| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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The Late Emergence of the Socioeconomic Gradient in Adult Mortality: An Urban Phenomenon?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Urban Lives. An Industrial City and Its People During the Twentieth Century. - 9780197761090 - 9780197761113 - 9780197761120 ; , s. 281-306
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown that class differences in adult mortality in the study area emerged only in the mid-twentieth century. Such findings question a universal association between socioeconomic status and mortality. This chapter examines whether these class differences in adult mortality emerged at the same time in urban as in rural areas. The analysis shows that the social class gradient in mortality was more pronounced in the urban than in the rural area, and hence that it was primarily an urban phenomenon. The urban mortality penalty in the study area lasted considerably longer than has been found for Sweden as a whole, but presumably with changing explanations over time. In the early twentieth century, the higher urban mortality was probably connected to poor living conditions in the city, while in the late twentieth century it was likely more related to differences in lifestyle and possibly work-related stress.
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| 2. |
- Brea-Martinez, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Economic Inequality and Social Mobility
- 2024
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Ingår i: Urban Lives. An Industrial City and Its People During the Twentieth Century. - 9780197761090 - 9780197761113 - 9780197761120 ; , s. 82-114
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter analyzes the long-term development of income inequality and social mobility. During the twentieth century Landskrona experienced a dramatic socioeconomic transformation that shaped economic inequality and social mobility. There were three main phases in the development of socioeconomic disparities, which reflect development at the national level. The first phase (1905–1930) saw high and fluctuating levels of economic inequality resulting from economic fluctuations relating to industrialization. During the second phase (1930–1969), inequality declined, following national development in terms of social and economic policy. During the last phase (1970–2015), Landskrona experienced economic crisis and deindustrialization marked by an increase in unemployment and a negative migratory balance. When the whole country was affected by new economic policies and a financial crisis in the early 1990s, inequality started to increase steadily until the 2010s, when it reached the same level as before World War II.
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| 3. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The Industrial City and Its People: Summary and Conclusion
- 2024
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Ingår i: Urban Lives. An Industrial City and Its People During the Twentieth Century. - 9780197761090 - 9780197761113 - 9780197761120 ; , s. 339-352
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter presents and discusses the main findings and conclusions of the volume and puts them into a broader perspective. Taken together, the different chapters contribute to closing the gap between historical studies based on parish records and contemporary research based on full-count registers or detailed surveys. The volume thereby fleshes out the narrative of twentieth-century demographic, social, and economic history by focusing on the individual level. This approach has rarely been taken in previous research over such a long period of time due to lack of high-quality micro-level data. The findings demonstrate how the behavior of individuals and families was conditioned by the larger societal transformations of the twentieth century; transformations broadly associated with industrialization, post-industrialization, and the emergence and culmination of the welfare state. The rise and fall of the industrial city had far-reaching effects on some patterns of behavior while leaving few traces in others.
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| 4. |
- Broström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Social class and sex-specific adult mortality during 200 years in Sweden
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent regional studies on adult mortality and socio-economic status inSweden are merged and also completed with analyses from country-widecensuses in strategic time periods, with the purpose to find out whetherthe locally drawn conclusions about a changing social gradient in mortalitystill holds.The answer is firmly positive: While the upper classes have definiteadvantage in modern time (after, say, the 1960s), the reverse situationholds during the nineteenth and early twentieth century for men. Women, onthe other hand, seem to follow the expected pattern of a positive socialgradient through the last 200 years.
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| 5. |
- Souza-Maia, Vinicius, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood Neighborhoods and Life-Time Fertility in Twentieth-Century Southern Sweden: A k-Nearest Neighbor Approach
- 2024
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Ingår i: Population, Space and Place. - 1544-8444.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite a large literature on the importance of childhood neighborhoods for life course transitions, there is a lack of fertility studies combining a life-course perspective with detailed neighborhood measures. Addressing this gap, we use longitudinal data in which the entire population of a Swedish town is geocoded at the address-level, 1939–1967, and linked to national registers from 1968 to 2015. We study how social neighborhoods in childhood influence fertility outcomes by constructing individual neighborhoods at the address level to measure the social class of nearby childhood neighbors. We analyze the age at first and last birth, children ever born, birth spacing, and childlessness. Growing up in upper-class neighborhoods is associated with delayed fertility for both men and women, but no association is found for the number of children ever born or for childlessness. Associations are stable over time, and later ages of neighborhood exposure matter more, especially for men. Contrary to prior literature’s focus on the lower classes, our results are driven by upper-class individuals growing up in distinctly white-collar neighborhoods.
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| 6. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Age Homogamy, Gender, and Earnings : Sweden 1990-2009
- 2017
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Ingår i: Social Forces. - : Oxford University Press. - 0037-7732 .- 1534-7605. ; 96:1, s. 239-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown considerable marriage premiums in earnings for men, but often penalties for women of being in a union. In this study we extend this research by analyzing how the age difference between spouses affects the earnings profiles by gender. As we follow people over time in advance as well as within their marriage, we can separate premarital from postmarital earnings movements. The data consist of information on annual earnings 1990-2009 for all Swedes born 1960-1974 (N = 926,219). The results indicate that age homogamy is related to higher earnings for both men and women, and that larger age differences are generally associated with lower union premiums, quite independently of which spouse is older. However, most of these results are explained by assortative mating, in which men and women with greater earnings potentials find partners of a similar age. Overall, the age difference between spouses seems to have a limited causal effect, if any, on individual earnings.
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| 7. |
- Allen, Robert A, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to Living Standards in the Past
- 2005
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Ingår i: Living Standards in the Past : New Perspectives on Well-being in Asia and Europe - New Perspectives on Well-being in Asia and Europe. - : Oxford University PressOxford. - 0199280681 ; , s. 1-22
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the introduction, different contributions are brought together in an analysis of pre-industrial living standards in East and West, viewed in the light of the general debate on these issues from the classical economists to present times. The general picture emerging is not one of great divergence, but instead one of considerable similarities. Regional differences within Europe or Asia were often larger than the average differences between them.
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