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Träfflista för sökning "hsv:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP) ;pers:(Johansson Stenman Olof 1966)"

Sökning: hsv:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP) > Johansson Stenman Olof 1966

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1.
  • Sterner, Thomas, 1952, et al. (författare)
  • Policy design for the Anthropocene
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 2, s. 14-21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2019, Springer Nature Limited. Today, more than ever, ‘Spaceship Earth’ is an apt metaphor as we chart the boundaries for a safe planet1. Social scientists both analyse why society courts disaster by approaching or even overstepping these boundaries and try to design suitable policies to avoid these perils. Because the threats of transgressing planetary boundaries are global, long-run, uncertain and interconnected, they must be analysed together to avoid conflicts and take advantage of synergies. To obtain policies that are effective at both international and local levels requires careful analysis of the underlying mechanisms across scientific disciplines and approaches, and must take politics into account. In this Perspective, we examine the complexities of designing policies that can keep Earth within the biophysical limits favourable to human life.
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  • Alpizar, Francisco, et al. (författare)
  • Anonymity, Reciprocity, and Conformity: Evidence from Voluntary Contributions to a National Park in Costa Rica
  • 2007
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We investigate the role of anonymity, reciprocity, and conformity for voluntary contributions, based on a natural field experiment conducted at a national park in Costa Rica. Contributions made in public in front of the solicitor are 25% higher than contributions made in private. Giving subjects a small gift before requesting a contribution increases the likelihood of a positive contribution. At the same time, the conditional contribution decreases. The total effect of giving a gift is positive but small, and taking the cost of the gift into account, it is far from profitable. When the subjects are told that the typical contribution of others is $2 (a small contribution), the probability of a contribution increases and the conditional contribution decreases, compared with providing no reference information. Providing a high reference level ($10) increases the conditional contributions. Overall, the total effects have the expected signs, although the magnitudes are smaller than what one might have expected based on existing evidence from laboratory experiments.
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6.
  • Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al. (författare)
  • How Much Do We Care About Absolute versus Relative Income and Consumption?
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681. ; 56, s. 405-421
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We find, using survey-experimental methods, that most individuals are concerned with both relative income and relative consumption of particular goods. The degree of concern varies in the expected direction depending on the properties of the good. However, contrary to what has been suggested in the previous literature, we find that relative consumption is also important for vacation and insurance, which are typically seen as non-positional goods. Further, absolute consumption is also found to be important for cars and housing, which are widely regarded as highly positional. © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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7.
  • Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al. (författare)
  • How Much Do We Care About Absolute Versus Relative Income and Consumption?
  • 2001
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We find, using survey-experimental methods, that most individuals are concerned with both relative income and relative consumption of particular goods. The degree of concern varies in the expected direction depending on the properties of the good. However, contrary to what has been suggested in the previous literature, we find that relative consumption is also important for vacation and insurance, which are typically seen as non-positional goods. Further, absolute consumption is also found to be important for cars and housing, which are widely regarded as highly positional. Implications for Pareto-efficient taxation are illustrated using the results from the experiment.
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8.
  • Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • A Note on Optimal Taxation, Status Consumption, and Unemployment
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Existing research on optimal taxation in economies with status-driven relative consumption assumes that the labor market is competitive, despite the fact that real world labor markets are typically characterized by involuntary unemployment. We show how the marginal tax policy ought to be modified to simultaneously account for positional consumption externalities and equilibrium unemployment, and find that interaction effects between these two market failures are crucial determinants of the marginal tax structure. In certain cases, the policy incentive to tax away positional externalities vanishes completely, and negative positional externalities may even lead to lower marginal taxation, under involuntary unemployment.
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9.
  • Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • A note on optimal taxation, status consumption, and unemployment
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Public Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-2727 .- 1879-2316. ; 200
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Existing research on optimal taxation in economies with status-driven relative consumption (implicitly) assumes that there is no involuntary unemployment, despite ample evidence that real world labor markets are typically characterized by such unemployment. We show how the marginal tax policy ought to be modified to simultaneously account for positional consumption externalities and equilibrium unemployment, and find that interaction effects between these two market failures are crucial determinants of the marginal tax structure. In certain cases, the policy incentive to tax away positional externalities vanishes completely, and negative positional externalities may even lead to lower marginal taxation, under involuntary unemployment. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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10.
  • Aronsson, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Animal Welfare and Social Decisions
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper analyzes the standard welfare economics assumption of anthropocentric welfarism, i.e., that only human well-being counts intrinsically. Alternatives where animal welfare matters intrinsically are explored theoretically, based on moral philosophical literature, and empirically where the general public‘s ethical preferences are measured through a survey with a representative sample in Sweden. It is concluded that welfare economics should be generalized in order to encompass the idea that animal welfare should sometimes matter intrinsically.
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