| 1. |
- Uhr, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Once upon a time in Västmanland : the power of narratives or how the “truth” unfolds
- 2016
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Ingår i: ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings. - : ISCRAM. - 2411-3387. - 9788460879848
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2014 a small fire started in a forest in central Sweden. Within a few days it developed into the largest wildfire in Sweden in the last 50 years. As the scale of the fire increased, so did the need for direction and coordination of the resources engaged in the response operation. Both official investigators and the research community have studied the challenges and come up with recommendations for improvements of the Swedish crisis management system. All authors of this paper have been involved in such efforts. This paper is a result of us trying to formulate lessons learnt based on several written reports and official discussions. The development of the narratives constructed by individuals involved in the response, investigators and researchers is analyzed. We conclude that researchers need to pay attention to their own role in this development. Maybe there is a need for a game changer on the methodological side?
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| 2. |
- Carlerby, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Sensor C2 in a future operational environment : a suggestion for an experimental study
- 2019
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Ingår i: 24th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (ICCRTS). - : International Command and Control Institute.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a future and data-intensive operating environment, threats can be assumed to vary considerably. One example of such threats is missiles that can achieve speeds of Mach 5 and above. To handle this type of threat alone, it implies at least two things. First, that a suitable operational picture is provided that take account for future long distance threats. Second, it is likely that it will be even more important to be able to collect, filter, process and understand relevant data to make priorities and make proper decisions under short time conditions. Third, when considering threats by cyberwarfare, these threats can be considered as conducted in the speed of light. This, in summary, will probably suppose an efficient and dynamic command and control (C2) of available and different types of sensors, from directly controlled to sensors guided by artificial intelligence (AI), on a future battlefield. In this paper, we propose an experimental study to investigate from which levels of sensor C2 that can be centralised, decentralised, or a combination thereof, and which seems to be sufficient to be able to in time respond to threats in a geographically and by information enlarged operating environment.
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| 3. |
- Carlerby, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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The lack of convergence between C2 theory and practice
- 2017
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Ingår i: The 22<sup><em>nd </em></sup>International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium. - 9780999724606 ; , s. 1-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to discuss and make conclusions from more than 15 years research within the field of C 2 and what possible impact that has been accomplished. The point of departure is accordingly a paper presented just after the shift of the millennium where the possible impact of novel ideas and technologies for command and control (C2), such as the network centric approach and radical views on the design of command posts were in focus. Some of the fundamental ideas of what was in vogue at the time was questioned and the “old” was put in contrast with the “new.” Looking back, our thoughts as well as other contributors from that time, and the progression of theory within the field of C2, we suggest that we are at a status quo. What actually has been achieved, may be the worst of the two straw men worlds that where suggested at the time. We suggest that it is necessary to: 1) further develop adaptive approaches to the organization and conduct of military operations, 2) develop enabling instead of controlling technologies, 3) switch focus from structure to function, 4) develop tools for assessing adaptive capacity in sociotechnical systems.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Empowering resilient crisis response training through purposefully designed boundary objects in a simulation-gaming exercise approach : Supporting ad-hoc team interaction
- 2021
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Ingår i: ECCE 2021. - New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450387576 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on experiences of creating resilience-empowering simulation-gaming exercises concerning disruptions in the payment system. The aim of the exercises was to utilize gaming-simulation as a training environment where teams of practitioners can learn to develop in-depth understanding of systemic interaction (i.e., cascading effects of disruptions) and learn how to develop collaborative resilience across many different critical infrastructures. Interaction between different stakeholders in the payment system, such as business owners, banks, municipality crisis managers are considered as the foundation for building collaborative resilience. Designing the exercises in such a way that they encourage and support such interactions are therefore seen as a primary design goal. This paper describes lessons learned from the process of conducting the 17 exercises in terms of creating a well-balance simulation and an immersive experience.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Is this a date? – New perspectives on ICT for harmonized inter-organizationalcrisis management
- 2023
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Ingår i: Information Systems for Criris Management and Response. - : ISCRAM Digital Library. - 9798218217495 ; , s. 67-76
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we challenge common conceptions related to the role and development of information andcommunication technology (ICT) for crisis management. Based on an understanding of inter-organizational crisismanagement as self-organizing through processes of harmonization in complex adaptive systems, ICT ispositioned as an enabler in the bridging of social and organizational boundaries. In this view, the primaryrequirements for ICT in inter-organizational settings are defined by current information sharing needs, which arecontinuously changing with the context and co-working partners. From this understanding of inter-organizationalrelations in crisis management, this paper suggests two complementary approaches to ICT focusing on policyadjustment and training that supports adaptive organizational capabilities and utilization of easily availablecommercial ICT. The ideas put forth in this paper are intended to add perspectives and spark discussions on ICTfor crisis management.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Björn J.E., et al.
(författare)
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A Suggestion for Endeavour Space Dimensions
- 2018
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Ingår i: 23rd International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium. - : International Command and Control Institute.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to propose a set of dimensions for the “Endeavour Space” and provide a set of examples of endeavours that can be utilized for future studies that seek to determine the appropriate of different C2 approaches for different locations (regions) of this Endeavour Space.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Production by Integrating Business Models of Manufacturing and Recycling Industries
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering. - 3642196918 ; , s. 723-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future raw material shortage, high price levels and environmental regulations requires increased reuse of materials andcomponents. This will substantially influence conditions for both manufacturing and recycling industries, which need toinnovate their business models. Our hypothesis is that an integrated co-operation between organizations within these industries, employing symbiotic business models will increase the profitability and reduce the total environmental impact. Findings from interaction with manufacturing and recycling industries using a business model framework as baseline are presented. Results indicate that profit and decreased environmental effects can be achieved through symbiotic business models, but further development and implementation is needed.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Björn, Professor, PhD, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the challenge of the energy crisis : Tackling system complexity with megagaming
- 2023
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Ingår i: ECCE '23: Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2023. - New York, NY United States : ACM Digital Library. - 9798400708756
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is tightly coupled to the usage of energy in differentforms. Creating and using sustainable energy solutions is increasinglybeing recognized as the greatest challenge of our time. Theenergy crisis concerns everyone who consumes energy or servicesthat rely on energy to be performed, in practice almost everythingwe buy. However, the temporal and psychological distance to climatechange has led to a situation where the consequences of ourenergy usage often is considered a future problem or “someoneelse’s” problem. Current methods to increase awareness and understandingof climate change and the need to create sustainableenergy solutions are usually based on simulation or negotiationgames. Methods similar to crisis management exercises are uncommon.In this paper, we propose to use Megagames, large scale socialgames, as a method for increasing the awareness of the challengesrelated to creating sustainable energy solutions. Examples fromtwo Megagame test runs are provided and discussed.
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| 10. |
- Berggren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing team focused behaviors in emergency response teams using the shared priorities measure
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International ISCRAM Conference. - Pennsylvania, USA : ISCRAM. ; , s. 130-134, s. 130-134
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this work in progress paper is to report on the method development of the Shared Prioritiesmeasure to include content analysis, as a way of gaining a deeper understanding of team work incrisis/emergency response. An experiment is reported where the performance of six trained teams is comparedwith the performance of six non-trained teams. The experiment was performed using an emergency responsemicroworld simulation with a forest fire scenario. Dependent measures were simulation performance, the CrewAwareness Rating Scale (CARS), and content analysis. Trained teams performed better and scored higher onmeasures of team behaviors.
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