommends further studies on the extent and characteristics of underreporting of accidents.
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| 3. |
- Assum, Terje, et al.
(författare)
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Accidents Risk and Road Safety Among Immigrants in Norway
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Immigrants make up 13.1 % of the population of Norway in 2012. Immigrant drivers in Norway have considerably higher accident risk, measured as personal-injury accidents per 1000 license holders, than drivers born in Norway. Drivers from the Middle East and Africa have more than twice the accidents risk of drivers born in Norway or immigrant drivers from the western world. Accident risk is calculated using the national registers of road accidents, driver’s licenses and the Norwegian population. Factors which may explain these differences in accident risk were studied by focus group interviews and a questionnaire survey. Language problems, worries about family in the country of origin, attitudes to road traffic rules and driving behavior reflected in the number of road traffic violation fines may contribute to explaining the differences in road accident risk.
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| 4. |
- Choi, Jaisung, et al.
(författare)
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Pedestrian Crashes During Jaywalking : Can we Afford to Overlook?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents"undertitel": Beijing, China. 15-17 May 2013. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 424 traffic fatalities were recorded in Seoul in 2010 and 227 of them (54%) involved pedestrian crashes. Surprisingly, 40% of these pedestrian fatalities occurred whilst pedestrians were jaywalking, implying that one jaywalker got killed every four days in Seoul and precious lives can be saved if effective methods preventing jaywalk crashes are applied. This research proposes such methods. The approach applied in the research includes literature reviews, collection of demographical and vehicle characteristics, as well as geometric features of jaywalk crash sites. Application of statistical analysis and an examination of jaywalk crashes that occurred during past years were also carried out to understand contributing factors. Important findings from the research indicate that crosswalk spacing rules need to be flexible to allow neighboring crosswalks to sit very closely to prevent jaywalking. Human factor analysis showed that high speed drivers over represent in offenders of fatal crashes whilst jaywalking. In terms of pedestrians, the elderly was the vulnerable age group. More pedestrians were hit jaywalking by taxis and buses. Road and environment factors showed both expected and contradictory results when total numbers of lane or dry/icy pavement conditions were subject to analysis. It is expected that our results will be used in discussing pedestrian safety, as well as understanding increased strategies to prevent pedestrian fatalities.
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| 5. |
- Du, Lizhen, et al.
(författare)
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Level of Service of Safety Graded Quantitative Research for Low-Grade Highway Sections
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Level of Service of Safety is a new concept in the field of traffic safety in China and developed countries, it is a quality indicator which is used to describe the road traffic safety situation and roads providing service of traffic safety for traffic participants. Introducing the study status of the Level of Service of Safety in China and developed countries, the definition of the concept, applications and content. In order to objectively evaluate traffic safety performance at low-grade roads, the concept of the level of service of safety for low-grade roads is brought forward, the factors influencing the sections of level of service of safety are analyzed , then linear, the risk of the roadside, traffic volume, the proportion of trucks and 85% speed difference between cars and large vehicles are selected as the evaluations, level of service of safety for the basic sections of low-grade highway is divided into four levels, the grey class whitening function is established to determine the appropriate threshold, Grey Clustering Method is used to evaluate the level of service of safety for low-grade highway sections, and reasonability of the method is validated. The Grey Clustering Method is applied to evaluate traffic safety of actual low-grade highway section, the result shows that the proposed method is reasonable and feasible.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Anne
(författare)
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Action plans for traffic safety : New Danish examples
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the conference Traffic Safety on Three Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 175-185
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper the author introduces different types of action plans for improving traffic safety in Denmark. Mainly, she introduces the National Action Plan for Traffic Safety 2001-20012, which is a successor to the earlier National Action Plan 1989-2000. She next discusses the success they have had in Denmark with Local Traffic Safety Plans, and finally mentions Company Action Plans, a concept they are trying to get some experience with now in Denmark.
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| 7. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Good sound environment in green areas modify road-traffic noise annoyance at home
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Noise Control 2009 (EURONOISE 2009). - uo : Curran Associates, Inc.. ; , s. 1579-1587
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- There has been a growing recognition among noise researchers that natural elements and natural areas of the built environment have potentials to reduce annoyance due to traffic noise. It has been suggested that presence of vegetation (e.g., trees, bushes, grass, flowers) contributes to an aesthetically pleasing environment, which influence overall residential satisfaction and people?s perception of the noise. Other expected benefits of natural elements/areas are prevention or modification of adverse effects of work-, personal-, or environmental stress (e.g., noise) through restoration processes. Within the large TVANE-project, the present study examined the effect of green areas (park or similar at walking distance) on noise responses in residential settings (n=468) exposed to road traffic noise (LAeq,24h 45 to 65 dB). A binary multiple logistic regression analysis, with sound exposure as the prime variable assumed to predict general noise annoyance at home, indicated that presence of green areas, a closer distance to it from the subject?s home, and perceived green-area characteristics (good sound environment, high attractiveness and potentials for recreational activities) significantly lowered noise annoyance. The results suggest that the exposure-response relationship between noise and annoyance is influenced by access to nearby green areas provided that they have good environmental quality, particularly regarding the perceived sound environment
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hu, Han, et al.
(författare)
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Severe Traffic Crash Speaks : Safety Facts From Mountain Roads in China
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- objective to build up a systematic mountain road safety enhancement technology, this study analyses severe traffic crashes from 2006 to 2010 occurred on an inter-regional mountain arterial road network in south China. In order to digest these crash data collected from local traffic police stations, the authors conduct the in-depth crash analysis from the aspect of human, vehicle, road, and management. By developing the definition sets for crash deterministic causing factors judging system, the deterministic causes of severe accidents on mountain roads in China are deeply investigated. Results of our analysis indicate that human factor does weigh the most in the occurrence of the severe crashes; main crash types on mountain roads are running-off road, headon collision, overturned; Almost 76% severe crashes occurred on slope/curve combination sites; and freight car shall be given more attentions in reducing the severe accidents.
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