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- Brosché, Johan, 1978-
(författare)
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Masters of War : The Role of Elites in Sudan’s Communal Conflicts
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Why do communal conflicts turn violent in some regions but not in others? Communal conflicts pose a severe threat to human security and kill thousands of people each year, but our understanding of this phenomenon is still limited. In particular, we lack knowledge about why some of these conflicts become violent while others are resolved peacefully. This study addresses this knowledge gap and has a novel approach by addressing subnational variations that are unexplained by previous research. The theoretical framework combines insights from three different perspectives focusing on the role of the state, elite interactions, and conditions for cooperation over common resources. Empirically, the research question is investigated by combining within- and between-region analyses of three Sudanese regions: Darfur, Eastern Sudan, and Greater Upper Nile. Despite sharing several similar characteristics, communal conflicts have killed thousands in Darfur and Greater Upper Nile but only a few dozen in Eastern Sudan. The empirical analysis builds on extensive material collected during fieldwork.This study generates several conclusions about the importance of government conduct and how state behavior contributes to the prevalence of violent communal conflicts. It finds that when governments act in a biased manner – favoring certain communities over others – interactions between central and local elites as well as among local elites are disrupted. Unconstructive elite interactions, in turn, have negative effects on three mechanisms that are crucial for communal cooperation. First, when the regime is biased, communal affiliation, rather than the severity and context of a violation, determines the sanctions that are imposed on the perpetrators. Second, government bias leads to unclear boundaries, which contribute to violent communal conflicts by creating disarray and by shifting power balances between the communities. Third, regime partiality distances rules from local conditions and restricts the influence of local actors who have an understanding of local circumstances. The study also reveals why a regime acts with partiality in some areas but not in others. The answer to this question is found in the complex interplay between the threats and opportunities that a region presents to the regime. Taken together, the findings have important implications for the prevention and management of communal conflict.
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| 2. |
- Brosché, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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What They Are Fighting For : Introducing the UCDP Conflict Issues Dataset
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Conflict Resolution. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0027 .- 1552-8766.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although conflict issues – the stated goals of actors engaged in conflict – hold a privileged position in many theoretical explanations of the occurrence, dynamics, and resolution of civil war, global issue data are scarce beyond datasets that focus on specific thematic areas. This article aims to bring issues into the forefront of civil war scholarship by presenting the UCDP Conflict Issue Dataset (CID). This global yearly dataset contains 14 832 conflict issues – divided, at the most disaggregated level, into 120 sub-categories – raised by armed non-state groups involved in intrastate armed conflict in 1989-2017. By bringing issues back in, the UCDP CID provides opportunities to reevaluate several central questions about the onset, duration, intensity, and resolution of civil war.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Brosché, Johan, 1978-
(författare)
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Abyei : the Kashmir of Sudan
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development in Abyei on the border between Sudan and South Sudan is said to be a determining factor for the future relationship between the two states. An analysis of the contested area shows that there are at least four different conflict types present: communal, local elite, centre-periphery and cross-border conflicts. However, the conflicts in Abyei must not be seen in isolation but with an understanding of their interlinkages with Sudan’s other conflicts. The conflict complementarities framework presented in this article contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex situation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Brosché, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Darfur: The Crisis Continues
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since it gained independence in 1956, Sudan has been ravaged by war. Its people have been devastated by both the North-South conflict that embroiled the country for the last two decades of the twentieth century and the war in Darfur, the country's western-most region. Since the early 2000s, Darfurians have been the continued victims of ethnic cleansing, large-scale killings, genocidal violence, and horrific displacement. Though the violence has waned from its level during the peak years of 2002 and 2003, the fighting continues to the present day. This report provides an up-to-date mapping of the current crisis in Darfur, giving special attention to its complexity, dynamics, and multiplicity of causes. The analysis that underpins this report is extensively examined in Violent Conflict and Peacebuilding: The Continuing Crisis in Darfur (Brosché and Rothbart 2013).
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| 7. |
- Brosché, Johan, 1978-
(författare)
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Half a Century of Peace in Botswana
- 2017
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Africa is the world’s most conflict-affected region, with one third of all civil and interstate conflicts since 1946 taking place on the continent. This bleak picture is not all-embracing, however. Surrounded by seven neighbours plagued by conflicts, Botswana, Malawi and Zambia constitute a ‘Zone of Peace’ spared from violent conflict since they gained independence over half a century ago. This article will describe the main characteristics of Botswana’s peace and chart some of its causes.
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| 8. |
- Brosché, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Heritage under Attack : motives for targeting cultural property during armed conflict
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Heritage Studies (IJHS). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1352-7258 .- 1470-3610. ; 23:3, s. 248-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although attacks on cultural property have caused international outcry,our understanding of this phenomenon is still limited. In particular, littleresearch has been directed towards exploring the motivations for suchattacks. Therefore, we ask: What are the motives for attacking sites, buildingsor objects representing cultural heritage? By combining insights from peaceand conflict research with findings from heritage studies we present atypology of motivations for attacking cultural property. We identify four,not mutually exclusive, broad groups of motives: (i) attacks related to conflictgoals, in which cultural property is targeted because it is connected to theissue the warring parties are fighting over (ii), military-strategic attacks, inwhich the main motivation is to win tactical advantages in the conflict (iii),signalling attacks, in which cultural property is targeted as a low-risk targetthat signals the commitment of the aggressor, and (iv) economic incentiveswhere cultural property provides funding for warring parties. Our typologyoffers a theoretical structure for research about why, when, and by whom,cultural property is targeted. This is not only likely to provide academicbenefits, but also to contribute to the development of more effective toolsfor the protection of cultural property during armed conflict.
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| 9. |
- Brosché, Johan, 1978-
(författare)
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Humanitär katastrof i Sydsudan (Humanitarian Catastrophe in South Sudan)
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Sydsudan pågår en humanitär katastrof i det tysta. Sedan fullskaligt inbördeskrig utbröt i december 2013 har minst 50 000 människor dött och över två miljoner drivits på flykt. Samtidigt riskerar tre miljoner människor – en fjärdedel av befolkningen – att svälta. Trots ett fredsavtal från augusti förra året har striderna inte upphört och situationen är fortsatt osäker. Johan Brosché, konfliktforskare vid Uppsala universitet, analyserar grundorsakerna till tragedin.
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| 10. |
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