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- Grübler, Arnulf, et al.
(författare)
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Policies for the Energy Technology Innovation System (ETIS)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Global Energy Assessment: Toward a Sustainable Future. - 9780521182935 ; , s. 1665-1744
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and introduction of heat pumps provides an interesting illustration of policy influence and effectiveness in relation to energy technology innovation. Heat pumps have been supported by several countries since the 1970s as a strategy to improve energy efficiency, support energy security, reduce environmental degradation, and combat climate change. Sweden and Switzerland have been essential to the development and commercialization of heat pumps in Europe. In both countries, numerous policy incentives have lined the path of technology and market development. Early policy initiatives were poorly coordinated but supported technology development, entrepreneurial experimentation, knowledge development, and the involvement of important actors in networks and organisations. The market collapse in the mid 1980s could have resulted in a total failure ‐ but did not. The research programmes continued in the 1980s, and a new set of stakeholders formed ‐ both publicly and privately funded researchers, authorities, and institutions ‐ and provided an important platform for further development. In the 1990s and 2000s, Sweden and Switzerland introduced more coordinated and strategic policy incentives for the development of heat pumps. The approaches were flexible and adjusted over time. The policy interventions in both countries supported learning, successful development and diffusion processes, and cost reductions. This assessment of innovation and diffusion policies for heat pump systems can be used to generalise some insights for energy technology innovation policy.
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- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Energy efficiency behaviour in the built environment—an assessment of current evaluation practices in the Nordic countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 14:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behavioural change is expected to play a significant role in the transformation to a more energy efficient built environment. Despite this, current evaluation practice of interventions often overlook behavioural aspects in their ambition of advancing our knowledge on transformative change. Moreover, little attention is paid to how different research perspectives on human behaviour can complement each other in providing a broader scope and deeper understanding of behavioural change. In this study, we acknowledge this gap, and assess the current evaluation practices on behaviour. The focus is on energy efficiency in the built environment in the Nordic countries, and evaluations undertaken by researchers. The assessment shows that the Nordic evaluations apply a variety of disciplinary approaches, but have only to a limited extent addressed a psychological understanding of individual behaviour and behavioural change. We analyse and discuss the potential contribution of environmental psychology in strengthening a cross disciplinary evaluation approach. In all, the results indicate the value of also adding environmental psychology, to provide a stronger cross disciplinary understanding of behavioural change, and the need to coordinate and combine evaluations departing from different disciplinary approaches, to improve understanding of the transformational process.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Thomas B, et al.
(författare)
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The Potentials of Renewable Energy
- 2006
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy: A Global Review of Technologies, Policies, and Markets. - 9781844072613
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedRenewable energy flows are very large in comparison with humankind’s use of energy. Therefore, in principle, all our energy needs, both now and into the future, can be met by energy from renewable sources. Technologies exist that convert renewable energy flows to modern energy carriers or directly into desired energy services. Technological development during the last decade has resulted in modern renewable energy supply becoming competitive in many situations. Further technological development and industrial learning will continue to bring costs down. When environmental costs and security of supply considerations are included, renewable energy has even wider markets. With decisive efforts to speed up this dissemination, all human energy needs could be met by rerouting a small fraction of naturally occurring renewable energy flows within a century.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Thomas B, et al.
(författare)
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The Potentials of Renewable Energy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings for the International Conference for Renewable Energies, 1 to 4 June 2004, Bonn, Germany.. ; , s. 40-40
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Kiss, Bernadett, et al.
(författare)
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Heat Pumps: A Comparative Assessment of Innovation and Diffusion Policies in Sweden and Switzerland
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy Technology Innovation - Learning from Historical Successes and Failures. - 9781107023222 ; , s. 118-132
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and introduction of heat pumps provides an interesting illustration of policy influence and effectiveness in relation to energy technology innovation. Heat pumps have been supported by several countries since the 1970s as a strategy to improve energy efficiency, support energy security, reduce environmental degradation, and combat climate change. Sweden and Switzerland have been essential to the development and commercialization of heat pumps in Europe. In both countries, numerous policy incentives have lined the path of technology and market development. Early policy initiatives were poorly coordinated but supported technology development, entrepreneurial experimentation, knowledge development, and the involvement of important actors in networks and organisations. The market collapse in the mid 1980s could have resulted in a total failure ‐ but did not. The research programmes continued in the 1980s, and a new set of stakeholders formed ‐ both publicly and privately funded researchers, authorities, and institutions ‐ and provided an important platform for further development. In the 1990s and 2000s, Sweden and Switzerland introduced more coordinated and strategic policy incentives for the development of heat pumps. The approaches were flexible and adjusted over time. The policy interventions in both countries supported learning, successful development and diffusion processes, and cost reductions. This assessment of innovation and diffusion policies for heat pump systems can be used to generalise some insights for energy technology innovation policy.
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| 10. |
- Kiss, Bernadett, et al.
(författare)
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Policy Instruments for Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Experiences and Lessons from the Nordic Countries
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic countries have often been seen as “fore-runners” of energy efficiency in buildings – in both the implementation of policy instruments and the evaluation of effects. Since the 1970s, the Nordic countries have introduced a range of policy instruments for energy conservation in buildings. The choice of instruments and experiences, however differs between countries. The aim of this study is to review policy instruments for energy efficiency in buildings in the Nordic countries as well as to analyse how to advance related learning processes. The study discusses traditional and innovative policy instruments, organisational matters, and policy evaluations. An overall observation from this study is that Sweden is “slowing down” its energy efficiency activities in the building sector, while Denmark, Finland and Norway are all “speeding up”. Denmark is leading the way on implementing policy instruments, which are long-term, strategic, innovative and well-supported by the organisational structure. This study also concludes that energy efficiency often lacks influential organisations to “drive” efforts forwards – in terms of information, networking, research and innovation. Finally, there is often no strategic approach to evaluations in the Nordic countries with a focus on how to improve learning.
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