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| 2. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Costs of alien invasive species in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 38:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to present calculations of total costs of 13 alien invasive species (AIS) in Sweden. All species are subject to control by Swedish public authorities, and estimates for most AIS include either damage cost or actual control cost. The results indicate a total annual cost between approximately 1620 and 5080 million SEK, which correspond to SEK 175 and SEK 565 per capita in Sweden. The estimates are well within the range of similar calculations for other countries, but differ with respect to the composition of costs of different AIS. Whereas costs for the agricultural and forestry sectors dominate in most other studies, the costs of AIS in Sweden are more equally divided among different categories. The results also indicate that the highest costs are attributable to unintentionally introduced AIS and that the most reliable cost estimates are related to human and animal health.
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| 3. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Does divergence of nutrient load measurements matter for successful mitigation of marine eutrophication?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 41:2, s. 151-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Successful implementation of an international nutrient abatement agreement, such as the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), requires consistent understanding of the baseline nutrient loads, and a perception of acceptable costs and fairness in targeted reductions of these base line loads. This article presents a general framework for identifying the implications of divergence between different nutrient load quantification approaches, with regard to both cost and fairness criteria outcomes, for the international agreement to decrease nutrient loads into the Baltic Sea as presented in the BSAP. The results indicate that even relatively small divergence in the nutrient load quantification translates into relatively large differences in abatement cost for different Baltic Sea countries. A robust result, irrespective of differences in nutrient load assessments, is a conflict between abatement cost effectiveness and fairness, with relatively poor countries facing heavy abatement cost burdens for cost-effective international load abatement.
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| 4. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem services and regional development : An application to Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0921-8009 .- 1873-6106. ; :68, s. 2549-2559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study carries out interregional comparisons of development and sustainable use of natural capital with and without inclusion of non-marketed ecosystem services. A simple dynamic model of an open economy shows that appropriate adjustment of conventional income accounts includes flow and stock components, but excludes explicit entrance of pollution. Calculations are made for Swedish regions and for two types of ecosystem services - pollution sequestration and recreational services - provided by three types of ecosystems: forests, agricultural landscape and wetlands. When comparing the adjusted and non-adjusted regional income accounts it is shown that the two measurements generate significantly different pictures of regional income and growth; regions that are traditionally considered as relatively less growth promoting are shown to hold important sources of wealth from natural capital, while counties that are rich in conventional accounts fall behind when adjusting for values of changes in natural capital.
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| 7. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie
(författare)
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Kostnader och värden av vildsvin
- 2018
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Ingår i: Jakt & jägare. - 1401-8306. ; , s. 16-16
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Holstein, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Violation of environmental regulations in Sweden: economic motives, environmental attitudes, and social capital
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper tests the explanatory power of traditional enforcement instruments, environmental attitudes and abundance of social capital for violation of environmental regulations in Sweden. A count data model is used on a panel data set obtained from a survey to inspectors at the local and regional jurisdictions in Sweden. Regressions analyses are carried out for all firms but also for different firm categories depending on environmental impacts. The results indicate that traditional enforcement weapons, measured as number of inspection and a formal inspection style, curb violation by all types of firm categories. On the other hand, significant results are that environmental attitudes and abundance of social capital deter violation by large firms, but have no impact on violation by firms with minor environmental impacts.
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| 9. |
- Tirkaso, Wondmagegn Tafesse, et al.
(författare)
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Biodiversity Restoration and Renewable Energy from Hydropower: Conflict or Synergy?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Selected Studies in Biodiversity. - : InTech. - 9781789232325 ; , s. 119-131
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydropower plants have a negative impact on biodiversity by transforming stream habitat and hydrology and thereby affecting aquatic organisms negatively. The negative effects can be mitigated by releasing water into the old river bed. This study investigates if the measure of releasing water creates costs and if ecological conditions at the old river bed contribute to such an impact. To this end, we used the cost-minimization framework in economics for deriving hypotheses. Tests were made with data from a survey to 76 hydropower plants in Sweden with questions on existence of a cost, size of the plant, type of water release from reservoirs, characteristics of the dried downstream old river bed, and official statistics on ecological status of the downstream dried segments. The results showed that 42% of the plants reported no cost, measured as impact on electricity production, from release of water into downstream old river bed. We applied logit and probit models to explain the probability of a cost. Significant results were obtained were the electricity produced and program for minimum water discharges increase the probability of loss in electricity production, but favorable ecological conditions in the old river bed decrease the probability of a cost.
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| 10. |
- Tirkaso, Wondmagegn Tafesse, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Cost Efficiency in Hydropower-Related Biodiversity Restoration Projects in Sweden - A stochastic frontier approach
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Various restoration projects intended to mitigate the adverse ecological effects of hydropower plants, e.g., restoration of fish habitats and spawning grounds, have been implemented in different parts of Sweden. However, it is unclear whether these projects are economically in line with least-cost principles. Therefore, we estimated the cost frontier function of the projects and predicted the corresponding efficiency level by a stochastic frontier analysis. The estimates are based on a survey data from 245 projects in Sweden that are carried out between 1986 and 2015. This dataset contains expert judgments on the effects of each projects in terms of different ecological indicators. The results indicated an evidence of cost inefficiency in the projects, which had an average efficiency score of 55%, suggesting potential to minimize cost efficiency loss by 45%. Factors such as project duration, project management class, and restoration measure type were statistically significant determinants of the cost inefficiency score. Notably, projects owned by private and non-government principals showed better performance than projects owned by municipalities and national authorities such as the Swedish Forestry Agency and the Swedish Transport Administration.
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