1.
Galis, Vasilis, 1978-, et al.
(author)
A Sociology of Treason : The Construction of Weakness
2014
In: Science, Technology and Human Values. - : SAGE Publications. - 0162-2439 .- 1552-8251. ; 39:1, s. 154-179
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
The process of translation has both an excluding and including character. The analysis of actor networks, the process of mobilizing alliances, and constructing networks is a common and worthwhile focus. However, the simultaneous betrayals, dissidences, and controversies are often only implied in network construction stories. We aim to nuance the construction aspect of actor-network theory (ANT) by shining the analytical searchlight elsewhere, where the theoretical tools of ANT have not yet systematically ventured. We argue that we need to understand every process of translation in relation to its simultaneous process of treason, and to add antonyms for Callon's problematization, intressement, enrollment, and mobilization. This enables us to describe powerlessness not as a state but as a process. Our case focuses on the network building around measures for disabled people in the construction of the Athens Metro, during the period 1991-1993. The discussion highlights the efforts of disability organizations to intervene in the initial construction works of the metro project and the simultaneous actions of the Greek government to exclude disability organizations from the design process and to disrupt the accessibility-metro actor network.
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Åsberg, Cecilia, 1974-, et al.
(author)
Posthumanistisk Ordlista
2012. - 1
In: Posthumanistiska nyckeltexter. - Lund, Sverige : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144057477 ; , s. 201-217
Book chapter (peer-reviewed) abstract
Den här boken introducerar några viktiga författare på samtidsaktuella teoriområden. Donna Haraway, Karen Barad, Rosi Braidotti, Michel Callon, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Michel Serres och Annemarie Mol presenteras i boken, som också innehåller översatta texter av dessa namn. Boken ger en bakgrund till och en överblick över ett område i intensiv teoriutveckling. Här presenteras den så kallade materiella, posthumana eller ontologiska vändningen. Här kartläggs grunderna för olika posthumanistiska förhållningssätt till de både mänskliga och icke-mänskliga (djur, miljö, teknik) krafterna i vår värld så som de begreppsliggjorts inom filosofi, feministisk teori, kulturstudier och samhällsvetenskapliga studier av naturvetenskap, medicin och teknik. Genom lästips och en omfattande litteraturlista öppnar boken för fortsatta studier och vidare diskussioner. Avslutningsvis finns också en omfattande ordlista med viktiga nyckelbegrepp som i sig ger en introduktion till ett heterogent forskningsfält. Boken riktar sig till studenter, doktorander och andra nyfikna forskare inom olika tvärvetenskapliga eller disciplinära former av humaniora och samhällsvetenskap.
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Dussauge, Isabelle, 1978-, et al.
(author)
On the Omnipresence, Diversity, and Elusiveness of Values in the Life Sciences
2013
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
Biomedicine – health care and the life sciences – are saturated with values. Valuations of life itself are intermingled with values such as scientific reputation, profitability, fairness, competition, and accessibility of care. Reciprocally, the practices of biomedicine produce values, for instance: public health, the preservation of endangered species, profitability of tamed animals for farming, usability of clinical data, or bodily autonomy.What sets this book apart from many of the dominant theoretical approaches to values (in economics, anthropology, sociology, philosophy, history) is that we take an interest not primarily in values as given entities, but rather as how they are enacted in practices. This leads us down an analytical route where values are seen as the outcome of work, where they are the result of a wide range of activities. Fairness, to take an example that often has currency in the provision of health care services, is thus seen as a value that is inseparable from the work evoking it. In an effort to chart a “value practices” approach to the concerns raised above, we aim to focus on how values are enacted: in actions, in technical practices, and in practices of valuation. Here we will provide some first parts of an outline for such an approach to the study of values as they are enacted in biomedicine. The exercise is rooted in an ambition to consider “values” as something to be explained and explored rather than as a given entity with explanatory power. In this we will try to account both how peoples’ actions draw on values, and how agents’ actions and reactions come to enact values.
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Dussauge, Isabelle, 1978-, et al.
(author)
"Value Practices in the Life Sciences" : Working Towards an Sts Agenda
2012
Conference paper (other academic/artistic) abstract
Our aim is to propose and elaborate a vantage point that focuses on how different values in the life sciences are enacted in actions, in technical practices, and in practices of valuation. Looking at how such ’value practices’ enact values provides a route to investigate the entwinement and conflict of diverse values, be they economic, moral, legal, etc. This overall theoretical starting point represents a pragmatist understanding of values which distinguishes it from the main strands of research in the area, centring around the notions of “moral economy” and “biocapital”. Our theoretical agenda entails articulating a framework for examining ‘values in practice’ that draws on work from science and technology studies more widely. Methodologically and theoretically, we (and all authors in this volume) address value practices, i.e. practices of producing, negotiating, settling values of different kinds in the life sciences.
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Gyberg, Per, 1971-, et al.
(author)
The construction of facts : preconditions for meaning in teaching energy in Swedish classrooms
2010
In: International Journal of Science Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0950-0693 .- 1464-5289. ; 32:9, s. 1173-1189
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
This article investigates the mechanisms that govern the processes of inclusion and exclusion of knowledges. It draws on three cases from Swedish classrooms about how energy is created as an area of knowledge. We are interested in how knowledge is made valid and legitimate in a school context, and in defining and finding tools to identify structures that govern potential meanings in a certain situation. To do this we develop a theoretical model that explains the preconditions for meaning. The purpose is to understand why certain knowledges are legitimated in the classroom and to explain how this happens. The analysis is based on participatory observations in classrooms, audio recordings of students engaged in group projects, educational materials, and the students' own work. The apparatuses of the school offer a wide range of possible meanings concerning energy. At the same time there are forces evolved in the school practice that effectively sift out what counts as values from what counts as facts and valid knowledge. These forces create a certain order and certain effects for what counts as truth. The article investigates the nature of the correlations between the different preconditions identified that makes one discourse more likely and “true” than another.
