| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Nordin, Martin
(författare)
-
Studies in Educational Attainment and Returns to Education
- 2005
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis consists of two separate studies on educational attainment and returns to education. The first paper, “Ethnic Segregation and Educational Attainment in Sweden”, studies whether youths brought up in ethnically segregated neighbourhoods differ in educational attainment from youths brought up in more affluent neighbourhoods, after controlling for family characteristics. The ethnically segregated neighbourhoods are to a large extent the areas which the Commission on Metropolitan Areas in Sweden has identified as the most socially disadvantaged areas in Sweden. Our assumption is that the ethnic segregation rate in a neighbourhood is an indicator of the social status of the neighbourhood. Besides an ordered probit model the paper also uses propensity score matching as an alternative method to analyze the issues raised in the paper. Our results indicate that there is an association between educational attainment and growing up in an ethnically segregated neighbourhood. The main objective of the second paper, “Ability and Rates of Return to Schooling - making use of the Swedish Enlistment Battery Test”, is to estimate and compare the return to investments in education for men belonging to different parts of the ability distribution. Our ability measure is the achievement test score from the Swedish Military Enlistment Battery. We find that a higher score on the Swedish Enlistment test is associated with a higher return to schooling. The relationship between the return to schooling and the test score does however seem to be decreasing in the test score. Thus, it is primarily the ability specific return to schooling for the lower test groups that diverts from the average return to schooling.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Albrecht, Martin
(författare)
-
Enabling socio-technical transitions – electric vehicles and high voltage electricity grids as focal points of low emission futures
- 2017
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today humankind is facing numerous sustainability challenges that require us to question CO2 intensive practices like those present in the transport and energy sector. To meet those challenges, many countries have adopted ambitious climate targets. Achieving such targets requires an understanding of the wider socio-technical context of transitions. The aim of this licentiate thesis is therefore to analyse such socio-technical transitions towards low-emission futures enabled by the electrification of passenger cars and high voltage grid development.A combination of different transitions theories (for ex. Multi-level perspective and Technological innovation systems) and institutional theory has been used. To reach the aim paper I analyses the climate impacts of electric vehicles (EVs) and policy measures to achieve a breakthrough scenario for EVs. The results show that a mixture of short and long term policies are needed that take into account the technology development stage and behavioural aspects of EV adopters. Paper II addresses the need to include the high voltage transmission grid and its planning procedures as a central part of debates on transitions. Therefore the opportunities, challenges and reasons for conflict in the established regime are studied. The results show that in order to achieve a sustainable grid development regime, it is necessary to spend time on achieving legitimacy and social sustainability. The third paper uses semi-structured expert interviews and focuses on innovation dynamics for EV adoption. By focusing on dynamics instead of single policy measures, it is possible to grasp interactions within a niche, but also in between a niche, regime and landscape. The results show that strong initial technology legitimacy was needed to start substantial innovation dynamics. This could be further strengthened with a strong and broad coalition of actors. Both those factors led, if present, to an improved variety and match of policy instruments.As such this thesis has shown that transitions are not just about technology or policy instruments as such but about the dynamics and processes needed to enable them. This can be relevant in other transitions that otherwise may underestimate the importance of these components.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Arnberg, Klara, 1979-
(författare)
-
En ohejdad kommersialism? : Den pornografiska pressen och regleringen av pornografi i Sverige 1950-2000
- 2007
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis describes the Swedish pornography policy and how this policy affected the pornography industry. The main aim of the study is to survey the development of the Swedish porn industry 1950-2000 and to consider how it was imagined both as an industry, and as a commercialized form of sexuality. The focus is on the relationship between the pornography industry and the state, and to study this relationship, the thesis is divided into three different but related parts. The first part concerns the institutional settings with main focus on the abolition of censorship in 1971. The political debates about legalizing pornography are studied in order to ascertain how industry and its actors are conceptualized in this context. It also draws attention to why regulation of the industry was considered necessary in the first place, as well as the how changes in the legislation affected the economic development of the industry itself. The second part concerns the Swedish pornographic press. My purpose is to map out all publishing houses that produced pornographic magazines from 1950 to 2000, and to chart some aspects of their economic fortunes. The history of pornography and connections to technological change is also studied in terms of estimating the influence of the video breakthrough on sales figures and market strategies for the publishing houses that had to deal with this development. In the third part, I study the regulation in action, i.e. when the publishers of pornographic magazines are prosecuted. I analyze all of the pre-1971 prosecutions – that is, the prosecutions that took place before regulation was removed. Using these records, it is possible to determine how the regulation was implemented, what content was considered harmful, and how that changed over time. This material, that includes the preliminary investigations from the police, also shows how the pornography producers handle the institutional settings to escape responsibilities and punishment. In this thesis, I show that the pornography industry in Sweden has a complex and changing relationship to the state. Although pornography is unwanted by politicians during the period, pornography is allowed to publish pictures without any restriction on sexual content in the 1970s. The argument for the deregulation is that censorship is incompatible with a modern democratic and liberal state. Pornography serves as a modern dilemma when the phenomenon is viewed as incompatible with a modern society, conflicting with the goal of gender equality, and when a regulation is seen as incompatible with the idea of basic liberties in a modern democracy. When it comes to the industry it shows that, quite unexpected, a lot of companies are run by women or as family businesses. There are no empirical grounds for the claim that pornography is an all male industry then, at least not in the Swedish case. The study also shows that the Swedish pornography industry was well established before the law change.
|
|
| 8. |
- Baigabylova, Nurgul
(författare)
-
Internationalization of production in Kazakhstan and its economic implications: the role of foreign investment and transnational corporations
- 2012
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis examines the development of internationalization of production in Kazakhstan and its economic implications over the period 1991-2010. The main objectives of the thesis are to investigate the role of foreign investment and TNCs in the economic growth of Kazakhstan since its independence in 1991 and onward, to explore the motives that foreign enterprises have for investing in Kazakhstan, and to understand how the internationalization of production affected the Kazakhstani economy during the period 1991-2010. In order to address these objectives, the thesis utilizes Dunning’s eclectic paradigm to analyze the determinants of foreign investment in Kazakhstan. It also explores whether FDI in Kazakhstan is resource-seeking or market-seeking. The foreign investors are mainly interested in the extractive industries in Kazakhstan. In the period 1991-2010, on average 76 percent of the total FDI in the country was attracted to the primary sectors, mainly to oil and gas extraction, while the share of market-seeking investment was less than 3% of the total FDI inflow to Kazakhstan. The assessment of the Investment Development Path of Kazakhstan over the last two decades suggests that the level of development of the country may correspond to either stage II or III. The relatively high income level of Kazakhstan supports the conclusion that the country is entering stage III; however, the changes of inward and outward FDI in Kazakhstan, leading to increasingly negative NOI positions, characterize a country at stage II of the IDP. The second stage of the IDP is also characterized by significantly increasing inward FDI due to the development of some L-specific advantages that raise the country’s attractiveness to TNCs. However, outward FDI remains very limited because the O-advantages of domestic firms are still weak.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Bohman, Anna, 1975-
(författare)
-
Framing the Water Challenge : Multilateral donor policies for water supply and sanitation 1960-2005
- 2006
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Opinions on what is best way to provide more people in low income countries with adequate water and sanitation services have changed over time. A recent policy paradigm suggests that private companies should be involved in WSS service provision to improve the situation for those in need. This study looks at how issues of water supply and sanitation (WSS) have been confronted by the international donor community and how strategies to improve performance in this sector have changed from the early 1970’s up until today. The evolution of ideas and strategies are linked to overall development policies in order to better understand the forces that have shaped policy redirections in the sector. In addition, the case study of Ghana gives a preliminary picture of how donor policies have been played out in a national context. The concept of problem frames is used as an analytical tool in order to highlight how ideas change and replace each other but also to illustrate how problem frames are becoming more inclusive as new knowledge and experiences are gained. The study finds that while hardware knowledge such as engineering skills were put at the forefront to begin with, software matters such as capacity building and appropriate management of the sector gained increased attention with time. As the water challenge becomes increasingly framed as a matter of managing scarcity, the economic value of water is emphasized and private sector participation is promoted on a larger scale. With time the cross sectoral nature of the WSS issue gains increased attention as its overall impact on poverty reduction and environmental sustainability is emphasized. This holistic approach also contributes to an increased emphasis on sanitation as important to sustainable WSS systems and services. The case study of Ghana shows that all in all, institutional change within the Ghanaian WSS sector during the post independence era, mirror international policy trends. Power is moving out from the state in different directions and responsibilities are gradually hived off from the central organization to local authorities or other agencies working on specific issues. Subsidies on water tariffs are abolished and at the end of the period the private sector is also invited to act in the sector. However, recent trends indicate that as democracy deepens and civil society is growing stronger this also effects policy development in the Ghanaian WSS sector.
|
|
