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- Lunde, Carolina, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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”What people tell you gets to you”. On the links between peer victimization and adolescents’ body image concerns
- 2011
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Ingår i: 15th European Conference on Developmental Psychology, program book.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reports of peer victimization peak in early adolescence. This is also a time in life when the body and physical appearance become important for how adolescents feel about themselves. Body image, referring to feelings, thoughts and opinions toward one’s physical appearance, thus become increasingly critical for emotional well-being and psychological functioning. Indeed, individual body image is shaped in interaction with other people – your social interactions are a looking glass for how you come to view and evaluate yourself. But what if your social interactions are repeatedly negative and hostile, communicating that important others (e.g., peers) may not like you the way you are? In this oral presentation, we will argue that it is important to learn more about body image in the context of peer victimization. Four empirical studies on the links between peer victimization and adolescents’ body image concerns will be presented. The studies rely on cross-sectional, longitudinal, and qualitative data deriving from a large sample of young Swedish adolescents. With these studies we offer support for peer victimization being closely enmeshed with adolescents’ body image concerns. In sum, being subjected to peer victimization in the advent of adolescence may have serious and withstanding consequences for how individuals relate to their physical appearance, and to their bodies.
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| 4. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents’ Experiences of Cybervictimization and Body-related Concerns
- 2021
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Ingår i: Digitalt på WABF, 2021 webbsida.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research so far indicate that adolescent’s that are victims of cyberbullying also struggle with poor body image. However, since previous research on the connection between cyberbullying and body concerns has focused solely on body image little is known about the relationship between cyberbullying and other body concerns. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the relationships between cybervictimization and three body-related concerns: body-esteem, self-objectification, and internalization of body ideals (Frisén & Berne, 2020). The aim was also to examine these relationships not only to cybervictimization in general but also to appearance-related cybervictimization more specifically. The sample comprised 482 adolescents (233 girls and 247 boys; aged 13-15) from four Swedish schools. The results showed that 20.5% of the participants reported being the victim of cyberbullying directed at their appearance. Victims of appearance-related cyberbullying suffered from more body-related concerns: they had a poorer view of their general appearance and of their weight. They also reported more body shame, thin-ideal internalization, and appearance-related pressure from the media. A novel finding was also that body-related concerns were not related to cyberbullying in general, as has been implied in earlier research, but specifically related to cyberbullying directed at the victim’s appearance. The findings from this study can be used when developing preventions and interventions since it shows that victims of appearance-related cyberbullying suffer from the double burden of both struggling with victimization and also struggling with a range of body concerns. Frisén, A. & Berne, A. (2020). Swedish adolescents’ experiences of cybervictimization and body‐related concerns. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61 (1), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12561
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| 5. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents´view on how different criteria define cyberbullying
- 2011
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Ingår i: Symposium on the 15 th European Conference on Developmental Psychology, 23-27 August 2011-Bergen_Norway.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. This study aims to explore how Swedish adolescents view different criteria from traditional bullying in relation to cyberbullying: intentionality, repetition, and imbalance of power. Additionally, it examines criteria that are specific to cyberbullying: public versus private, and anonymity. Methods. Forty-eight adolescents, age 12 and 15, participated in 8 focus groups, divided by gender and age. Results. The focus groups showed that adolescents consider the criteria of intentionality, repetition, and imbalance of power different in cyberbullying compared to traditional bullying. Furthermore, the respondents considered the criteria public versus private, and anonymity as unique to cyberbullying. We found that the criterion of imbalance of power differs in cyberbullying regarding the tendency to retaliate. The adolescents claimed some victims of cyberbullying dared retaliate on the Internet, in contrast to traditional bullying, where victims are unable to defend themselves. “If a person has been bullied she/he could retaliate on Internet” (twelve year old boy). On the subject of intentionality: the fact that you cannot observe the person behind the screen makes it difficult to understand the intention. Some adolescents however, were of the opinion that it is easy to understand when a comment/picture is a joke and when it is aggressive. This also relates to a characteristic unique of cyberbullying: anonymity; the respondents thought the impact worse if the victim is unsure of the cyberbully’s identity. The adolescents found repetition different in cyberbullying with regards to photo/video clip harassment; e.g. embarrassing photo/video clips could be uploaded to a webpage where each visit might be counted as part of the repetitive act. The criteria public versus personal became a recurring topic where participants experienced a bigger problem when many people accessed embarrassing material on the Internet than if the target was the only recipient. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that, adolescents consider the criteria of intentionality, repetition and, imbalance of power different in cyberbullying compared to traditional bullying. The criteria public versus private and, anonymity were described as unique to cyberbullying.
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| 6. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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I would tell my mum and dad-Cyberbullying amongst Swedish fourth graders and their suggested ways to stop it
- 2011
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Ingår i: Abstract Book, ADOLESCENTS AND SOCIAL MEDIA: GUIDELINES AND COPING STRATEGIES FOR CYBERBULLYING, COST IS0801 3rd Workshop, University of Turku, Department of Nursing Science, 13.05.2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most research on coping strategies against cyberbullying has been conducted on children aged 11 and upwards (e.g. Smith et al. 2008, Aricak et al. 2008). Few cybervictims “tells an adult” and their most common way to deal with it is to use “technical solutions” to protect themselves (e.g. Dehue et al. 2008, Smith et al. 2008). Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cyberbullying amongst Swedish fourth graders (10-years old) and their suggested strategies for coping with cyberbullying. Additionally it examines differences between the suggestions given by cybervictims and non cybervictims. Methods: One survey with 105 fourth graders from 7 schools. Results: The results show that 15, 2 % of the children reported being the target of cyberbullying on one or two occasion and 4, 8 % more often (two or three times per month or once per week). 72, 6 % of the cybervictims reported that they had “told an adult” about the event(s). The most often suggested strategy (61 % of all responses) was “telling an adult”. Cybervictims were less likely to suggest “telling an adult” compared to non cybervictims. 26, 3 % of the pupils recommended “confronting the bully”. Few children suggested “technical solutions” (5, 1 %). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that cyberbullying does exist as early as in fourth grade. The most frequently suggested ways of stopping cyberbullying was “telling an adult” or “confronting the bully”. Cybervictims were less likely to suggest “telling an adult” compared to non victims. Only a few children suggested using “technical solutions”. Practical Implications: This study should promote further research to include this age group. The result that the most common ways of stopping cyberbullying was “telling an adult” point out that adults must know how and when to give help when asked
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| 7. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Negative appearance related comments on the internet - A form of cyberbullying
- 2013
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Ingår i: 16th European Conference on Developmental Psychology Lausanne, September 3-7, 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background. We found in a previous study that many pupils believed that cyberbullying often is directed at the victim’s appearance, especially when girls are cybervictims (Frisén, Berne, & Lunde, in press). Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate what kind of negative appearance related comments pupils receive on the internet and in what forums. Method. Fifty-one pupils, age 10 and 15, participated in 8 focus groups, divided by gender and age. Results. The results showed that many of the pupils often received negative appearance related comments. The most common forums for negative appearance related comments where different social networking sites, such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Chats and Blogs. Girls reported that they were more likely than boys to receive negative appearance related comments. However, many boys were also targeted. Concerning what kind of negative appearance related comments the pupils received on the internet, several of the pupils reported that they received negative comments about their weight and especially obesity. This can be illustrated by one of the ten year old girl’s examples of comments you might get on the internet: “skinny, you should eat more, we don´t want to see you”, or “hi fatso, lose weight”. Another recurring theme mentioned by the pupils was that the negative comments concerned their clothes and make up. It was also common that facial features (e.g., nose and teeth) on uploaded photos were commented in various maliciously ways. Conclusion. This study showed that many of the pupils received negative appearance related comments about their appearance and body, especially about their weight, clothes and make up. The most common places for these comments where different social networking sites. Reference Frisén, A., Berne, S., & Lunde, C. (in press). Cybervictimization and body esteem: Experiences of Swedish children and adolescents. European Journal of Developmental Psychology.
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| 8. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Youths´ experience of aggressive interaction through mobile phone and Internet
- 2010
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Ingår i: The always -on-generation: Risk and benefits of new technologies Florence, 21 October 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Youths´ experience of aggressive interaction through mobile phone and Internet Sofia Berne, Anne Haglind & Ann Frisén Psychology of department, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Aim: The aim of this study was to explore if Swedish youths experience interaction through mobile phone and Internet as more aggressive then interaction face-to-face; if so what reasons they see for this. Methods: Eight focus groups were held with 12 and 15 years old Swedish youths. Forty eight adolescents´ participated in the study. Results: The result show that Swedish youth experience interaction through mobile phone and Internet as more aggressive than in real life. The focus groups interviews also show that revenge, negotiating power, social status and invisibility were important reasons for why interaction in cyber space becomes aggressive. The tendency to take revenge is one major reason for being aggressive in cyber space according to the youths. Participants made statements about how the parties involved at times might retaliate towards each other, neither wanting to give in, creating an escalating circle of aggression. The intent to maintain or gain a higher social position was another reason for negotiating according to the youths. The youths mentioned that the person who has the best ability to send quick, aggressive comments and who do not “give up” is seen as the one who has the most power and social status in cyber space. The invisibility of self and other was a further reason youths talked about. Several informants spoke about that the invisibility in cyber space makes you feel more safe from the others retaliation. The discussion in the focus groups indicated that sometimes the aggressive behaviour becomes cyberbullying. The youths implied that in the context of cyberbullying, revenge is a way of coping when they are bullied. The respondents also reported that some victims in traditional bullying dare to retaliate on the Internet when they are not seen and do not see the other person. Conclusions: The focus groups revealed that interaction in cyber space is more aggressive than face to face between youths. The focus groups interviews also revealed that revenge, negotiating power, social status and invisibility were important reasons of why interaction in cyber space might become more aggressive than face to face interaction.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A Longitudinal Examination of Identity Status Interview Narratives: How Stable is Stable?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 14th biennial conference of European association for research on adolescence. September 3-6, 2014, Çeşme, Izmir, Turkey..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Longitudinal examination of identity status interview narratives: How stable is stable? The purpose of this research was to investigate how individuals maintain and develop their identities across time, and to identify processes that might prevent identity development. The research aimed to investigate aspects of identity development that are not captured by identity status codings, by focusing on individuals who did not change identity status between measuring points. The identity status interview (Marcia, Waterman, Mattesson, Archer, & Orlofsky, 1993) was performed with 124 Swedes, at age 25 (Frisén & Wängqvist, 2011) and at age 29. Individuals who were stable in committed identity statuses (identity achievement or foreclosure; n=55), and individuals who were stable in uncommitted identity statuses (moratorium or identity diffusion; n= 8), were studied in two separate analyses. Differences and similarities between interview narratives from both interview occasions were summarized, separately for each individual. Inductive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was applied to these summaries. The analysis of identity narratives from individuals in committed identity statuses resulted in a model that suggests that identity development among these individuals may be understood in terms of the deepening or weakening of three dimensions: approach to changing life conditions, meaning making, and development of personal life direction. Interview narratives from individuals assigned to the same uncommitted identity status at both ages were analyzed in a similar way. A combination of deductive and inductive approaches was used, as this allowed both testing of the model derived from the analysis of individuals in committed identity statuses, and for the model to be expanded beyond this original form. The results from this analysis showed that only the dimension meaning making could be applied to individuals assigned to the same uncommitted identity status. The other two dimensions from the first analysis were revised to fit this new group. In addition to the model, the Interview narratives for individuals with uncommitted identity status included elements of procrastination of exploration and commitment-making, problems integrating different identity domains, elements of dismissing available alternatives without choosing anything, and difficulties with more complex reasoning. The study indicates that continued identity development is one of the key processes through which an established sense of identity can be maintained. Moreover, the study identified processes that might prevent identity development among individuals repeatedly assigned to uncommitted identity statuses. In conclusion, the model that derived from this study captures some aspects of identity development among individuals who are repeatedly assigned to the same identity status.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging Adult Parents’ Coordination of Work and Family Commitments
- 2015
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 7th Conference on Emerging Adulthood. October 14-16, 2015, Miami, FL, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It has been proposed that the evaluation and coordination of commitments in different areas of life, such as work and family, becomes an important developmental task in late emerging adulthood (e.g., Pals, 1999). In the present study we explore how this coordination takes place by investigating how 33 (23 women) Swedish parents in late emerging adulthood reason around priorities between work and family. The participants took part in a semi-structured interview concerning their attitudes towards work/family priorities. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the material (Braun & Clarke, 2006). When describing their work/family priorities most parents talked about family as being more important than work, but many also talked about a strive for work/family balance. A small group said that work and family were equally important, but none of the participants said that they prioritized work over family. However, the results showed that wanting to prioritize family had different consequences for how different participants organized their work life. Most participants talked about how they were simply working their “regular hours”. Some, but not all, of these participants thought that working regular hours meant that their children had to spend too many hours in daycare, and some of them expressed a wish to work part time. A smaller group of participants (only women) work part time. These participants often talked about wanting to downshift and spend time with their children. In contrast, some participants talked about working long hours and putting in a lot of overtime. These participants often explained how this choice was a way for them to prioritize their family. For example, they talked about how working long hours would benefit their family financially or give them other advantages. Many participants said that their view of work/family priorities had changed when they became parents. Some of these participants said that before becoming parents they had thought that it would not be so difficult to combine work and family as it later turned out to be. Some also said that before becoming parents they had not thought much about work/family issues at all, or that their career had been more important to them before they became parents. A smaller group of participants also talked about how they expected, or had already experienced, that their view on work/family priorities would change during parenthood. For example, when their child got older and more independent they would be able to engage more in their work life. In conclusion, this study indicates that to prioritize family before work is normative among emerging adult Swedish parent, but that doing so can mean very different things to different people. Moreover, the results show that when emerging adults become parents work/family priorities is often a more pressing issue than it was before. This suggests that the transition to parenthood requires young people to negotiate their commitments in different life areas in relation to the new social realities of adult life.
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