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- Alickovic, Emina, et al.
(författare)
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A Tutorial on Auditory Attention Identification Methods
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Auditory attention identification methods attempt to identify the sound source of a listeners interest by analyzing measurements of electrophysiological data. We present a tutorial on the numerous techniques that have been developed in recent decades, and we present an overview of current trends in multivariate correlation-based and model-based learning frameworks. The focus is on the use of linear relations between electrophysiological and audio data. The way in which these relations are computed differs. For example, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) finds a linear subset of electrophysiological data that best correlates to audio data and a similar subset of audio data that best correlates to electrophysiological data. Model-based (encoding and decoding) approaches focus on either of these two sets. We investigate the similarities and differences between these linear model philosophies. We focus on (1) correlation-based approaches (CCA), (2) encoding/decoding models based on dense estimation, and (3) (adaptive) encoding/decoding models based on sparse estimation. The specific focus is on sparsity-driven adaptive encoding models and comparing the methodology in state-of-the-art models found in the auditory literature. Furthermore, we outline the main signal processing pipeline for how to identify the attended sound source in a cocktail party environment from the raw electrophysiological data with all the necessary steps, complemented with the necessary MATLAB code and the relevant references for each step. Our main aim is to compare the methodology of the available methods, and provide numerical illustrations to some of them to get a feeling for their potential. A thorough performance comparison is outside the scope of this tutorial.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Fredrik K., et al.
(författare)
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Learning Proposals for Practical Energy-Based Regression
- 2022
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Ingår i: International conference on artificial intelligence and statistics, vol 151. - : JMLR-JOURNAL MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH. ; , s. 4685-4704
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy-based models (EBMs) have experienced a resurgence within machine learning in recent years, including as a promising alternative for probabilistic regression. However, energy-based regression requires a proposal distribution to be manually designed for training, and an initial estimate has to be provided at test-time. We address both of these issues by introducing a conceptually simple method to automatically learn an effective proposal distribution, which is parameterized by a separate network head. To this end, we derive a surprising result, leading to a unified training objective that jointly minimizes the KL divergence from the proposal to the EBM, and the negative log-likelihood of the EBM. At test-time, we can then employ importance sampling with the trained proposal to efficiently evaluate the learned EBM and produce standalone predictions. Furthermore, we utilize our derived training objective to learn mixture density networks (MDNs) with a jointly trained energy-based teacher, consistently outperforming conventional MDN training on four real-world regression tasks within computer vision. Code is available at https://github.com/fregu856/ebms_proposals.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Fredrik
(författare)
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The Visible Palm: Market Failures, Industrial Policy and the Malaysian Palm Oil Industry
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What role the state should and can play in bringing about economic development is one of the longest standing debates in the economic sciences. Yet, previous research has mostly focused on how a variety of industrial policies affect static efficiency. Few studies have tried to analyze how industrial policy and government intervention affects dynamic efficiency, i.e. an economy's ability to generate lasting economic growth. The present study argues that interventionist industrial policy can only have a positive effect on dynamic efficiency if it manages to resolve market failures. This means that the question of whether a given set of government interventions and industrial policies have speeded up or slowed down development can be answered through a market failure approach. That is, by studying whether the policies could have resolved any market failures that negatively affect dynamic efficiency. The study also theoretically identifies a number of such generic market failures. The study then uses a market failure approach to analyze Malaysia's industrial policies vis-à-vis the domestic palm oil industry. A previous study has claimed that the policies vis-à-vis this industry represent perhaps the foremost example of successful industrial policy in Malaysia. The present study challenges this view. It argues that, while there are isolated examples of industrial policies vis-à-vis the palm oil industry that might have increased both static and dynamic efficiency by resolving market failures, it is at the moment not possible to conclude that the net effect of the policies have been positive, or that dynamic efficiency would have been significantly lower had the government opted for a laissez-faire industrial policy.
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| 6. |
- Hendeby, Gustaf, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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A Platform for Teaching Sensor Fusion Using a Smartphone
- 2017
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Ingår i: International journal of engineering education. - : Tempus Publications. - 0949-149X. ; 33:2B, s. 781-789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A platform for sensor fusion consisting of a standard smartphone equipped with the specially developed Sensor Fusion appis presented. The platform enables real-time streaming of data over WiFi to a computer where signal processingalgorithms, e.g., the Kalman filter, can be developed and executed in a Matlab framework. The platform is an excellenttool for educational purposes and enables learning activities where methods based on advanced theory can be implementedand evaluated at low cost. The article describes the app and a laboratory exercise developed around these new technologicalpossibilities. The laboratory session is part of a course in sensor fusion, a signal processing continuation course focused onmultiple sensor signal applications, where the goal is to give the students hands on experience of the subject. This is done byestimating the orientation of the smartphone, which can be easily visualized and also compared to the built-in filters in thesmartphone. The filter can accept any combination of sensor data from accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers toexemplify their importance. This way different tunings and tricks of important methods are easily demonstrated andevaluated on-line. The presented framework facilitates this in a way previously impossible.
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| 7. |
- Hendeby, Gustaf, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching Sensor Fusion and Kalman Filtering using a Smartphone
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC). - : IFAC Papers Online. - 9783902823625
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Kalman filter has been the work horse in model based filtering for five decades, and basic knowledge and understanding of it is an important part of the curriculum in many Master of Science programs. It is therefore important to combine theoretical studies with practical experience to allow the students to deepen their understanding of the filter. We have developed a lab where the students implement a Kalman filter in a real-time Matlab framework, to which data are streamed from the smartphone over WiFi. The goal of the lab is to estimate the orientation of the smartphone, which can be nicely visualized graphically and also be compared to the built-in filters in the smartphone. The filter can accept any combination of sensor data from accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometer, with different performance. Different tunings and tricks in the Kalman filter are easily evaluated on-line. The smartphone app is also a stand-alone tool to visualize the sensor data graphically. So far the lab seems tohave been successful in reaching the pedagogic goals and to engage the students.
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| 8. |
- Soltesz, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of interventions on COVID-19
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 588:7839, s. 26-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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