| 1. |
- Delhomme, Patricia, et al.
(författare)
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Kommunikationskampanjer för trafiksäkerhet : handbok för design, genomförande och utvärdering (förkortad version)
- 2010
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Detta häfte är en förkortad version av CAST-handboken för utformning, genomförande och utvärdering av kommunikationskampanjer om trafiksäkerhet.CAST (Campaigns and Awareness-Raising Strategies in Traffic Safety) är ett riktat forskningsprojekt som stöds av Europeiska kommissionen. Det startades som ett led i kommissionens strävan att förbättra trafiksäkerheten med hjälp av effektivare trafiksäkerhetskampanjer. CAST-projektet, som pågick mellan 2006 och 2009, gällde utveckling av tre verktyg för att ge kampanjmakare praktisk hjälp. Tillsammans ger verktygen tydliga anvisningar för utformning och utvärdering av trafiksäkerhetskampanjer. Verktygen är: - en handbok för utformning, genomförande och utvärdering av trafiksäkerhetskampanjer ; - ett utvärderingsverktyg, avsett att vara till hjälp vid bedömning av kampanjens effektivitet; - ett rapportverktyg, som beskriver hur en fullständig och standardiserad kampanjrapport skrivs.CAST-projektet genomfördes av ett konsortium av 19 partner och samordnades av Belgiens trafiksäkerhetsinstitut (IBSRBIVV). Alla större europeiska organisationer med kunskaper om och erfarenhet av trafiksäkerhetskampanjer medverkade – projektet samlade alltså expertis från hela EU.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Resvanor och inställning till färdmedel i Falu kommun
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To reduce the negative effects of private transportation more people need to travel pro-environmentally. In this report, travel mode choice and the reasons for using different travel modes in the municipality of Falun are described. A travel survey revealed that on average the respondents undertook 3.3 trips a day, and that 64 % used a car for the majority of these trips. Bus, bicycle, and walking accounted for around 10 % of the trips each. The majority of the trips were to and from work, followed by trips to make various purchases. Results from an attitude survey revealed that the respondents had a favourable attitude to bicycles in particular, and also to cars. However, there were a number of circumstances that were perceived to mitigate against cycle usage and entailed an advantage in favour of cars instead. The bus was seen as slightly more negative and the possibility of taking the bus was rated lower than the possibility of using the car. The intention to use the car, the bus and the bicycle was mainly influenced by perceived behavioural control, social norms, and attitude toward the travel mode. In addition, certain background factors, such as driving licence and access to car, were important for the intention to use different travel modes. The results point towards the importance of improving the opportunities to use alternative modes of transport if more car users are to travel pro-environmentally.
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| 3. |
- Forward, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Ungdomars inställning till att ta körkort 2002-2009
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med föreliggande arbete är att öka vår kunskap om vad som påverkar ungdomars körkortstagande underperioden 2002–2009. En enkät skickades ut till ett slumpmässigt urval av ungdomar (17,5 år) i Sverige vid fem separata tillfällen (2002, 2003, 2004, 2006 och 2009). Totalt ingick 6 015 personer i studien. Huvudresultaten av undersökningen visar att majoriteten har för avsikt att ta körkort vid 18–-19 års ålder. Deras främsta motiv för att ta körkort är ökad rörelsefrihet, minskat beroende av andra för sitt resande, att det underlättar fritidsresor och att det ökar deras möjligheter att få arbete. Främsta motiven för att inte ta körkort är tidsbrist och bristande ekonomi. Ett ytterligare viktigt motiv är bilens negativa inverkan på miljön, vilket ökat något över åren. På frågan om grupptryck visar resultaten att ungdomarnas föräldrar i betydligt högre grad än syskon och vänner anser att det är viktigt att de tar körkort. Resultaten visar också att ungdomarna har ett relativt gott självförtroende då det handlar om att klara av bådeuppkörningen och teoriprovet. Tillgång till bil bedöms också vara god, däremot är det inte lika lätt att få hjälp från en handledare. Den teoretiska modellen ”Theory of planned behaviour” förklarar ungdomars beteende och intentioner med avseende på körkortstagande vid en tidig ålder på ett tillfredställande sätt. Slutligen analyserades vad som kunde göra det lättare för ungdomar att ta körkort. Resultaten visar att det främst handlar om den egna självbilden, vilken i detta fall är kopplat till om de tror att de kan klara av det praktiska provet.
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| 4. |
- Nuruzzaman, Robin, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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AI ur ett humanistiskt och samhällsvetenskapligt perspektiv
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I det här projektet, Artificiell intelligens ur ett humanistiskt och samhällsvetenskapligt perspektiv, har fyra delstudier genomförts för att förstå vilka konsekvenser för samhället som utvecklingen av AI och maskininlärning (ML) för med sig och vilka behov av framtida forskning det finns. I studien ingick två olika litteraturstudier, en dokumentanalys och intervjuer. Den första litteraturstudien fokuserade på etik, risker och nyttor och den andra på policy, planering, användare, och samspel mellan människa och maskin. Syftet med dokumentanalysen av nationella policy- och planeringsdokument i Sverige var att undersöka hur beslutsfattare ser på AI. Intervjuerna genomfördes med potentiella användare för att få en förståelse för hur de ser på teknikutvecklingen och för att testa hur användare kan studeras inom detta område.Resultatet från de fyra delstudierna visar att AI/ML-system i allt högre grad kommer att ha en djupgående inverkan på hur vår framtid utformas, från regering och politik, genom industri och arbete, till våra personliga och sociala rum. Vi måste därför se till att den nya smarta tekniken gagnar mänskligheten och inte vice versa. För att lyckas med detta behöver AI styras sociopolitiskt, i termer av vart vi vill gå, snarare än hur snabbt vi kan komma dit.
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| 5. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Dangerous use of mobile phones and other communication devices while driving : A toolbox of counter-measures
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of mobile phone and similar devices while driving has been a topic of discussion and research for several years. It is now an established fact that driving performance is deteriorated due to distraction but no clear conclusions can yet be drawn concerning influence on crash rates. Better studies on this relationship is needed. Most countries in Europe and many countries elsewhere have introduced different types of bans for handheld devices. Sweden has, however, no such bans. VTI was commissioned by the Swedish Government to outline possible means to reduce the dangerous usage of mobile phones and other communication devices while driving as alternatives to banning. This task was a result of a previous VTI-state-of-the-art review of research on mobile phone and other communication device usage while driving. One of the findings in the review was that bans on handheld phones did not appear to reduce the number of crashes.Eighteen different countermeasures in three main areas were suggested. (1) Technical solutions such as countermeasures directed towards the infrastructure, the vehicle and the communication device. (2) Education and information, describing different ways to increase knowledge and understanding among stakeholders and different driver categories. (3) Different possibilities for how society, industry and organisations can influence the behaviour of individuals, via policies, rules, recommendations and incentives. Our conclusion is that a combination of different countermeasures is needed – where education and information to the drivers are combined with support and incentives for a safe usage of different communication devices.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Alfred, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating a Mobility Service Application for Business Travel: Lessons Learnt from a Demonstration Project
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:3, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Business travel contributes to significant greenhouse gas emissions, and there is a need for measures that reduce the demand for trips made with energy-intensive means of transport. In this study, a mobility service application (MSA) introduced in 13 Swedish organisations was tested and evaluated to facilitate booking and handling of business trips, in particular public transport. A before and after study consisting of surveys and interviews with employees at the organisations were conducted. The results show that the MSA was mostly used for regional and local public transport trips, and the users stated that the MSA made it easier to travel by public transport, although this particular result should be seen as tentative due to the small sample size. Three factors that influence the success of a new MSA as a means to increase sustainable business trips were identified: management control and proactiveness; perceived improvement of intervention; functions and technical sufficiency. The results also highlight the need to establish organisational conditions that facilitate sustainable business travel, such as coherent travel policy, accessibility to sustainable modes of transport, and a culture that encourages environmentally friendly behaviour. The study suggests improvements that can be made to similar interventions and strategies that can be introduced to promote sustainable business travel.
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| 7. |
- Antov, Dago, et al.
(författare)
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European road users' risk perception and mobility : the SARTRE 4 survey
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The SARTRE (Social Attitudes to Road Traffic Risk in Europe) project started in 1991. It consists of a European wide survey about knowledge of road traffic laws and road traffic risks, attitudes regarding road safety issues, reported road traffic behaviours, transport habits and needs in several European countries. Various topics related to road safety are in the focus of the project such as alcohol, drugs, or phone use while driving, speeding, use of advanced driver assistance systems and the transport infrastructure and environment.
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| 8. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Seat belt usage in buses : An observation study of usage and travellers’ perspectives
- 2022
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Ingår i: Road Safety on Five Continents – RS5C. Proceedings. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 94-95
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Travelling by bus is one of the safest modes of transport. However, crashes still happen and studies have found that the most severe crashes are related to rollovers, mainly on rural roads. The most severe injuries occur when unbuckled passengers are thrown out through the windows or get stuck under the bus. In Sweden the use of a seat belt and information about seat belt use when traveling by bus is regulated in Traffic Ordinance (1998: 1276) Chapter 4 §10a. In short, all bus passengers three years or older should be seated in a place with a seat belt, if there is such a place, and should use the belt. If there is no seat belt available, it is allowed to stand in the bus (if the bus is approved for standing places). The legal responsibility to inform and make sure passengers under 15 use the belt are on the bus driver. Despite existing regulations there is no clear view on the usage rate of seat belt in buses, or on the travellers’ view of their own usage and the reasons to not buckle up. This study aims to evaluate seat belt usage in buses and to understand travellers’ incentives of seatbelt usage.
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| 9. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Seat belt usage in buses : An observation study of usage and travellers' perspectives
- 2023
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to evaluate seat belt usage in buses and to understand travellers' incentives of seat belt usage. Methods used are observational studies (10 cities, with 328 bus observations), focus group discussion (7 groups with a total of 32 participants) and a web survey (n = 1737 respondents). The results show that the seat belt use among bus passengers can be improved especially in regional and commercial bus traffic. It is more common to buckle up on long trips than on short trips. However, even though observations show high usage during long trips, travellers report that they remove the seat belt after a while if they want to sleep or for comfort reasons. For the bus drivers it is not possible to control passengers' usage. Dirty seat belts and technical malfunction might deter some passengers from using them and therefore systematic cleaning and control of seats and belts are recommended. On short trips one reason for not using the belt is related to worries about getting stuck and not being ready to get off in time. In general, it is most important to increase the usage on high-speed roads (>60 km/ h), in lower speed it might be more important to provide a seat for each passenger. Based on the results a list of recommendations is presented.
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| 10. |
- Berg, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Unga på moped : en studie av riskgrupper och riktade polisinsatser för att motverka trimning
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Unrestricted or so-called trimmed mopeds and speeding are experienced as an increasing traffic safety problem. There is a risk of an increased number of seriously injured and casualties among adolescents as a consequence of the increased number of mopeds found in traffic today and the higher speeds they are driven at. One common police action to reduce trimming is to follow the moped riders who are suspected of altering their vehicles. This can lead to "chase situations" which increase the risk to both moped riders and fellow road-users. One purpose of this report is to study the effects of an alternative way of working with the moped problems by the police in four different towns and by interviews, observations and a questionnaire study broaden our knowledge about attitudes to moped riding and trimming among youths. The results showed that the efforts of the police in the experiment towns had not had any effect on the attitudes and the points of view of the youths towards traffic safety. One possible reason for this is that the method used is too new and that it was not extensive enough. Parents have an effect on the attitude of the youths towards trimming. The parents of those who trim seem to have a more tolerant attitude towards trimming. The results from the questionnaire study show that those that had driven but do not a moped but did not have av moped of their own, as well as those who have a trimmed moped of their own were more positive towards taking risks in traffic, would consider driving at faster speeds and had more experience of traffic offenses. In addition, they are of the opinion that parents, friends and fellow roadusers find it acceptable to exceed the speed limits. Furthermore, these two groups were not as involved in organised leisure activities as the other two groups, their parents were not as strict, grades were not considered as important and they indicated to a greater degree that attending school is difficult or boring. Based on this study, it can be concluded that trimming is not an isolated behaviour but related to a certain lifestyle. In order to reduce trimming an increased understanding of those mechanisms which determine the behaviour of the target groups are needed as well as improved methods to detect trimming. Qualitative studies could be used to discuss the problem with parents, youths and those living in special residential areas where the problem is experienced as being widespread. It might also be interesting to analyse incoming calls/complaints to police communication centres and evaluate the effects police work has on the number of trimmed mopeds over a period of time.
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