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- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Multinationals in the Knowledge Economy : A case study of AstraZeneca in Sweden
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Multinational companies play a large and growing role in the world economy. Theycontribute about 10 percent to world GDP and about two thirds to global exports. Inthe vast majority of the countries in the world, the presence of multinationals has alsobeen growing over time. This report presents a case study of the role of a large multinational company, activein one of the most R&D and knowledge intensive industries of the world, withestablishments in a small open economy. The case study examines the role ofAstraZeneca in the Swedish economy, i.e. an economy dominated by multinationalcompanies. They account for almost all of Sweden’s aggregate investments in privateR&D, over 90 percent of the country’s exports and imports as well as a significantshare of the total number of employees in the private sector. The analyses in the reportmake it possible to assess the importance of the local presence of such a largeknowledge-intensive multinational for Sweden.
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- Baum, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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A New Approach to Estimation of the R&D-Innovation-Productivity Relationship
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We evaluate a Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) approach to the estimation of the relationship between R&D, innovation and productivity that focuses on the potentially crucial heterogeneity across technology and knowledge levels. The model accounts for selectivity and handles the endogeneity of this relationship in a recursive framework. Employing a panel of Swedish firms observed in three consecutive Community Innovation Surveys, our maximum likelihood estimates show that many key channels of influence among the model's components differ meaningfully in their statistical significance and magnitude across sectors defined by different technology levels.
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- Baum, Christopher F., et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the wage premia of refugee immigrants : Lessons from Sweden
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines the wage earnings of fully-employed refugee immigrants in Sweden. Using administrative employer-employee data from 1990 and onwards, about 100,000 refugee immigrants who arrived between 1980 and 1996 and were granted asylum are compared to a matched sample of native-born workers. Employing recentered influence function (RIF) quantile regressions for the period 2011–2015 to wage earnings, the occupational task-based Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition approach shows that refugees perform better than natives at the median wage, controlling for individual and firm characteristics. This overperformance is due to female refugee immigrants, who have higher wages than comparable native-born female peers up to the 8th decile of the wage distribution. Refugee immigrant females perform better than native females across all occupational tasks studied, including non-routine cognitive tasks. A remarkable similarity exists in the relative wage distributions among various refugee groups, suggesting that cultural differences and the length of time spent in the host country do not significantly affect their labor market performance.
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- Baum, Christopher F., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational sorting and wage gaps of refugees
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract: Refugee workers start low and adjust slowly to the wages of comparable natives. The innovative approach in this study using unique Swedish employeremployee data shows that the observed wage gap between established refugees and comparable natives is mainly caused by occupational sorting into cognitive and manual tasks. Within occupations, it can be largely explained by differences in work experience. The identification strategy relies on a control group of matched natives with the same characteristics as the refugees, using panel data for 2003-2013 to capture unobserved heterogeneity.
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- Baum, Christopher F., et al.
(författare)
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Offshoring and Innovation Capabilities : Evidence from Swedish Manufacturing
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines the impact of global value chains on firms’ innovation capabilities. Using the United Nations Broad Economic Categories (BEC) system to identify offshoring-related intermediate imports, we study contracting out production over the period 2001–2014 from about 7,000 mainly small Swedish manufacturing firms to six different destinations and test hypotheses on improvements and outcomes of innovation capabilities. Our empirical findings show that the strategy to participate in global value chains increases firms’ innovative capability regardless of firms’ technology intensity. The results are robust to a wide set of controls and in line with predictions in recent models of directed technical change.
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- Baum, Christopher F., et al.
(författare)
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Outside Board Directors and Start-Up Firms’ Innovation
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We exploit increased access to detailed employer-employee data to assess whether outside board members affect innovation performance among start-up firms. Using data for all new limited companies in Sweden born during 1999–2013 which have no more then 10 employees when formed, we provide structural equation estimates that deal with the endogenous selection of board directors. Our empirical findings show that an increase in the board’s expertise, measured by the relative productivity of the firms where outsiders are employed, has a significant and positive impact on the new firm’s propensity to apply for both patents and trademarks.
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