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- Pramanik, Roshni
(författare)
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Interorganizational Collaboration In Crisis Response Management : Exploring The Conditions For Improving Collaborative Behaviour Across Organizational Borders.
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the conditions to improve collaborative behaviour between organizations in crisis response management. It takes an explorative approach and begins by identifying several challenges to interorganizational collaboration. A systematic review of the international scientific literature in conjuction with semi-structured interviews with crisis management professionals in civil-military collaboration context identified several challenges and their underlying reasons.Indications on ways to minimize such challenges are also explored. Based on these indications, two factors are chosen that are tested with the help of experiments involving 111 crisis management professionals from the Swedish police force, fire and rescue services, defense forces and the Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB). The experiments were performed to test whether changing the degree of these factors can potentially influence collaborative behaviour. Findings of the study indicate that by changing familiarity and expectation of future cooperation the extent of utilizing resources and the extent ofcontributing resources can be influenced. With greater degree of familiarity and long term commitment between organizations, greater knowledge on capabilities and equipment of other actors in crisis response, there is a higher extent of utilization of resources from other organizations in a joint task. Similarly higher degree of familiarity and long term commitment also make organizations to be more willing to contribute in terms of resources, equipment, knowledge and capabilities in a joint task. This means by fostering higher degree of familiarity and long term commitment, organizations areexpected to share, allocate and mobilze resources between them more effectively. Since this most likely will contribute to improve overall collaborative efforts in crisis response management, steps to increase familiarity and long term commitment between organizations seem to be a promising strategy to improve interorganizational collaboration. The thesis also discusseshow increased familiarity and long term commitments may also help organizations to adapt to changed conditions that arise during crises. The thesis has implications for crisis planning, preparedness and overall improvements of collaborative efforts in crisis response management.
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- Almeida Costa, Nicole, 1988
(författare)
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Human Centred Design for Maritime Safety: A User Perspective on the Benefits and Success Factors of User Participation in the Design of Ships and Ship Systems
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For over six decades, Human Centred Design (HCD) has been considered a desired design approach for the implementation of Human Factors/Ergonomics (HF/E) knowledge and methods for understanding the needs of the end-users. Although other comparable frameworks exist, they can be seen as subcategories or as tools for HCD, as HCD is considered by some as an overarching approach. This design approach has gradually been integrated into different fields, but engineering sciences have been more reluctant towards embracing its adoption. Although these challenges may be explicable – one of them being that HF/E methods are often not immediately understood and applicable in industrial settings – the maritime sector has begun to overcome these challenges and to understand and highlight the impact of the human element on the safety and efficiency of maritime operations and environmental protection. Nevertheless, more initiative and attention to HF/E is needed. Thus, the work considered in this thesis takes a proactive approach towards the integration of HCD in the maritime domain by involving maritime end-users in a discussion about the opportunities of human-centred and participatory design. This was done through two focus group interviews with two different participant samples of end-users, with special focus on the navigation of merchant vessels. The analysis of the focus group interviews was guided by a Grounded Theory approach. The work presented in this thesis is part of the project Crew-Centered Design and Operation of Ships and Ship Systems (CyClaDes), supported by funds from the European Commission and its Seventh Framework Programme. The CyClaDes project intended to promote the increased potential impact of HF/E and HCD knowledge on ship design and operations, by understanding where and how to best integrate it and where and how barriers to its integration occur. The findings in this thesis highlight HCD and its participatory principle as a means to attain a set of benefits at a physical, cognitive, psychosocial, organizational, and socio-political levels, and ultimately attain safer maritime operations. The results suggest that successful integration of a human-centred and participatory design philosophy in the maritime domain should include more and appropriate user representativeness within design, rule-making and purchasing to bridge the gap between the requirements of the users and of other stakeholders, between design and usability. The benefits of, and the prerequisites for, successful HCD integration within the complex sociotechnical system of shipping describe a holistic model for maritime HCD.
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- Ernits, Heiti, 1979
(författare)
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Ledarskap i mellanrummen – fallstudie av gränsgångare och gränspraktiker ienkomplex samverkansmiljö
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gränsöverskridande samarbete, samverkan och tidsbegränsade arbetssätt är på modet. Stadsplanering, samhällsstyrning, välfärdsproduktion och tackling av samhälleliga utmaningar sker allt mer i projektform och inkluderar en blandning av offentliga verksamheter, privata aktörer och intressenter. Så kallad gränsöverskridande organisering sker över olika typer av professionella, organisatoriska, geografiska och institutionella gränser. Denna trend har även inneburit ett ökat intresse för gränsgångare och olika typer av gränspraktiker som enligt studier spelar en allt viktigare roll i gränsöverskridande samverkansmiljöer. Denna studie söker svar på hur en gränsgångarpraktik kommer till uttryck i en samverkansmiljö, vilka problem som uppstår och på vilket sätt praktiken eventuellt bidrar till samverkan. Studien har fokuserat på projektet Kraftsamling Sjöbo som har pågått sedan december 2017. I Kraftsamlingen deltar offentliga verksamheter, civilsamhället, myndigheter, föreningar, akademin, forskningsinstitut och invånare. Syftet är en hållbar omställning av en stadsdel. För det första visar studien att det krävdes en omfattande arbetsinsats för att åstadkomma ett fungerande samarbete över gränser. Det gränsöverskridande samarbetet försvårades delvis på grund av skillnader i kultur, intressen, värderingar och organisatoriska förutsättningar. För det andra visar studien att projektledarrollen förändrades och arbetet med Kraftsamlingen visade sig kräva omfattande gränsöverskridande interaktion, facilitering och ständigt pågående problemlösning. Gränsgångaren trädde in i en ledarskapsroll när situationer krävde det och arbetade aktivt för att skapa strukturella förutsättningar för att åstadkomma fungerande samarbete, baserat på Kraftsamlingens mission och värden. Gränsgångarpraktiken visade sig vara komplex och mångfacetterad. Gränsgångaren kopplade exempelvis samman aktörer, byggde sociala nätverk, mobiliserade resurser, försökte påverka rådande tanke- och arbetssätt, förflyttade information över gränser, agerade som översättare mellan professionella gemenskaper, löste uppblossande konflikter, skapade nya organisatoriska strukturer, försökte skapa engagemang och drev på för kollektiv handling. Gränsgångaren försökte etablera en gemensam samverkanskultur och arbetade aktivt med de sociala sammanhangen i organisationen. För det tredje indikerar studien att den här typen av gränsöverskridande ledarskapspraktik spelar en viktig roll i gränsöverskridande samverkansmiljöer där en mångfald av aktörer som har olika förutsättningar och intressen deltar. Studien illustrerar även de utmaningar som ett projektbaserat arbetssätt kan innebära när gränser korsas och när frågorna som hanteras är komplexa och sammansatta. Studiens resultat kan också omsättas till ett antal praktiska rekommendationer. För det första bör synen på projektledarskapet i komplexa samverkansprojekt nyanseras och utvidgas. För det andra bör gränsgångarroller och det informella ledarskapet synliggöras och uppvärderas i samverkansmiljöer. För det tredje bör de specifika kompetenserna och det nödvändiga sociala hantverket synliggöras och inkluderas i rekryteringsarbetet hos organisationer.
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- Finnsgård, Christian, 1974
(författare)
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Assembly processes and materials supply systems design
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lean production has over the last decades emerged as the most important paradigm for production, with the assembly processes in focus, including the objective to minimize non-value-adding work. Thus, much attention has been on the work of the assembly operator. However, little focus has been devoted to how the new requirements from lean production have been transformed into materials supply systems supporting the assembly processes. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to contribute to increased knowledge about the relation between assembly processes and materials supply systems design.A framework is introduced in this thesis, describing how requirements from the assembly processes are transformed by the materials supply system into the actual materials flow. In the results of this thesis, a model structuring requirements in materials supply and assembly processes is proposed, tested, and subsequently different requirements were identified. Materials exposure is introduced as the transition from the materials supply system to the assembly system. Results show that that the materials exposure has a large impact on assembly workstations performance in terms of space needed, non-value-adding work and ergonomics. Further, an experiment showed that the materials exposure factors with the largest impact on picking time were packaging, angle of packaging and height above floor.Major contributions in this thesis are the identification and structuring of requirements in assembly processes and materials supply systems, and explaining how the materials exposure affects the assembly processes. How this knowledge can be applied in the design of new, or redesign of existing, production systems and materials supply processes in particular, is a managerial contribution.
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- Wingstedt, Johnny
(författare)
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Narrative music : towards an understanding of musical narrative functions in multimedia
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As the computer screen is replacing the book as the dominant medium for communication (Kress, 2003), questions about how meaning is constituted by the multimodal interaction of different media (including music) is becoming increasingly important in contemporary research of pedagogy, sociology and media studies. The overall aim with this licentiate thesis is to explore musical narrative functions as they appear in multimedia such as film and computer games. The thesis is based on three publications. Publication 1 proposes a classification of musical narrative functions, with 6 narrative classes(the Emotive, Informative, Descriptive, Guiding, Temporal and Rhetorical classes) and 11 categories. The relational interplay of music with contextual factors is emphasized. Publication 2 describes the design of a software tool, REMUPP (Relations Between Musical Parameters and Perceived Properties), to be used for experimental studies of musical expression. REMUPP is used for real time alteration of musical expression, by the manipulation of musical parameters such as tempo, harmony, rhythm, articulation, etc. Publication 3 describes a quasi-experiment using REMUPP, where a group of young participants (12-13 years old) were given the task of adapting musical expression - by manipulating 7 parameters - to make it fit 3 visual scenes shown on a computer screen. They also answered a questionnaire asking about their musical backgrounds and habits of listening to music, watching movies and playing computer games. Numerical data from the manipulations were analyzed statistically with regards to the preferred values of the musical parameters in relation to the different visual scenes. The results indicated awareness and knowledge about codes and conventions of musical narrative functions, and were to some degree affected by the participants' gender, musical backgrounds and media habits.
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