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- Waltman, Max
(författare)
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Prohibiting Sex Purchasing and Ending Trafficking : The Swedish Prostitution Law
- 2011
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Ingår i: Michigan Journal of International Law. - 1052-2867. ; 33:1, s. 133-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish prostitution law from 1999, now followed by Norway and Iceland, criminalized the purchaser and decriminalized the prostituted person. This is analyzed as a cogent state response under international trafficking law, particularly to the obligations set forth in the United Nation’s Trafficking Protocol from 2000. The Protocol states that a person is regarded a trafficking victim when, e.g., someone abuses her “position of vulnerability” in order to exploit her. International jurisprudence and social evidence strongly suggest that prostitution, as practiced in the world, usually satisfies this definition. Further, the Protocol urges states to reduce the demand for prostitution and to protect and assist victims, for instance by adopting laws deterring purchasers of sex, and by supporting those exploited in prostitution. Policy makers, such as the U.S. Department of State, are criticized for taking an inadequate position in face of the growing evidence from the Swedish law's impact.The article shows that Sweden has significantly reduced the occurrence of trafficking in Sweden compared to neighboring countries. It also scrutinizes some misinformation of the law's impact, showing for instance that claims alleging a more dangerous situation for those still in prostitution after 1999 were unfounded. In addition, the article addresses remaining obstacles to the law's effective implementation, arguing that in order to realize the law's full potential to support escape from trafficking, the civil rights of prostituted persons under current law should be strengthened to enable them to claim damages directly from the purchasers for the harm to which they have contributed, and for the violation of the prostituted persons' equality and dignity - a position now recognized by the government to some extent by clarifying amendments made in 2011.
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- Bergquist, Magnus, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Trust and stakeholder perspectives on the implementation of AI tools in clinical radiology
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 34:1, s. 338-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To define requirements that condition trust in artificial intelligence (AI) as clinical decision support in radiology from the perspective of various stakeholders and to explore ways to fulfil these requirements.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-five respondents—nineteen directly involved in the development, implementation, or use of AI applications in radiology and six working with AI in other areas of healthcare. We designed the questions to explore three themes: development and use of AI, professional decision-making, and management and organizational procedures connected to AI. The transcribed interviews were analysed in an iterative coding process from open coding to theoretically informed thematic coding.Results: We identified four aspects of trust that relate to reliability, transparency, quality verification, and inter-organizational compatibility. These aspects fall under the categories of substantial and procedural requirements.Conclusions: Development of appropriate levels of trust in AI in healthcare is complex and encompasses multiple dimensions of requirements. Various stakeholders will have to be involved in developing AI solutions for healthcare and radiology to fulfil these requirements. Clinical relevance statement: For AI to achieve advances in radiology, it must be given the opportunity to support, rather than replace, human expertise. Support requires trust. Identification of aspects and conditions for trust allows developing AI implementation strategies that facilitate advancing the field.Key Points:• Dimensions of procedural and substantial demands that need to be fulfilled to foster appropriate levels of trust in AI in healthcare are conditioned on aspects related to reliability, transparency, quality verification, and inter-organizational compatibility. • Creating the conditions for trust to emerge requires the involvement of various stakeholders, who will have to compensate the problem’s inherent complexity by finding and promoting well-defined solutions. © 2023, The Author(s).
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- Taubner, Helena, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Signs of aphasia : Online identity and stigma management in post-stroke aphasia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cyberpsychology. - Brno : Masarykova Univerzita. - 1802-7962. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate online strategies for re-negotiating identity, in terms of stigma management, developed by working-age Swedish Internet users with post-stroke aphasia, i.e., acquired language impairment caused by brain injury. Interviews were conducted with nine individuals (aged 26-61, three men and six women) with post-stroke aphasia. In addition, a total of 1,581 screenshots of online posts (e.g., photos, videos, text, emoticons) created by the same participants were collected. Drawing on social semiotics (specifically the three dimensions of online communication mentioned by Kress (2003), i.e., composition, content and context) and Goffman’s theory of stigma (1963, specifically the concepts of stigma management and passing), qualitative thematic analysis was performed. Regarding composition, three themes emerged: Relying on others or technology, Beyond speaking and writing, and Controlling speed and timing. The participants rarely posted content about aphasia, but some of them used the Internet to raise awareness. Different online contexts had different meaning to the participants in terms of identity. Being open about the aphasia in one forum did not imply the same behaviour in another forum (e.g., dating sites). For the participants to pass (Goffman, 1963), should they want to, they needed to control all three dimensions. If the context or the composition revealed the stigma, controlling the content was not enough to pass. The multimodality of the Internet enabled the participants to manage their stigma in a variety of ways and to choose whether to be perceived as persons with aphasia or not.
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- Fuenfschilling, Lea, et al.
(författare)
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Norm-critical innovation as a way forward for responsible innovation? Evidence from a Swedish innovation policy program
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Responsible Innovation. - Philadelphia : Routledge. - 2329-9460 .- 2329-9037. ; 9:3, s. 371-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2014, the Swedish innovation agency Vinnova set up the program ‘Gender and Diversity for Innovation’, which has its roots in norm-critical innovation. In line with rationales for responsible innovation, a central aim of the program is to identify and challenge discriminatory norms to develop more inclusive and equal innovation processes. This article presents the findings of an in-depth analysis of 34 projects funded under the program. It explores how norm-critical innovation has been practiced and performed in various empirical settings and whether norm-critical innovation practices could be a way forward for the implementation of responsible innovation. Using a qualitative research design, we identify the most common activities and outputs in the projects and carve out the core characteristics of norm-critical innovation practice. Furthermore, the paper explores the value and limitation of norm-critical approaches for fostering responsible innovation and addressing societal challenges more broadly. © 2022 The Author(s).
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- Sandberg, Mikael, 1956-
(författare)
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Soft Power, World System Dynamics, and Democratization : A Bass Model of Democracy Diffusion 1800–2000
- 2011
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Ingår i: JASSS. - Surrey : JASSS. - 1460-7425. ; 14:(1) 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political scientists seldom translate system terminology into systems analysis. This article uses Polity IV data to probe system dynamics for studies of the global diffusion of democracy from 1800 to 2000. By analogy with the Bass model of diffusion of innovations (1969), as translated into system dynamics by Sterman (2000), the dynamic explanation proposed focuses on transitions to democracy, soft power, and communication rates on a global level. The analysis suggests that the transition from democratic experiences (“the soft power of democracy”) can be estimated from the systems dynamics simulation of an extended Bass model. Soft power, fueled by the growth in communications worldwide, is today the major force behind the diffusion of democracy. Our findings indicate the applicability of system dynamics simulation tools for the analysis of political change over time in the world system of polities.
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- Johansson Wilén, Evelina, 1985-
(författare)
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Mellan jaget och världen : Feminism och etik under nyliberala villkor
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall purpose of this study is to investigate how the tension between feminism as an ethical and political project is brought into light under neoliberal conditions. More specifically, the aim is to, through 21 interviews with 12 self-defined left-wing Swedish feminists whose living conditions, political action and self-understanding are conditioned by the economic, political and ideological imprints of neo-liberalism, study potential joints and crimes between feminism and neoliberalism and how these relate to the tensions between ethics and politics that have been present long before the entry of neoliberalism on the scene. The analysis is largely done in close dialogue with the feminist political thinkers Wendy Brown, Nancy Fraser and Chantal Mouffe, all of whom have devoted themselves to the relationship between ethics and politics and the effects of neoliberalism on political movements and political subjectivity. It also engages in academic work on neoliberal subjectivity and ideology and progressive movements.
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