| 1. |
- Högberg, Dan, et al.
(author)
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Representing the elderly in digital human modelling
- 2008
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In: The 40th annual Nordic Ergonomic Society Conference, NES 2008, Reykjavík, Iceland, August 11-13.. - Kópavogur : Vinnuvistfræðifélag Íslands.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Digital human modelling (DHM) tools have been introduced in industry, mainly in automotive, aerospace and industrial engineering, to facilitate a proactive and efficient consideration of ergonomics in the design process. The employment of DHM tools in the health care sector calls for customisation work to be carried out in order to make the tools fit the design activities. The human model, i.e. the computer manikin, needs to be modified since it has the characteristics and appearance of an able healthy young or middle-aged human, but the resident or patient is frequently an elderly person with impairments of some kind. This paper suggests concepts and structures for assigning the computer manikins characteristics of the elderly. These changes are made by the modification of anthropometric and joint range of motion data in the DHM tool, and by assigning narrative descriptions to themanikins and more age-corresponding appearances. The objective is to define a manageable number of representative manikins that will support a proactive and user-centred design process in the health care industry, and in other types of design processes for the elderly, or in an inclusive design context.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Empowering resilient crisis response training through purposefully designed boundary objects in a simulation-gaming exercise approach : Supporting ad-hoc team interaction
- 2021
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In: ECCE 2021. - New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450387576 ; , s. 1-6
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on experiences of creating resilience-empowering simulation-gaming exercises concerning disruptions in the payment system. The aim of the exercises was to utilize gaming-simulation as a training environment where teams of practitioners can learn to develop in-depth understanding of systemic interaction (i.e., cascading effects of disruptions) and learn how to develop collaborative resilience across many different critical infrastructures. Interaction between different stakeholders in the payment system, such as business owners, banks, municipality crisis managers are considered as the foundation for building collaborative resilience. Designing the exercises in such a way that they encourage and support such interactions are therefore seen as a primary design goal. This paper describes lessons learned from the process of conducting the 17 exercises in terms of creating a well-balance simulation and an immersive experience.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Ulf-Göran, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Competence Clusters for Virtual Information Service
- 2006
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In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Technology Supported Learning & Training. - Berlin : Online Educa.
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Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- In Sweden there is one consortium for virtual references for each public and research library. The research libraries’ service Librarian On Duty, which uses VRLplus, is a pedagogical service where the patron gets a personal guidance by a librarian via chat and co-browsing. Librarian On Duty is more of a general resource than a specialist one. This means that very specialised questions may not be answered directly, but instead be directed to the most suitable librarian. Depending on the patron’s requirements, the librarian on duty can transfer the question to a colleague at the same library or to another library within the consortia. Librarian on Duty is already in use by half of Sweden’s research libraries.The corresponding service for the public libraries, Ask the Library, is a virtual reference service with many years of experience, the e-mail service was started already in 1995, and now consists of 36 libraries that answer e-mail questions and 14 of these libraries also take part in a chat service. To make a whole new collaboration between and within the consortia possible, the public libraries will change systems to VRLplus, i.e. the same system that is used by the research libraries.A new model for collaborationBy organizing in two consortia, using the same software, there is a possibility for the two organizational types to develop a whole new model for collaboration. This new model implies that each organization could have its own local installation to give service to their local users in the first hand. Each organization participates in the national or international consortias where there is a collaboration to give service around the clock.The new possibilities for cooperation mean that each organization, by using the systems bridge between the consortias, can define new collaborative partners on a national or international basis and thus create whole new virtual information services. These new services may consist of university and research organizations and governmental institutions within a region, e.g. ”Ask Scandinavia”, or be built by competence. It may also be a subject-based cooperation within a European Union area, e.g. ”Ask ECDC”. Other examples may include cooperation between different competences and professions, e.g. “Ask EUROPE DIRECT”.This means increased possibilities for specialization and development, and whole new collaborative constellations between libraries and other community-based services can emerge while still maintaining the basic responsibility for the local users. This is enabled by a tool that is under constant development.The leading ideas to make this a successful service are:- Guidance suited to the needs of the questioner- Creative reference and information work- Competence development for the information professionals- Rationalisation of scarce resources- Higher quality of information services, both off and on campus
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Runesson, Ulla
(author)
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Reducing or opening up for complexity? : The paradox of how to facilitate student learning
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of the 33rd Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. - : Aristotle University of Thessaloniki & University of Macedonia. - 9789602436578 ; 5, s. 25-32
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In what ways could teachers' attempts to make mathematics understandable and easy to learn affect how the topic to be learned is handled in the classroom? From the point of departure of two Learning studies - a collaborative work among teachers aiming at exploring and developing what is made possible to learn in the classroom - I describe how the teachers' good will to facilitate learning by reducing complexity had an un-expected effect. It is also described how the teachers successively got to know that aspects of the object of learning, either taken for granted or deliberately avoided by the teachers, were necessary for learning. Two studies - teaching and learning to convert sentences into algebraic expressions and addition and substraction with negative numbers respectively - are reported.
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| 7. |
- Cregård, Anna, et al.
(author)
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A critique on physicians as managers in the healthcare sector : coping with contradictions in managerial and medical logics
- 2012
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the healthcare sector the physicians more and more often become managers, in Sweden as well as in many other countries. This is a global trend, which is motivated by better quality, higher efficiency and an increased possibility to control professional actors in the organization. Managing professions are perceived as difficult for many reasons and the appointment of physicians as managers is supposed to solve this problem. Our aim is to critically discuss the appointment of physicians on traditional management positions in healthcare sector and what it might result in. We recognize that there are positive effects, but they do not align with the rhetoric concerning these appointments. We also discuss an alternative way of organizing the management of professionals in healthcare organizations. We use two theoretical concepts to discuss this phenomenon: principles of control and shift in trust. The concepts are used to categorize and analyze our empirical data, which consist of deep interviews with 15 physicians and nurses, five focus groups consisting of physicians (managers) and five texts on the relationship between politics, administration and professions, written by physicians (managers) in management training. We also develop the concepts of medical and managerial logics. Our respondents recognize the principles of control as rational, and they perceive them as important. But there are contradictions between medical and managerial logics. The management discourse alter the care and raises questions they themselves cannot answer, for example “Is it right to treat people who themselves are responsible for their sickness”? They also discuss medical concepts as being altered, for example the course of treatment being completed. Nowadays the concepts concern strictly medical issues, which is not necessarily good in a health perspective. The shift in trust concerns four levels: the trust between individuals, between professional groups, between organizational levels and between the whole society and the healthcare system. For example the respondents mean that the staff sometimes are questioning if the physician as a manager have enough medical day-to-day practice, and there are examples where the staff try to steer away complicated surgery from their superior. The staff also question if he or she is competent enough in management. Another example is that there is a risk of a decrease in trust in the healthcare system as a whole. Gains and losses are described in monetary terms, and the business language is not recognised as appropriate in this kind of organization. In our conclusions we discuss that there are a chance that appointing physicians on administrative assignments might bring the ears of the colleagues, increased transparency in the everyday care and perhaps a better understanding of overall decisions. But there are also some negative effects and risks – which we discuss using the concepts of medical and managerial logics. Appointing physicians as managers result in two contradicting logics pressed into one individual, who are supposed to handle the contradictions on an individual basis. For example, this means that the principles of ethics will collide with a different rhetoric – from the rationality of medical logics (with equivalence principle and loyalty to the patient) to the rationality of business logics (with cost minimization, production maximization and loyalty to the organization). We summarize the risks below. —Risk 1: When the physician loses skill, or perceived as less competent than earlier, there will be consequences for both the physician and the patient.—Risk 2: When trust in the physician manager decreases, he/she will not gain support by other physicians.—Risk 3: When the trust between different levels, groups and individuals in the organization decreases, it will also decrease for care in general.—Risk 4: When important values in the service domain are pushed aside, this will favour the values in the administrative domain (efficiency over quality). Finally we discuss other ways of handling uncontrollable professional organizations, for example by refining administrative and medical roles, by establishing medical management as a speciality within medical education, and by re-strengthen the medical logic. Most important is to alter and nuance the discourse around physicians as managers.
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| 8. |
- Cregård, Anna, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Educating in field visits : Creating images of work
- 2013
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In: NFF 2013, Reykjavik, Track 2.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The private sector as well as the public sector seeks qualified personnel who are motivated to work in the areas of administration and management. For example, students who have been educated as controllers, purchasing agents and managers are much sought after. Thus, public and private sector organizations are interested in connecting to students who want to study business administration, management and public administration. One goal of such organizations is to encourage students to study particular business areas, especially financial and administrative areas. In this paper, we discuss the possibilities for bridging the gap between education’s theoretical knowledge and management’s practical knowing. As the locus for this discussion, we use the field visit in which students meet with managers at work and acquire images of work. Our empirical data were obtained from field visits that students from two Swedish university programs took. We present this data as two case studies. As part of the experience, the students’ classroom lecturer and several representatives from the visited organizations made presentations to the students. The students in the first case made a series of field visits to retail stores. The students in the second case visited the accounting department at local government offices. We found that students generally enjoy seeing and discussing actual work sites away from the university. They are interested in learning about organizations where they might work after graduation. The visited organizations also find these field visits of value. These visits, through the translation process of the student-manager interaction, attempt to bridge theory and practice. One consequence of such visits, not examined closely in the literature, is that this interaction significantly influences the students’ images of work. Students become familiar with image-creating words such as enthusiasm, personnel issues, responsibility and an opportunity to influence.
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| 9. |
- Despeisse, Mélanie, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Achieving Circular and Efficient Production Systems : Emerging Challenges from Industrial Cases
- 2021
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In: Advances in Production Management Systems. Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable and Resilient Production Systems. - Cham : Springer. - 1868-4238 .- 1868-422X. - 9783030859091 - 9783030859121 - 9783030859107 ; , s. 523-533
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As the need for more responsible production and consumption grows quickly, so does the interest in the concepts of eco-efficiency and circularity. To make swift progress towards sustainability, solutions must be developed and deployed at scale. It is therefore critical to understand the challenges faced by industry to accelerate the uptake of best practices for circular and efficient production systems. This paper presents the emerging issues from three industrial pilots in an on-going collaborative project. We discuss and suggest further work around crucial questions such as: How to deploy circular solutions from lab to industrial scale? How can digitalization support efficient circular processes?.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Erik, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Post-New Public Management in Public Healthcare: Recycled, Hybridized, Paradigmatic?
- 2019
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In: British Academy of Management (BAM) 2019 Conference. - : British Academy of Management.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New Public Management (NPM) is increasingly used pejoratively and claimed unfit for the complex challenges in contemporary societies, for example aging population structures and, as a result, increased number of cancer patients. Consequently, post-NPM gains increased attention. Drawing from a longitudinal case in Swedish cancer care, the present article seeks to pinpoint post-NPM in public healthcare practice. It is revealed that some post-NPM aspects are recycled by combining traditional public administration (pre-NPM) and NPM aspects: the former’s re-professionalisation is combined with the latter’s foci on performance measures, decentralisation, and accountability. Other post-NPM aspects are hybridizing typical NPM aspects with new (post-NPM) aspects: for instance, customer-focus is taken further to include the patient’s active participation in co-designing services, and standardization is reinterpreted to concern meeting-places rather than efficiency. Yet other aspects are replacing NPM shortcomings: for instance, trust is replacing control, and a systems approach is replacing the intra-organisational focus
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