| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Wages, Income Distribution and Economic Growth: Long-Run Perspectives in Scandinavia, 1900-2010
- 2021
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Ingår i: Review of Political Economy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-8259 .- 1465-3982. ; 33:4, s. 725-745
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article views analysis of the influence of capital-labour income distribution on economic growth from a historical perspective, using data from 1900 onwards. We study the three Scandinavian countries of Sweden, Denmark and Norway, where conventional accounts of the postwar growth miracles in these small, open economies have emphasized the role of wage restraint, favouring profits and investment over consumption. Instead, we show that the 1950s and 1960s saw growing wage shares, and use the Bhaduri-Marglin model to econometrically analyse the effects on consumption, investment, exports and imports and the total effects on GDP. Furthermore, we estimate the effects of wage pressure on labour productivity. Growing wage shares have had a small positive effect on GDP growth in Sweden, Denmark and Norway, and the positive effect was larger in the postwar period than in other times. However, the positive growth effects of wage pressure were modest as the demand was only weakly wage-led. In contrast, supply side effects were large. Labour productivity was stimulated by vigorous wage increases, as argued by the Swedish Rehn-Meidner model as well as by post-Keynesian economists. The present investigation opens several further avenues for research on the distribution-growth nexus.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Do Employers Use Unemployment as a Sorting Criterion When Hiring? Evidence from a Field Experiment
- 2014
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Ingår i: The American Economic Review. - : American Economic Association. - 0002-8282 .- 1944-7981. ; 104:3, s. 1014-1039
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stigma associated with long-term unemployment spells could create large inefficiencies in labor markets. While the existing literature points toward large stigma effects, it has proven difficult to estimate causal relationships. Using data from a field experiment, we find that long-term unemployment spells in the past do not matter for employers' hiring decisions, suggesting that subsequent work experience eliminate this negative signal. Nor do employers treat contemporary short-term unemployment spells differently, suggesting that they understand that worker/firm matching takes time. However, employers attach a negative value to contemporary unemployment spells lasting at least nine months, providing evidence of stigma effects.
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| 3. |
- Hultman, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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A Resourcification Manifesto: Understanding the Social Process of Resources Becoming Resources
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 50:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In times of major global interconnectedness and environmental change, the pressure to identify, create, and exploit new resources is certain to intensify. Given that there are unavoidable trade-offs, conflicts, and arenas for violence involved when increasingly more material and immaterial things are turned into resources, we call for explicit research on the very process – a process that we label resourcification. The concept of resourcification shifts attention from essentialist queries about the nature of resources to a focus on the social processes through which things are turned into resources. In search of a better understanding of resources in the Anthropocene and, in particular, an understanding about the way resources emerge and are used, resourcification offers a new conceptual framework that allows for a systematic search for knowledge about the diversity of contexts, conditions, modes, and temporalities of resourcification. This Resourcification Manifesto offers a theoretical and empirical framework for a radical and disruptive approach to innovation, sustainability, and management studies and policies.
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| 4. |
- Biegańska, Jadwiga, et al.
(författare)
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From policy to misery? The State Agricultural Farms vs. 'the rural'
- 2019
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Ingår i: Quaestiones Geographicae. - : Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan. - 2082-2103 .- 2081-6383 .- 0137-477X. ; 38:4, s. 77-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1989 was a turning point within the socio-economic development in the former Eastern bloc, initiating a system transformation that affected the society at large. It also contributed to the crystallisation of certain cultural landscapes, hitherto largely illegible due to the inhibition of spatial processes encountered during Communism. In Poland, after a quarter-century of free market economy, the focus on social problems began to expand to the spatial realm as well. It became apparent that the progressive social polarisation that followed was most prominent in environments striated by a particular landscape type – the former State Agricultural Farm (PGR). Considering PGRs “the epitome of rurality” subject to ideas informing the direction of contemporary “rural development” prompts a different way of looking at the problem. In this paper, we investigate the concept of rurality in the discursive tenor of implemented policy and contrast it with contextualised empirical examples. Our findings suggest that efficient policy should be confronted with the expectations of residents at the local level, while introducing top-down actions usually ends in failure as in the case of post-PGR estates.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Grönberg, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Desirable skills? : Non-Nordic citizens applying for work permits in Sweden, 1947–1950
- 2015
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Ingår i: Labor history. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0023-656X .- 1469-9702. ; 56:4, s. 481-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden's rapid economic growth after the Second World War meant that the native labour supply was incapable of meeting the high demand, especially for industrial labourers. Three agreements on organised collective transfers were signed, but a large majority of the labour migrants came on their own initiative. Not all applicants were equally welcomed. In this article, logistic regressions are used to investigate a sample of 2830 (every fifth) applications to the National Labour Market Board (AMS) from the years 1947–1950; 1367 had an arrangement with a future Swedish employer, while 1463 applicants lacked such an arrangement. The likelihood of being granted a permit was 11 times higher for the first category. Our hypothesis that the chances were better for high-skilled workers proved true only in part; it was valid if they had an employer agreement. Contrary to our assumptions, women had a better chance than men, partly because domestic servants were always permitted and partly because women did not compete with male labour. However, our assumptions with regard to better chances for the young but experienced, and for those applying for the occupation wherein they had their experience held true. A number of official documents revealed the desirability of Sudeten German labourers. They were viewed as skilled, reliable and loyal by employers, labour unions and governmental authorities. This assumption only held true for applicants lacking an employer. This can be viewed as a prolongation of the practice of helping Sudeten German Social Democrats, established in 1938. The intention to help refugees was, however, also evident in the treatment of Baltic and Polish applicants.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Malin, 1985
(författare)
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Varför du såg The Wire
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ord & Bild. - 0030-4492 .- 1402-2508. ; :3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Om postfordistiska ekonomier, globala produktionskedjor och tv-serier.
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| 8. |
- Moore, Jason W., 1971-
(författare)
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'Amsterdam is Standing on Norway', Part I : The Alchemy of Capital, Empire and Nature in the Diaspora of Silver, 1545–1648
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Agrarian Change. - 1471-0358 .- 1471-0366. ; 10:1, s. 33-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the first of two essays in this Journal, I seek to unify the historicalgeography of early modern ‘European expansion’ (Iberia and Latin America)with the environmental history of the ‘transition to capitalism’ (northwestern Europe). The expansion of Europe’s overseas empires and the transitions to capitalism within Europe were differentiated moments within the geographicalexpansion of commodity production and exchange – what I call the commodityfrontier. This essay is developed in two movements. Beginning with a conceptual and methodological recasting of the historical geography of the rise of capitalism,I offer an analytical narrative that follows the early modern diaspora of silver.This account follows the political ecology of silver production and trade from the Andes to Spain in Braudel’s ‘second’ sixteenth century (c. 1545–1648). In highlighting the Ibero-American moment of this process in the present essay, Icontend that the spectacular reorganization of Andean space and the progressive dilapidation of Spain’s real economy not only signified the rise and demise of a trans-Atlantic, Iberian ecological regime, but also generated the historicallynecessary conditions for the unprecedented concentration of accumulation andcommodity production in the capitalist North Atlantic in the centuries thatfollowed.
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| 9. |
- Ejermo, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish business research productivity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Industrial and Corporate Change. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0960-6491 .- 1464-3650. ; 20:4, s. 1081-1118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden experienced an increase in the ratio of granted patents to research and development spending (R&D) between 1989 and 1998, a period when R&D spending grew rapidly. The ratio of patents granted to R&D spending (research productivity) increased by 40% over the period, and the ratio of quality-adjusted patents to R&D exhibited an even more impressive increase of 60%. Sectors with especially high research productivity and quality-adjusted research productivity include low and medium technology manufacturing, chemicals and transportation. However, the growth in quality-adjusted research productivity was primarily generated by the high-tech pharmaceuticals and electronics industries. The service-based sectors experienced a significant increase in R&D spending over the period, but the research productivity decreased.
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| 10. |
- Qi, Haodong, et al.
(författare)
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Extending Working Life : Experiences from Sweden, 1981–2011
- 2019
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Ingår i: Vienna Yearbook of Population Research. - : Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. - 1728-4414 .- 1728-5305. ; 17, s. 99-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population ageing is making it increasingly difficult for countries to sustain theircurrent levels social welfare transfers from the economically active populationto the dependent elderly. To meet this challenge, the Swedish government hasimplemented various reforms since the 1990s aimed at reducing incentives totake early retirement. However, a critical question has emerged in response tothese reforms: namely, whether members of certain socially and demographicallydisadvantaged groups will, in practice, be able to work longer. This paper providesa detailed overview of retirement trends in Sweden, disaggregated by educationalattainment, health status, and country of birth. Our results show that the growthpattern in the average effective retirement age since the mid-1990s was shared byindividuals regardless of their educational level, health status, or country of birth.This shared growth pattern suggests that it is possible to extend the working livesof all groups of individuals, regardless of their socio-economic and demographiccharacteristics.
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