| 1. |
- Ekström, Veronica, 1975-
(författare)
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Det besvärliga våldet : Socialtjänstens stöd till kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relationer
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I avhandlingen analyseras hur våldsutsatta kvinnors behov tolkas, omförhandlas och anpassas för att kunna hanteras inom socialtjänstens organisation. Avhandlingens övergripande frågeställningar fokuserar på insatser och behov, betydelsen av socialtjänstens organisering och betydelsen av socialarbetarnas handlingsutrymme. Avhandlingen baseras på kvalitativa analyser av statliga propositioner, intervjuer med socialarbetare och med kvinnor som varit utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Det teoretiska ramverket bygger bland annat på Frasers (1989) teoretiska perspektiv som tar sin utgångspunkt i samhällets tolkningar av människors/gruppers behov av stöd, nyinstitutionell teori och teorier om gatubyråkrater. Avhandlingen visar att socialarbetares tolkningar är centrala aspekter av förhandlingen om hur våldsutsatta kvinnors behov och rätt till stöd ska förstås. Ett viktigt resultat i avhandlingen är att stödet till våldsutsatta kvinnor blir så pass olika. Avhandlingen ger inga svar i kvantitativa termer på hur olikheten är fördelad, men den ger exempel på hur olikheten tar sig uttryck. I kommuner där specialiseringen innebär att socialarbetarna på socialkontoret i första hand utreder behov och fattar beslut om insatser, måste det också finnas adekvata insatser att besluta om. Saknas det så erbjuds inte heller något stöd. Stödet till kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relationer blir också olika eftersom socialarbetare ställer olika krav eller sätter upp olika trösklar för att kvinnor ska få stöd. Avhandlingen visar att både gemensam kunskap och gemensam syn på sociala problem är centralt för att samarbetet inom den specialiserade socialtjänstens ska fungera och i längden också för vilket stöd människor kommer att erbjudas.
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| 2. |
- Whitaker, Anna
(författare)
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Livets sista boning : Anhörigskap, åldrande och död på sjukhem
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is based on an empirical study carried out as a case study at a nursing home ward in the region of Stockholm. The aim of this study is to describe and analyse the conditions of ageing and dying for the old persons living in a nursing home, as well as for their relatives. Different methods were used: participant observations, informal conversations with the elderly residents, with the staff and with visiting relatives. Furthermore, twenty-one (in-depth) interviews with eighteen relatives were also conducted. From the results it became clear that the two major features embedded in the overall experience of the nursing home setting were: a sense of waiting and the presence of dying and death. For the residents a major part of daily life was marked by their dependency on others and on their bodily decline. It is argued that the institutional features contribute to reinforcing the images/pictures of bodily decline. As such, the nursing home also had a significant impact on the experiences of the relatives. The compact environment of frailty and death could arouse feelings of anxiety and worries among the relatives about their own ageing and death. Analyses of the data based on the interviews with relatives indicated a number of central patterns: accompanying each other, understanding the old person’s health and needs, recreating roles, sharing the care and preparing for dying and death. These also form the theoretical structure of the thesis. A finding of the study was that the relationship between the old person and the relative underwent important changes. Not only the placement in itself but also the poor health of the old person contributed to this change. As a consequence new roles emerged within the relationship, as well as with the staff. Many relatives continued to visit and also contributed to the care even though this care work could vary and mostly was quite limited in both content and extent. One group among the relatives not only visited, but they truly shared the old person’s daily life. It was found that relatives, irrespective of the caring role, try to guard and maintain the identity and dignity of the old person. Based on an analysis of the different themes/processes found in the data, four core categories emerged: time, space, body and dignity. They all constitute the existential condition that affects the lives of the old persons and their relatives in an institutional setting. They also embrace the complexity and contradictions that characterise the data. Therefore, in the concluding chapter, the spatial and temporal contradictions of the nursing home are discussed. Another issue concerned the bodily themes found in the data and how these illuminate the diverse meanings and the, sometimes, contradictory images of the body. These themes led to the conclusion that it is not death, but the bodily disintegration and unboundedness that the old persons and their relatives fear most. Finally, it is argued that the “light care work” carried out by the relatives is so much more than sporadic visits. Instead, these visits can be seen as 1) rituals contributing to a sense of continuity and coherence, 2) representations of the relationships and 3) a way in which relatives can maintain and guard the old person’s identity and dignity.
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| 3. |
- Bullington, Jennifer, 1957-
(författare)
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The Mysterious Life of the Body : A New look at Psychosomatics
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to critically examine traditional psychosomatic theories, paying special attention to certain philosophical issues such as the mind-body problem and efficacious mechanisms of interaction between meaning, understood as psychosocial factors, and that which is traditionally called "body" (the material, objectified body). Afterwards, an alternative psychosomatic theory is worked out, drawing inspiration from the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The first part of the dissertation examines the following schools of thought (orientations) concerning psychosomatic theory: 1) psychodynamic theory, 2) psychosomatic medicine, 3) stress theory as well as neuroimmunology and neuroendocrinology, and 4) the work of the psychobiologist Herbert Weiner. The phenomenological alternative worked out in part II of the dissertation breaks up dualistic and materialistic-reductionistic thinking by starting with the "lived body" rather than the objective body studied by natural science. The question then becomes, how is the mind-body unity lived, and what categories of understanding open up when the person-world field becomes the focus for psychosomatic theory.
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| 4. |
- Hansson, Jan-Håkan
(författare)
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Organizing normality : Essays on organizing day activities for people with severe mental disturbances
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the organizing of day activities, outside hospital care, for people with severe mental disturbances in Sweden. The purpose of the study is threefold: to describe the material and structural conditions of day activity settings on a national scale; to analyse some of the ideological claims made in the field; and to discuss problems and possibilities arising when more than one organizational sector is involved in the work.The thesis is divided into two parts. Part A presents the empirical material, derived from a national survey, as well as some historical and theoretical points of departure and concludes with a summarizing analysis of results. Part B contains four empirically based papers.The results show a considerable growth in the 1980s of day activity units specifically arranged for this group of people with severe mental disturbances. The average economic resource-input is considerably larger in psychiatry-run units than in units run by the social services. The collaborative efforts between the social services and psychiatry are discussed in the light of the fact that joint venture units develop distinctively different features, when it comes to, for example, recruitment routes of users and collaborative work with other organizations, as compared to units run by the social services or psychiatry alone. Thestructural and discursive power in this new field is largely in the hands of psychiatry. Ideological claims as to the definition of the work adhers to a "therapeutic paradigm".Results from an analysis of self-presentation documents reveals five distinct content categories: the dimension of ambition to change, the dimension of time-structuring, the dimension of profession/expertise, the dimension of intimacy of relation, and the dimension of autonomy. This is discussed in view of tendencies towards professionalization from different occupational groups as well as in view of issues of social control in modem society.Finally some prospects for the development in the future are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Henrekson, Ebba
(författare)
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Exceptions in the Swedish School System : Exploring the Conditions Facing Secular and Confessional Nonprofit Schools
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Swedish school system underwent a series of reforms that opened up the system for independent schools funded through vouchers. Since then, for-profit firms have gained significant traction and constitute a far greater share of the school system compared to nonprofits. This dissertation aims to contribute to a better understanding of the conditions facing secular and confessional nonprofit schools, both during the establishment process and the day-to-day operations. To achieve this aim, I have adopted an institutional approach which in this case implies that I focus both on formal rules and regulations (i.e., legal framework) as well as systems of beliefs, values, and ideas. The articles included in the dissertation analyze four conditions. First, I point to how confessional schools have always been perceived as deviant and as reducing social cohesion. This remains true regardless of whether the value system of the Swedish school system has been said to rest on a secular or a religious foundation. Second, I show how a lack of a philanthropic infrastructure in Sweden makes it harder for nonprofits to initiate new schools. Third, I discuss how due to the marginal presence of independent schools in Sweden before the school choice reform there is a lack of intermediary organizations giving advice to nonprofit schools regarding best practices and representing them at the political level. Fourth, I show how the design of the legal framework of the school system puts high demands on nonprofit schools to conform both to a bureaucratic logic and a market logic. Taken together, the results point to various conditions that contribute to a situation in which secular and confessional nonprofit schools have difficulties asserting themselves in the Swedish school system.
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| 6. |
- Holmqvist, Anna
(författare)
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Integritet på undantag? : En studie av barns röst i patientlagen och patientorganisationer
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores discourses regarding children’s voice, in the Swedish Patient Act, as well as in Swedish patient organizations. In the Patient Act, children’s rights as patients are construed on the basis of custodians’ parental rights and the assumption that patients are competent and autonomous adults. The child is given an object position, weaker than an adult patient and subordinated to parents’ authority. Consequently, the integrity of the child is not absolute, as it is construed through an autonomy discourse and a family discourse which set boundaries for the child´s voice in the Patient Act. The family discourse combined with a mass movement discourse form the prerequisits for children’s voice in the context of patient organizations. As a consequence, patient organizations do not act as voice in relation to children’s rights as patients, in the Patient Act. Rather, interviews with representatives of patient organizations show that the parents act as voice having a child in need of health care. The position of children in the organizationsis ambiguous and, rather than having a voice of their own, children can be used in advertising campaigns to attract funding, expressing the voice of the organization. When children are used in this way by organizations, children’s integrity seem to be negotiable. The thesis shows that in both the Patient Act and the patient organizations, the integrity of the child is questioned. Children seem to be regarded as imperfect rights-holders and as imperfect members of society.This perception of the child is traced to dominant ethical perspectives from which children’s human rights have emerged. Drawing on current academic debates, analternative approach to these prevailing ethical perspectives is suggested. Instead of making rights conditional upon presumed autonomy and adulthood, rights can be perceived as relational and expressions of the mutual interdependence of humans, regardless of age and maturity. If rights are seen in this way, with children being understood not as essentially different but differently equal, then the child´s voice can have actual importance.
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| 7. |
- Klinth, Roger, 1964-
(författare)
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Göra pappa med barn : Den svenska pappapolitiken 1960-1995
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study gives a historical perspective on the Swedish parental leave and the political vision of equal parenthood. The aim is to point out thespecific conditions for male citizenship. By studying the political processes and power relations which gave rise to the parental leave of 1974 andhas continued to influence its content, the study tries to explore the implicit and explicit demands and expectations which the state has placed on men. The concept of hegemony is used as an overarching framework for interpreting gender political processes. The analysis is based mainlyon material from the political decision making processes, but also party-political and debate material is used.The starting point is taken in the debate on equal opportunities and gender roles, which began in the 1960s. The new ways of interpretinggender and family relationships that were formed in this debate soon came to affect the political decision making processes. The analyses of the parental insurance reform (I974) emphasize the reform as a compromise between conflicting political interests. By making parentalinsurance a free choice both right wing and socialist principles could be adhered to. In this way neither the family's freedom of choice nor the aim of evening out differences between the social classes were threatened. Equal parenting remained a private matter, which every family should be able to decide on for itself. In this way a political point could be made - fathers have the same responsibility for childcare as mothers - without involving any far-reaching complications for other societal interests.The consensus, which had been established as to how male emancipation could be achieved politically, soon began to creak at the joints. In the middle of the I970s demands for a compulsory division of parental leave coloured the debate. Demands for quotas gave rise to a new equal rights policy crisis, and once again male emancipation's conditions were brought to the fore. By focusing on the question of what instruments the state should use in order to make men participate in the parental leave, the study tries to explain the specific logic of the male citizenship.The study of the political processes in the period I974-I995 shows that the ambition to increase men's use of parental insurance never receivedsuperior status in relation to other important political goals. As a rule, the family's freedom of choice, state and family economics, parent'sconditions on the labour market etc. were prioritised. In the complicated political decision making processes that formed the oudines of the parental insurance a clear distinction between men and women was made. Men's participation were defined as a voluntary commitment - something they could do if they wanted or considered possible due to their labour market conditions, - while women's participation was described in terms of necessity.
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| 8. |
- Odhnoff, Sissela
(författare)
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Mellan det förflutna och framtiden : En studie av hyresgästföreningen på 2000-talet
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present thesis is a study of the Swedish Union of Tenants, an organisation with a long popular movement history, working in an ever-changing environment.The Swedish Union of Tenants is one of the major popular movements and has strongly influenced Swedish housing policy development including the 1978 reform concerning tenants’ right to negotiate rents collectively. Although it is a powerful organisation it is repeatedly exposed to external pressures for change on an issue it considers highly important including the 1978 reform. The purpose of the thesis is to generate knowledge concerning how an old popular movement organisation is affected by its external environment and how it reacts when traditions and institutions are exposed to contemporary pressures for change. The thesis investigates the Swedish Union of Tenants’ strategies for safeguarding the interests of its members as well as other tenants. Thre einstitutions within the framework of the organisation’s operations are examined in the thesis: the collective model of negotiations, tenant participation in decision making and the membership. The empirical materials primarily consist of internal organisational documents and interviews. The theoretical starting point has been institutional logics, organisational logics, logics of action and path dependency. The results portray how the complex operations of the organisation spur conflicts of interest whilst, at the same time, the operations mutually reinforce each other. Furthermore, the results demonstrate how the organisation’s operations interact with its environment to safeguard the interests of members and other tenants. Using my theoretical concepts, I have developed a model for the analysis of a complex organisation and the interactions within the organisation’s operational functions as well as with the external environment.
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| 9. |
- Robertsson, Karin, 1986-
(författare)
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Mellan civilsamhälle och folkrörelse : Ett aktörsperspektiv på rekrytering och organisering av medborgerligt engagemang
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Civic engagement, commonly seen as concerning people's actions and activities,is generally studied at the individual level. In this doctoral thesis the term is used to examine and analyse how recruitment and organisation of civic engagement has developed since the mid-1990s at the organisational level in a Swedish context, as well as the conditions that have influenced and shaped this development. Three forms of civic engagement are examined: associational membership, volunteering and giving. In this thesis, interviews and text analyses are used. The analysis of archived webpages and annual reports demonstrates a more diversified range of forms of civic engagement available at the organisational level. It is expressed as an increased demand for different types of volunteering and giving, in addition to the more traditional form of civic engagement that associational membership constitutes in a Swedish context. The diversified range of civic engagement is accompanied by various recruitment practices such as marketing and fundraising, characterised by different institutional logics that guide the actual recruitment work within organisations. Interviews were conducted with elected representatives and employees at a senior level within non-profit human service organisations. The interviewees reasoning about the changing conditions for recruiting and organising civic engagement is understood as actions through which they reproduce or change logics. The study concludes that in practice, the recruitment and organisation of civic engagement can be seen as an expression of institutional complexity. It is argued that the collectively shared view of how civic engagement can and should be organised in a Swedish context is characterized by a complex composition of logics that prescribe different patterns of action for participants and organisations.
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| 10. |
- Linghag, Sophie, 1970-
(författare)
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Från medarbetare till chef : Kön och makt i chefsförsörjning och karriär
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The younger generation is often expected to be part of changes in management gender distribution, concepts of leadership and gender power relations. Parallel with this, there are ongoing gender segregation processes within the organisations resulting in the dominance of men among managers. The aim of this thesis is to describe and understand the transition from staff to management, and in particular how gender is done in this process. The perspective on organisation and gender adopted is social constructionist. Thestudy was carried out in a large Swedish banking company between 2000 and 2005. Analysis was drawn up in order to successively answer four research questions: 1) in what way is the management sourcing process designed and how are candidates for management evaluated?, 2) how do management candidates look upon their career opportunities?, 3) how is gender done in the sourcing of new managers?, and 4) how is gender done in the careers of future managers? The empirical material consists of observations of a management development programme for potential managers, statements on management sourcing and careers, and document material. The statements come from interviews with 11 staff members, six women and five men, identified as potential managers, as well as seven people working with HR at the bank. The 11 management candidates were interviewed three times during a two-year period.The thesis develops knowledge on how gender and management are done in situations characterised by a balanced gender distribution and simultaneous male dominance. The management development programme serves as a hub for those working with sourcing new managers through its importance in identifying, developing and evaluating candidates for management. The evaluation of women and men among management candidates shows that potential is linked to women and men in different ways and that women and men are evaluated on the basis of different expectations on them as managers. Career is almost exclusively conceived as linear hierarchical movements. Nevertheless, the hierarchical view of career is confirmed almost entirely in the way men orient themselves. The career themes of the men express expectations on having a career. The experiences of the women are diverse. But even among those who have experienced encouragement to develop, this is not reflected in expectations on the future. Instead, the hope expressed is one of being allowed to continue a career. The different empowerment of the women and men express the gender power relations in the organisation and the norm of men as managers, which both men and women relate to.Two aspects are involved in the doing of gender in management sourcing and careers: construction of gender and gender ordering. Firstly, gender is constructed and ordered in the sourcing of new managers through the gendering of potential, resulting in different opportunities for women and men in organisations. Secondly, gender is constructed and ordered in careers, where careers may be understood as gendered, i.e. where expectations are created in men and hopes in women. The result is different empowerment in women and men. And thirdly, the results point to a complexity in relation to change. Gender equality initiatives and radical practices in combination with individualism and gender neutrality both put gender hierarchy into question and preserve it. Management sourcing involves several practices where the doing of gender is integrated in different ways, both conscious through gender equality initiatives, and sub-conscious through individualised and gender-neutral ideology. Thus, change requires greater consciousness and new practice.
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