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- Henricson, Cecilia, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Phonological skills and working memory in children with C1 and Usher typ 1
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bakgrund: Ushers syndrom (USH) innebär hörselnedsättning/dövhet i kombination med Retinitis Pigmentosa och, i två av de tre kliniska typer som finns, ingen eller gradvis förlust av balansfunktion. Det är den vanligaste orsaken till dövblindhet och har varit i fokus i många studier med molekylära, fysiologiska och funktionella konsekvenser av de genetiska mutationerna. Det finns dock få studier med inriktning mot kognitiva aspekter. Föreliggande studie har undersökt kognition med tydlig koppling till hörsel och talspråk hos barn med Ushers syndrom typ 1 och cochleaimplantat.Metod: Sju barn i åldrarna 7.5-16 år, med bekräftad USH1-diagnos och CI, deltog i studien. Deltagarnas prestation på 10 test, riktade mot fonologiska och lexikala färdigheter samt arbetsminne, jämfördes mot tre kontrollgrupper: barn med normal hörsel, barn med hörselnedsättning och hörapparat, samt barn med icke-syndromal dövhet och cochleaimplantat.Resultat och slutsats: Liksom i tidigare studier av barn med CI når gruppen med USH1 och CI inte samma nivå avseende fonologiska och lexikala färdigheter, samt presterar signifikant lägre avseende fonologiskt arbetsminne än barn med normal hörsel. Resultaten från föreliggande studie visar dock att deltagarna med USH1 generellt har högre prestationsnivå än andra barn med CI, och presterar på en liknande nivå som barn med hörselnedsättning och hörapparat.
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- Henricson, Cecilia, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Phonological skills and working memory in children with CI and Usher type I
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with CI have a distinctive pattern of development of phonological skills (Wass, 2010). Previous research (Spencer & Tomblin, 2009; Wass et al., 2009) has shown that deaf children with CI perform on par with children with normal hearing on some cognitive tasks, whereas they have a significantly lower performance level than children with normal hearing on tasks with high demands on phonological processing. The present project aims to examine phonological skills and working memory capacity in children with Usher type 1 and compare their performance with deaf children with CI and nonsyndromal deafness, with children with normal hearing and children with hearing impairment. Few studies have focused on cognitive development in children with Usher syndrome type I and there is a lack of knowledge on whether the deafness and the co-existing visual condition have an impact on cognitive development and the spoken language development which is an outcome of the CI. Six children with Usher syndrome type I, in ages 6-14 years participated in the study. Preliminary results revealed that children with Usher syndrome type I have a similar pattern of results on the tests as the comparison group of children with CI.
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- Ellis, Rachel, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting speech-in-noise perception using the trail making task: Results from a large-scale internet study
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of an internet-based version of the trail making test (TMT) to predict performance on a speech-in-noise perception task. Computerised versions of the tests were completed, via the internet, by a large (1500+) sample of listeners aged between 18 and 91 years old, both with and without hearing loss. The results show that better performance on both the simple and complex versions of the TMT are associated with better speech-in-noise recognition scores. The findings suggest that the relation between performance in the TMT and speech recognition test may be due to the capacity of the TMT to index perceptual speed, as opposed to the more complex cognitive abilities also implicated in TMT performance.
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- Levén, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective memory in persons with intellectual disability: reduced load on episodic memory due to the link between what to do and when to act.
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background:Persons with intellectual disability express poor prospective memory. Prospective memory loads on limited capacity resources for instance episodic memory, working memory, and attention. Load occurs both from prospective, retrospective and ongoing tasks. Retrieval is accomplished either by top down attentional control processes or automatic bottom up processes.Methods:23 persons with intellectual disability and a control group of 25 persons performed a prospective memory game (Levén et al., 2013) with an ongoing episodic memory task and a working memory task. The game included prospective memory tasks with a low and high demand on top down attentional control processes. The groups differed in raven scores.Results:The intellectual disability group committed frequent omissions and were out performed by the control group on both prospective memory, episodic memory and working memory tasks.Both groups performed significantly better on tasks with low demand on top down attentional processes. A link between the intended task and target improved cued recall performance only in the intellectual disability group, likely because of near ceiling performance in the control group. Contrary to previous results (Levén et al., 2008; Levén et al., 2011), working memory correlated with prospective memory with high load on episodic memory only in the control group. On the other hand, as in previous studies, different memory processes were correlated to a higher extent and varied more in the intellectual disability group.Conclusions:As assumed, persons with intellectual disability can manage prospective memory tasks with a high load on bottom-up processing, however, performance is reduced if more top-down processing is required. High episodic memory performance for persons with intellectual disabilities with a link between targets and prospective memory action to perform, did not correspond with higher prospective memory performance as would be expected due to reduced load on episodic memory.
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- Shirnin, Denis, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Speech perception in noise : prediction patterns of neural pre-activation in lexical processing
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to examine whether the neural correlates of lexical expectations could be used to predict speech in noise perception. We analyse mag-netoencephalography (MEG) data from 20 normal hearing participants, who read a set of couplets (a pair of phrases with rhyming end words) prior to the experiment. During the experiment, the participants are asked to listen to the couplets, whose intelligibility is set to 80%. However, the last word is pronounced with a delay of 1600 ms (i.e. expectation gap) and is masked at 50% of intelligibility. At the end of each couplet, the participants are asked to indicate if the last word was cor-rect, i.e. corresponding to the expected word. Given the oscillatory characteristics of neural patterns of lexical expectations during the expectation gap, can we predict the participant’s actual perception of the last word? In order to approach this re-search question, we aim to identify the correlation patterns between the instances of neural pre-activation, occurring during the interval of the expectation gap and the type of the given answer. According to the sequential design of the experiment, the expectation gap is placed 4400 ms prior to the time interval dedicated to the participant’s answer. Machine Learning approach has been chosen as the main tool for the pattern recognition.
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