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| 2. |
- Al Ghafri, Aziza, 1982-
(författare)
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"I Wanna Be Free" : On the Challenges and Coping Strategies of Women Entrepreneurs in Sweden
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Women's entrepreneurship is often presented as important for creating economic prosperity at the national level and is said to offer freedom, independence, and emancipation for women. The purpose of this study is to explore the conditions of women entrepreneurs who have different backgrounds in Sweden. To achieve this purpose, this study focuses on the challenges women entrepreneurs perceive and the coping strategies they employ to navigate these challenges. The study adopts an intersectional gender perspective, grounded in research on entrepreneurship, gender, and ethnicity. It draws on qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with women entrepreneurs in Sweden who have different backgrounds. The findings show that the challenges experienced by the women entrepreneurs included lack of support, being belittled, being excluded, having to work harder and be strong and having to adapt. The analysis discusses that these challenges can be understood as a result of gendered perceptions of entrepreneurship and processes of Othering. Ethnicity and race also play a role in shaping these conditions. The interviewed women deal with the conditions through four strategies: the assimilation strategy; the positive strategy, the ambiguity strategy, and the change strategy. The coping strategies are discussed in relation to empowerment and emancipation. From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to developing concepts and conceptual relationships to capture how gender, ethnicity, and race impact women's conditions as entrepreneurs.
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- Holgersson, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Men in focus : Exploring homosocial cultures in organizations and developing methods to prevent sexual harassment
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The program explores homosocial cultures in male-dominated organizations in order to contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of sexual harrassment and to develop measures and methods for transforming homosocial cultures into spaces where men in different positions can act as change agents in order to promote gender equality and workplaces free from violence and discrimination. This answers to recent calls for deepened understanding of processes by which sexual harassment is normalized and tolerated in organizational contexts and for improved prevention measures and methods (e.g. Chawla et al. 2021). By focusing on men and masculinities in relation to aspects of organizational cultures that enable men to exercise violence in order to maintain control in organizations, and by developing measures and methods for counteracting SH through organizational development, the program contributes to current research frontiers as well as to the development of new practices in organizational change management.
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- Johansson Palmkvist, Åsa, 1980-
(författare)
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Tekniker i människans tjänst : En feministisk analys av återskapande och förändring inom forskning på inflytelserik teknik
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis takes its starting point in the massive attention paid to artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years, especially the reporting on how AI maintains and reinforces power imbalances linked to gender and other categories. The aim is to examine and problematize relations between influential technology and gender from a feminist perspective. More specifically, the focus is on how co-productions of technology and gender are reproduced and changed in contemporary technology research that in various ways links to AI. The theoretical framework consists primarily of feminist science and technology studies (STS). Thus, the overall theoretical starting point is that technology and gender are “done” in relation to each other in ways that involve notions, and values about what is important. In addition, some concepts and perspectives from feminist organization studies are used, especially the concept of gender structure and centre-construction. Empirically, the study is based on semi-structured interviews with researchers and doctoral students in two academic technology research environments, and on observations of their everyday research practices. At both of these environments’ respective universities, the work on gender equality was extensive by international standards. The gender structure of the environments differed: where one of the environments was numerically male-dominated in general and had no female assistant professors, associate professors or full professors, the other environment had a relatively high proportion of women, especially among the full professors.Central to the thesis is how the researchers and doctoral students made a distinction between traditional and new/contemporary AI. Whereas traditional AI was articulated as a delimited technology discipline with the aim of imitating humans, the new form of AI was articulated as disciplinarily vaguer and as striving to support humans; the new AI was articulated as technologies in the service of humans. Based on this division, the thesis examines which technologies, which humans and what kinds of services the articulation of the new AI refers to. It also explores the norms and ideals of being a researcher or doctoral student in the two technology research environments. The thesis highlights some specific ways in which structural and discursive aspects can impact upon how gendered norms and ideals are reproduced and challenged in technology research on influential technologies. The findings indicate that a disruption of the conventional male-dominated gender structure of technology research enables alternative understandings and ways of conducting such research. By examining how interviewees from different gendered technology research directions described their research’s relationship with AI, the thesis also illustrates how researchers’ and doctoral students’ ways of relating to emerging technological phenomena can be understood as parts of wider negotiations about the status of gendered research directions. Furthermore, the thesis discusses how the interviewees’ articulations of the potential benefits of influential technology were influenced by both power-blind and power-critical discourses. This highlights nuances in how researchers and doctoral students engaged in technology research on influential technology understand the relationship between technology research and the wider context of technology. These nuances enable a situated criticism, with greater potential to be heard from within the field itself.
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- Hearn, Jeff, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Sexualities and/in 'Critical' Management Studies
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Routledge companion to critical management studies. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781315889818 - 9780415501880 ; , s. 124-139
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Holgersson, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Gender in nonprofit organizations : A critical review and research agenda
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nonprofit Management & Leadership. - : Wiley. - 1048-6682 .- 1542-7854. ; 34:1, s. 195-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we suggest a research agenda based on a review of literature exploring gender in nonprofit organizations (NPOs) published in key field-specific journals in nonprofit studies. The literature review shows that gender is often included as an unproblematized variable and that few studies focus on organizational processes that (re)produce gender inequalities and promote gender equality in NPOs. There is thus a need to expand our knowledge concerning gender in NPOs. The purpose of this paper is therefore to contribute to the development of empirical and theoretical work concerning organizational processes that (re)produce gender in NPOs. In order to inspire such endeavors, we outline a research agenda that proposes an understanding of gender informed by gender theory, an acknowledgement of NPOs as arenas where gender is (re)produced, and a development of theories on NPOs as gendered organizations.
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| 9. |
- Holgersson, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Reading nonprofit leadership from a gender perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Reframing nonprofit organizations. - Irvine, CA : Melvin & Leigh, Publishers. - 9780999235966 ; , s. 92-105
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Drawing on feminist theory and critique, this chapter explores how gender and gender inequalities are accounted for in mainstream scholarly writings on nonprofit leadership, and discusses the way this affects our understanding of leaders and leadership in nonprofit organizations (NPOs). By this we hope you will have an opportunity to expand your perspective of leadership and at the same time help you obtain a few tools for how to understand this particular topic not only in texts, but also in real life.
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| 10. |
- Holgersson, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Tokenism Revisited : When Organizational Culture Challenges Masculine Norms, the Experience of Token Is Transformed
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Management Review. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1740-4754 .- 1740-4762.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extant research on tokenism has documented the adverse consequences for employees in minority positions and how women's possibility of action is constrained in male-dominated contexts. We present an in-depth qualitative case study of a male-dominated organization in a masculine industry in which, despite all expectations, the experience of tokenism for minority women is ambiguous. Furthermore, these women also display a strong agentic role in an organization in which culture favours gender equality. This case reveals an aspect previously overlooked in studies of tokenism: the importance of organizational culture. By exposing and challenging the implicit masculine norm through its organizational culture, this organization actively engages in the change of gendering processes and contributes to establishing an alternative norm. Theoretical contributions show the impact of normative control on the experience of tokens, and how it provides a frame for action toward gender equality.
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