| 1. |
- Blix, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Tid att följa upp : Digital tidmätning i svensk hemtjänst
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digitala tidmätningssystem används i svensk hemtjänst för att mäta och följa upp hemtjänstbesökens längd och innehåll. Systemen samlar in data i realtid och om alla besök. I detta avseende är digital tidmätning ett kraftfullt verktyg som kan förväntas ge bättre förutsättningar för mål-och resultatstyrning än analoga metoder. Samtidigt innebär tidmätningen risker för arbetsmiljön då den kan uppfattas som detaljstyrande och stressande. I denna rapport presenterar vi resultaten från en enkät som skickades ut till alla kommuner om deras användande av tidmätningssystem i hemtjänsten. 123 kommuner besvarade enkäten och 94 av dessa angav att de mäter tidsanvändningen med hjälp av digitala system. I denna rapport presenterar och diskuterar vi resultaten från denna enkät.
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| 2. |
- Edmark, Karin Margret, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of attending an independent upper secondary school : Evidence from Sweden using school ranking data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Economics of Education Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7757 .- 1873-7382. ; 84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the 1990s, the Swedish education market has gone through a dramatic transformation due to the introduction of voucher-funded independent schools. We make use of data on school applications to condition on student preferences for independent versus public education, and estimate a positive relationship between independent upper secondary school attendance and grades, graduation rates, and post-secondary education. We however also find strong indications of more lenient grading standards in independent schools, especially in schools organized as for-profit entities and in schools with a low share of qualified teachers. Our results suggest that, although independent school attendance seems to benefit the individual students in terms of higher grades and increased transition to post-secondary studies, grade inflation in the Swedish upper secondary independent schools may be a serious problem.
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| 3. |
- Dackehag, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Competition, Capitation, and Coding : Do Public Primary Care Providers Respond to Increased Competition?
- 2019
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Ingår i: CESifo Economic Studies. - : Oxford University Press. - 1610-241X .- 1612-7501. ; 65:4, s. 402-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The case for competition in health-care markets rests on economic models in which providers seek to maximize profits. However, little is known regarding how public health-care providers, who might not have a profit motive, react to increased competition from private providers. This study considers the heterogeneous effects of a primary health-care reform in a Swedish region that considerably loosened entry restrictions and increased patients' freedom of choice, thus enabling increased competition. Our difference-in-differences analysis contrasts local markets that were affected by both entry and choice with local monopoly markets, which were unaffected by the reforms. Using detailed administrative data on all visits to public health centers in 2008-2011, we find that providers in markets with increasing competition registered more diagnoses in an administrative database, thus increasing their reimbursement per patient. Although the economic significance of the effect is small, the result suggests that public providers are indeed sensitive to competition.
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| 4. |
- Ellegård, Lina Maria
(författare)
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Effects of pay-for-performance on prescription of hypertension drugs among public and private primary care providers in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Economics and Management. - : Springer Science + Business Media. - 2199-9023 .- 2199-9031. ; 20:3, s. 215-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study exploits policy reforms in Swedish primary care to examine the effect of pay-for-performance (P4P) on compliance with hypertension drug guidelines among public and private health care providers. Using provider-level outcome data for 2005–2013 from the Swedish Prescription Register, providers in regions using P4P were compared to providers in other regions in a difference-in-differences analysis. The results indicate that P4P improved guideline compliance regarding prescription of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. The effect was mainly driven by private providers, suggesting that policy makers should take ownership into account when designing incentives for health care providers.
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| 5. |
- Fredin, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurial ecosystems : towards a systemic approach to entrepreneurship?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Geografisk Tidsskrift. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0016-7223 .- 1903-2471. ; 120:2, s. 87-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite its relative newness, entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) have attracted much attention from research and policy but they are recognized to be largely untheorized. It is claimed that one aspect which distinguishes the EE perspective from other perspectives related to business environments is its systemic approach; however, much of the systemic approach still needs to be investigated. The aim of this paper is therefore to investigate how the systemic and complex approach of EEs can be theoretically strengthened. We do this by investigating what values complex adaptive system theory holds for advancing the EE perspective. We highlight four propositions which are of particular importance for strengthening the systemic approach of EE: spatial and component boundaries of the system; self-governance; the relational dimension between system components and the system; and the evolution of the system. We propose that boundaries should be seen as a natural part of the system, that a complex system is too complex to capture all components and all interactions, and that studying only individual activities will not enable us to fully understand the system’s behaviour.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Agneman, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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On the nexus between material and ideological determinants of climate policy support
- 2024
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Ingår i: ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS. - : Elsevier. - 0921-8009 .- 1873-6106. ; 219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how rising economic costs of climate mitigation policies differentially shape climate policy support among the political left and right. To this end, we randomly manipulate how much consumption costs increase as a result of four different climate mitigation policies and study how different cost scenarios influence policy support among a sample of 1,597 Swedish adults. We find that more costly climate policies induce greater climate policy polarization, since right -leaning participants display both lower baseline and more cost -sensitive climate policy support. In addition, we investigate how policy costs affect participants' concerns about the climatic consequences of consumption. While inconclusive, the results indicate that rightleaning participants, in some instances, display less concern about the climatic consequences of consumption when policy costs rise. This pattern can be understood through the lens of motivated disbelief, which holds that people adjust their beliefs in order to support their preferred actions. The present study provides novel insights as to how and when material conditions influence climate policy preferences.
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| 8. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Better off by risk adjustment? : Socioeconomic disparities in care utilization in Sweden following a payment reform
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. - : Wiley-Liss Inc.. - 0276-8739 .- 1520-6688.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing socioeconomic health inequalities is a key goal of most health systems. A challenge in this regard is that healthcare providers may have incentives to avoid or undertreat patients who are relatively costly to treat. Due to the socioeconomic gradient in health, individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) are especially likely to be negatively affected by such attempts. To counter these incentives, payments are often risk adjusted based on patient characteristics. However, empirical evidence is lacking on how, or if, risk adjustment affects care utilization. We examine if a novel risk adjustment model in primary care affected socioeconomic differences in care utilization among individuals with a chronic condition. The new risk adjustment model implied that the capitation—the monthly reimbursement paid by the health authority to care providers for each enrolled patient—increased substantially for chronically ill low-SES patients. Yet, we do not find any robust evidence that their access to primary care improved relative to patients with high SES, and we find no effects on adverse health events (hospitalizations). These results suggest that the new risk adjustment model did not reduce existing health inequalities, indicating the need for more targeted incentives and interventions to reach low-SES groups.
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| 9. |
- Anell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Well-Informed Choices? Effects of Information Interventions in Primary Care on Care Quality
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Market frictions, such as imperfect information or hassle costs, may reduce benefits from market incentives in healthcare settings. We use data from two randomised policy interventions in a Swedish region, which improved the access to provider information and reduced the switching costs of one percent of the adult population and of a sample of new residents. We examine the effects of the interventions on a large number of clinical process quality measures, access to care, and adverse health events, measured at the individual level. We find no significant effect of the interventions on any of the quality measures.
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| 10. |
- Beery, Thomas H, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial: Nature's Contributions to People: On the Relation Between Valuations and Actions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X .- 1540-9309. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In line with other bodies and a manifold of researchers addressing contemporary environmental challenges, the Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, published by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES),concludes that a fundamental reorganization across technological, economic, and social factors, including values, is needed to achieve goals for conserving and sustainably using nature (IPBES,2019). This reorganization implies transformative changes, for example, in the production and consumption of energy, food, and fiber.While scientists and decision-makers increasingly acknowledge the need for transformative change, we lack specific definitions of the details of transformative change and agreement on how such change is ensured. However, by clarifying and assessing the multiple values of nature and its benefits, we understand what is at stake, for whom, and the tools for making priorities (Díaz et al., 2018, 2019). Valuation is, though, a means to an end. Likewise, increased awareness of the values of biodiversity is also a means to an end. The links between valuation, increasing awareness, and concrete actions, among policymakers and other decision-makers, including individuals, are crucial for transformative changes to start and proceed.These considerations reverse the established approach in economic valuation, according to which one uses observations about actual actions to infer the values the actor holds (“revealed preferences”). In line with this economic paradigm, the currently observed societal actions and resulting biodiversity change reveals a lack of societal valuation of nature’s contributions to people.If we would “transform our world,” as the UN’s Agenda 2030 demands, and with it the way societies act toward nature, this would reveal a new social valuation of nature’s contributions to people.Either way, there is a close relationship between actions and valuations.The articles in this Research Topic present insights from various perspectives and theoretical and methodological approaches on the connections between valuations of nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem services, awareness, and concrete actions. The articles concern perceptions and actions among individuals and groups of people and aspects related to governance ranging from local to global scales, based on cases from various parts of the world.
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