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- Otto, Opira
(författare)
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Trust, identity and beer : institutional arrangements for agricultural labour in Isunga village in Kiryandongo district, midwestern Uganda
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the role and influence of institutions on agricultural labour transactions in Isunga village in Kiryandongo District, Midwestern Uganda. It primarily focuses on how farmers structure, maintain and enforce their labour relationships during crop farming. The study is based on semi-structured interviews of twenty households and unstructured interviews with representatives of farmers associations. These interviews show that other than household labour, the other common labour arrangements in the village include farm work sharing, labour exchanges and casual wage labour. Farm work sharing and labour exchanges involve farmers temporarily pooling their labour into work groups to complete tasks such as planting, weeding or harvesting crops on members' farms in succession. This is done under strict rules and rewarded with 'good' beer and food. Against this background, the study asks what institutions really are, why they matter and what we can learn about them. Literature suggests that institutions influence labour transactions by their effects on transaction costs and the protection of contractual rights. However, literature does not suggest which institutions are best for agricultural labour transactions. Taking institutions to be the 'rules of the game', with farmers as 'players' who strategically use these rules to their advantage, the study focused on the interaction between institutions and farmers. The major findings of the study are: (a) farmers' choices of institutions are influenced by the characteristics of transactions, the costs of using institutions for handling labour dealings, the fairness and predictability of the outcome of contract enforcement mechanisms, and socio-cultural factors such as kin/ethnic status, morality and affection, (b) formal institutions in Isunga are either weak, ineffective or absent. So, farmers rely heavily on institutions embedded in social norms and networks to structure their transactional relationships, to ensure the performance of the respective parties, and to settle disputes if they arise. The study concludes that agricultural labour transactions in Isunga involve judgements of personal characteristics and social roles expressed as reputation and trustworthiness.
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| 2. |
- Sandgren, Fredrik, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Towns and rural industrialisation in Sweden 1850-1890: A spatial statistical approach
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - London : Routledge. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 57:3, s. 229-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a spatial statistical analysis we study the relation between rural industrial employment and distance to towns and access to communications in nineteenth century Sweden. Our results show that rural parishes with access to communicationshad a higher proportion of rural industrial workers than parishes without. In a region with few towns, the south-east of Sweden, parishes close to large towns had a higher proportion of industrial employees than distant parishes in1850, while no significant correlation was observed in 1890. In a region with arelatively dense urban system, Mälardalen, only in 1890 did parishes close to large towns show a higher proportion of rural industrial workers than did more distant parishes. However, the mean positive effect was negligible beyond 10 km. Thus, in the second half of the nineteenth century the immediate urban hinterland was industrialising prior to large scale urbanisation and urban industrialisation.
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| 3. |
- Olausson, Inger, 1969-
(författare)
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Market gardens in Sweden 1900-1950 with four case studies from Stockholm County
- 2015
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Ingår i: ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1108XXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014): V International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture and International Symposium on Sustainable Management in the Urban Forest. - : International Society for Horticultural Science. - 9789462611023 ; 1108, s. 123-129
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The links between market gardens and cities were symbiotic until the mid-1900s. In my thesis about market gardens in Sweden 1900-1950, four market gardens in Stockholm County are investigated, trying to find out how different resources and strategies contributed to the businesses competitiveness. Two of the market gardens belonged to mansions with all the staff employed. The other two were established as family businesses by entrepreneurs without employees. Garden products are sensitive to bumps, heat, low temperatures, etc. Due to this, the access to a nearby market was necessary at that time. The development of the trade with garden products was linked to a fast-growing population in the cities, the growing demand for garden products, and the development of the transport sector. From the growing city, gardeners bought horse manure, garbage, or anything that produced heat to the hotbeds when it decomposed. Most of the market gardens were small family businesses situated on small plots. In the 1930s and 1940s in 75% of the businesses a maximum of three people were engaged. The production was both resource-demanding and labour-intensive. The use of hotbeds and greenhouses extended the growing season and made it possible to grow all year around. The gardenerRSQUOs dependence on merchandises increased like an avalanche to beat the growing competition on the market. The import, often of high quality products, was growing very fast and affected the interest for garden products. It forced the domestic horticulture industry to increase the quality and effectiveness of the production.
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| 4. |
- Rommel, Jens
(författare)
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Is There a Cult of Statistical Significance in Agricultural Economics?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. - : Wiley. - 2040-5790 .- 2040-5804. ; 43, s. 1176-1191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- McCloskey and Ziliak analyzed two decades of econometric practice in the American Economic Review (AER). We review the arguments and develop a questionnaire, applying it to three Agricultural Economics journals and the AER. Statistical practice improved over time, but a greater focus on economic significance is still needed. Considering the power of tests and discussing the economic consequences of type I and type II error were rarely practiced. The AER and the American Journal of Agricultural Economics did not substantially differ in their performance. We discuss examples of statistical practice and conclude with implications for the publication process and teaching.
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| 8. |
- Myrdal, Janken
(författare)
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Source pluralism as a method of historical research
- 2012
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Ingår i: Historical knowledge. - Newcastle upon Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing. - 9781443834513 - 1443834513 ; , s. 155-189
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Olausson, Inger
(författare)
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En blomstrande marknad : handelsträdgårdar i Sverige 1900-1950 med fyra fallstudier i Stockholms län
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingen syftar till att fördjupa förståelsen för handelsträdgårdarnas verksamhet och trädgårdsnäringens utveckling i Sverige under perioden 1900–1950. Den är ett bidrag till forskningen om den yrkesmässiga, kommersiella trädgårdsodlingens historia i Sverige efter industrialismens genombrott, vilket är ett eftersatt forskningsområde. Handelsträdgårdar var trädgårdsodlingar med yrkesmässig produktion av grönsaker, blommor, bär, frukt och ettåriga utplanteringsväxter. Det var en intensiv och resurskrävande produktion på friland, i drivbänkar och växthus. Fyra handelsträdgårdar i det som vid tiden var Stockholms län, studeras som fallstudier. Två var herrgårdsträdgårdar med anställd arbetskraft och två enskilda familjeföretag, vilket möjliggör en jämförelse mellan dessa båda typer av handelsträdgårdar. Källmaterialen har bland annat bestått av räkenskaper, korrespondens, dagböcker, fotografier och insamlingen av sådant material utgjorde en del av avhandlingsarbetet. Teorier och begrepp har hämtats från företagsekonomi och entreprenörskap och har använts för att synliggöra, tydliggöra och resonera kring skeenden i fallstudierna. Frågeställningarna rör handelsträdgårdarnas resursbehov, strategier, konkurrenskraft, sortiment och flexibilitet. Några av de teman som behandlas mer ingående är trädgårdsmästarens kunskap och kunskapsuppbyggnad, odling och odlingsteknik, det odlade sortimentet, handelsträdgårdarnas lokalisering, avsättningen av trädgårdsprodukter samt sociala, politiska och ekonomiska förändringar i samhället som påverkade trädgårdsnäringen och dess aktörer. Under tidsperioden ökade efterfrågan av trädgårdsprodukter och både den inhemska produktionen och importen av dessa varor ökade. Under de båda världskrigen begränsades importen vilket gynnade odlingen inom landet. Vid seklets början var närheten till städer och tätorter betydelsefull för att få tillgång till viktiga resurser, framför allt en marknad för avsättningen av de ömtåliga, skrymmande produkterna och tillgång till gödsel, latrin och annat avfall till varmbänkarna. Den ökande konkurrenssituationen för odlarna bidrog till att produktion, odlingsteknik och sortiment förändrades liksom handel och transportsystem. Det organisatoriska avståndet mellan producent och konsument blev längre liksom det i tid och rum. Då mellanhänderna blev fler förändrades kraven på produkterna mot en ökad tålighet och enhetlighet.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Martin
(författare)
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1500-talets ekonomi
- 2023
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Ingår i: Liberal Debatt. - 0024-1814.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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