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Träfflista för sökning "hsv:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP) ;pers:(Rönnberg Jerker)"

Sökning: hsv:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP) > Rönnberg Jerker

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1.
  • Andin, Josefine, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Multiplication engages phonological networks in Broca's area differently for deaf signers and hearing non-signers
  • 2012
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In hearing individuals, multiplication relies mainly on the phonological loop while subtraction relies on the visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSSP; Lee & Kang, 2002). Little is known about arithmetic neural networks in deaf signers (DS). Since DS often perform worse than hearing non-signers (NH) on arithmetic in general and multiplication in particular (Traxler, 2000), we hypothesized that there are strategic differences between how groups recruit the phonological loop in multiplication, but not in subtraction, leading to differential activation of phonological processing areas in left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca’s area). We investigated this using a blocked fMRI-design in which nine DS and 17 HN matched on age, gender, education and non-verbal intelligence (Raven & Raven, 1998) were tested on tasks of multiplication, subtraction and phonology (rhyme). The contrasts rhyme versus multiplication and rhyme versus subtraction were examined across groups within the region of interest defined by a probability map of Broca’s area (Amunts, 1999). We observed a significant interaction between task (multiplication and rhyme) and group (F = 12.64, p = .034, FWE-corrected), where the HN showed higher activation for rhyme than for multiplication (T = 4.55, p = .001, FWE-corrected) whereas there were no differences in activations between tasks for DS. For subtraction versus rhyme no interaction with group was found. These results suggest that there are differences between DS and HN in the phonology dependent neural networks in Broca’s area used during multiplication, which may be part of the explanation for poorer performance in DS.
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2.
  • Bernstein, Joshua G, et al. (författare)
  • Spectrotemporal modulation sensitivity as a predictor of speech intelligibility in noise with hearing aids
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Spectrotemporal modulation sensitivity as a predictor of speech intelligibility in noise with hearing aids.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The audiogram predicts less than a third of the variance in speech reception thresholds (SRTs) for hearing-impaired (HI) listeners properly fit with individualized frequency-dependent gain. The remaining variance is often attributed to a combination of su-prathreshold distortion in the auditory pathway and non-auditory factors such as cogni-tive processing. Distinguishing between these factors requires a measure of suprathresh-old auditory processing to account for the non-cognitive contributions. Preliminary re-sults in 12 HI listeners identified a correlation between spectrotemporal modulation (STM) sensitivity and speech intelligibility in noise presented over headphones. The cur-IHCON 2014 27 August 13-17, 2014rent study assessed the effectiveness of STM sensitivity as a measure of suprathreshold auditory function to predict free-field SRTs in noise for a larger group of 47 HI listeners with hearing aids.SRTs were measured for Hagerman sentences presented at 65 dB SPL in stationary speech-weighted noise or four-talker babble. Pre-recorded speech and masker stimuli were played through a small anechoic chamber equipped with a master hearing aid pro-grammed with individualized gain. The output from an IEC711 Ear Simulator was played binaurally through insert earphones. Three processing algorithms were examined: linear gain, linear gain plus noise reduction, or fast-acting compressive gain.STM stimuli consist of spectrally-rippled noise with spectral-peak frequencies that shift over time. STM with a 2-cycle/octave spectral-ripple density and a 4-Hz modulation rate was applied to a 2-kHz lowpass-filtered pink-noise carrier. Stimuli were presented over headphones at 80 dB SPL (±5-dB roving). The threshold modulation depth was estimated adaptively in a two-alternative forced-choice task.STM sensitivity was strongly correlated (R2=0.48) with the global SRT (i.e., the SRTs averaged across masker and processing conditions). The high-frequency pure-tone aver-age (3-8 kHz) and age together accounted for 23% of the variance in global SRT. STM sensitivity accounted for an additional 28% of the variance in global SRT (total R2=0.51) when combined with these two other metrics in a multiple-regression analysis. Correla-tions between STM sensitivity and SRTs for individual conditions were weaker for noise reduction than for the other algorithms, and marginally stronger for babble than for sta-tionary noise.The results are discussed in the context of previous work suggesting that STM sensitivity for low rates and low carrier frequencies is impaired by a reduced ability to use temporal fine-structure information to detect slowly shifting spectral peaks. STM detection is a fast, simple test of suprathreshold auditory function that accounts for a substantial pro-portion of variability in hearing-aid outcomes for speech perception in noise.
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5.
  • Classon, Elisabet, et al. (författare)
  • Verbal fluency in adults with postlingually acquired hearing impairment
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Speech, Language and Hearing. - 2050-571X .- 2050-5728. ; 17:2, s. 88-100
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study examined verbal retrieval in participants with acquired moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing impairment (M age = 63, M education level = 13 years) compared to participants with normal hearing thresholds (M age = 62, M education level = 14 years) using the letter and category fluency tasks. Analyses of number of words produced, clustering, and switching, were conducted. There was no significant difference between the groups in category fluency performance. In letter fluency, however, the participants with hearing impairment produced significantly fewer words than the normal hearing participants and their production was characterized by fewer switches. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between demographic, auditory, and cognitive variables and letter fluency performance in the two groups. Phonological skills and auditory acuity predicted letter fluency output only in participants with hearing impairment and a hearing-related link between phonological skills, working memory capacity, and letter fluency switching was found.
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6.
  • Ellis, Rachel, et al. (författare)
  • Does susceptibility to proactive interference predict hearing aid benefit?
  • 2014
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Proactive Interference refers to an effect whereby previously learned information interferes with the capacity to learn new information. It has been suggested that performance on complex tests of working memory may be heavily influenced by susceptibility to proactive inteference (Kane and Engle, 2000). There is a wealth of evidence linking performance in complex working memory tasks to speech-in-noise recognition by listeners with normal hearing and those with a hearing loss in both aided and unaided conditions (see Akeroyd, 2008 for a review). Previous research has shown that susceptibility to proactive interference can be used to predict speech-in-noise recognition in young listeners with normal hearing (Ellis and Rönnberg, in press). We will report results that show whether this finding can be replicated in older adults with hearing loss and whether susceptibility to proactive interference can be used to predict the degree to which hearing aid use improves speech-in-noise recognition in these listeners. Potential clinical implications relating to the use of tests of proactive interference in the hearing aid fitting and rehabilitation processes will be discussed.References:Akeroyd, M.A. (2008) Are individual differences in speech reception related to individual differences in cognitive ability? A survey of twenty experimental studies with normal and hearing-impaired adults. International Journal of Audiology, 47, s53-s71.Ellis, R. J. and Rönnberg, J. (in press) Cognition and speech-in-noise recognition: The role of proactive interference. Journal of the American Academy of AudiologyKane, M.J. & Engle, R.W. (2000) Working-memory capacity, proactive interference and divided attention: Limits on long-term memory retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 26, 336-358.
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7.
  • Karlsson, Thomas, 1953-, et al. (författare)
  • Framtidens utmaningar
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Leva som andra. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144121437 ; , s. 365-378
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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  • Kilman, Lisa, et al. (författare)
  • Episodic long-term memory by native and non-native stories masked by speech
  • 2015
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The purpose of the current study was to investigate how well normal-hearing adults recalled Swedish (native) and English (non-native) fictional stories masked by speech in Swedish and English. Each story was 15 min long and divided into three parts of 5 min each. One part was masked by Swedish speech, one by English speech and one was presented unmasked as a baseline. Audibility was rated immediately after listening to each fragment. Episodic long-term memory was assessed using 24 multiple choice questions (4AFC). Every 8 questions corresponded to 5 min of recorded story and included 4 simple and 4 complex questions. Participants also performed complex span test of working memory capacity and proficiency tests in Swedish and English. The main result was that the stories in quiet were significantly better recalled than the stories masked by Swedish. Although the stimuli were correctly identified at the perceptual level, challenging listening
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