| 1. |
- Papadopoulou, Frantzeska, 1977-
(författare)
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Supplementary Protection Certificates : still a grey area?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice. - : Oxford University Press. - 1747-1532 .- 1747-1540. ; 11:5, s. 372-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supplementary Protection Certificates (SPCs) were introduced in 1992, and have since been considered a very valuable tool for the pharmaceutical industry, allowing for market prolongation and compensating for the effective patent protection time lost in the process of market authorization.Over the past five years, numerous Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) rulings have attempted to interpret the provisions of EU Regulation 1901/2009 and provide clarity to patent holders as well as generics manufacturers as to the protection requirements and the scope of protection awarded. This article analyses the implication of major CJEU cases concerning the interpretation of Articles 3(a), 3(d) and 1(b) of the Regulation.The article also discusses the interrelation between the EU SPC Regulation, on the one hand, and the Market Authorization Regulation and the Market Authorization Directive, on the other, and compares the EU system with that provided by the USA. An analysis of recent case law reveals that now, some 25 years after the entry into force of the Regulation, the system is still obscure. A serious concern also arises as to whether the system as it stands today is simply inappropriate to the protection of modern pharmaceuticals and whether this is also one of the reasons for the growing volume of case law in the field.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Innledning :
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fremmedkrigere. - Oslo : Gyldendal Juridisk. - 9788205502642 ; , s. 9-23
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Enell, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Rättigheter som ”token”, egenansvar och egenvärde – : Barn och ungas förståelse av rättigheter i låst institutionsvård
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordisk socialrättslig tidskrift. - : Stockholms universitet. - 2000-6500. ; :2023 35-36, s. 7-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, the recent debate on youth crime has focused on strengthening repressive measures. At the same time, government work is underway to strengthen children’s rights. Young people who are placed for the purpose of care in secure youth care (locked institutions) are placed at the intersection of these two trends. Starting from a critical children’s rights perspective, we explore how young people understand rights in a secure care environment and discuss how these understandings relates to central principals, laws and conventions. We start from the concrete situations and contexts in which rights are to be realized in order to contribute to a better understanding of the importance of rights in a secure care environment. The empirical data consists of 15 youth interviews, at four institutions. Three understandings of rights are identified; rights as tokens where rights are seen as something symbolic and without meaning, rights as self-responsibility where rights are seen as conditional on the young people’s actions and, rights as fundamental value where rights are understood as respect for one’s own and others’ human dignity, regardless of their actions. The three understandings of rights can be linked to different care contexts and to the relationship between staff and young people. Taken together, the young people’s understandings highlight the importance of basic principles of dignity and respect on equal terms, as well as the right of children deprived of their liberty to be helped to reintegrate into society. Implications for the operation of secure youth care are highlighted.
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| 4. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Rättspraktikers inställning till modern ljud- och bildteknik i rättssalen : En rättspsykologisk studie
- 2012
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Ingår i: Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; :3, s. 197-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Processlagstiftningsreformen En modernare rättegång (EMR) har inneburit en ökad användning av modern teknik i rättsliga förfaranden. Frågan hur rättspraktiker uppfattar att denna teknik påverkar deras bedömningar av exempelvis trovärdighet är inte minst därför högaktuell.Rättspsykologiska studier har visat att förhör och förhörspersoner förmedlade genom ljud- och bilduppspelning (videouppspelning) eller ljud- och bildöverföring (videokonferens) bedöms som mindre trovärdiga och tillförlitliga än de som hörs på plats i rättssalen. De flesta av dessa studier har baserats på lekmäns bedömningar av fiktiva vittnesmål. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka rättspraktikers inställning till den moderna ljud- och bildtekniken, liksom vilken betydelse de anser att presentationsformatet har vid bedömningar av målsägandes tillförlitlighet och trovärdighet i brottmål. Studien utgörs av enkätsvar från 400 svenska rättspraktiker (poliser, nämndemän, åklagare och lagfarna domare).Studiens resultat visar att respondenterna överlag var positiva till såväl videokonferens som videoinspelade tingsrättsförhör. Som fördelar framhölls att tekniken kan vara till stor hjälp för målsägande genom att reducera deras stress och öka utsagornas korrekthet. I linje med tidigare forskning menade man dock att de som hörs på plats i rättssalen framstår som mer tillförlitliga och trovärdiga än de som hörs genom videokonferens eller uppspelad video. Respondenterna beskrev förhör på plats i rättssalen som bland annat mer levande och känslomässigt engagerande. Resultaten diskuteras avseende likheter och skillnader mellan olika grupper av rättspraktiker och konsekvenser av teknikens tillämpning inom rättsväsendet.
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| 5. |
- Papadopoulou, Frantzeska, 1977-
(författare)
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Legal Transplants and Modern Lawmaking in the Field of Pharmaceutical Patents : A Way to Achieve International Harmonisation or the Source of Deeper Divergences
- 2016
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Ingår i: IIC-International Review of Industrial Property and Copyright Law. - : Springer. - 0018-9855 .- 2195-0237. ; 47:8, s. 891-911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern lawmaking in the field of pharmaceutical patents and surrounding regulation is to a considerable extent based on legal transplants. Legal transplantation contributes to international harmonisation without requiring an international convention, something very attractive for actors in the pharmaceutical sector operating on an international market. Despite its informal character, and alleged efficiency and simplicity in the transfer of legal rules from one jurisdiction to the other, it requires certain caution. A legal rule may very rarely be seen in complete isolation from the rest of the legal system, since in some cases it is not possible to foresee the results of the legal rule in the exporting country before the transplant takes place. In the field of pharmaceuticals, significant examples of legal transplants are the Bolar exemption and the Supplementary Protection Certificate, both transplanted to the EU by the same US Act, the Hatch-Waxman Act. This article evaluates these two legal rules, comparing their strengths and weaknesses to those of the original provisions in order to highlight different aspects of the process of legal transplantation and the effect they have on the formation of the transplanted rules.
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| 6. |
- Papadopoulou, Frantzeska
(författare)
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The Protection of Traditional Knowledge on Genetic Resources
- 2018
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditional knowledge protection methods are becoming increasingly out-dated in the face of modern challenges. Focusing on the protection of traditional knowledge and related genetic resources, this book is the first of its kind to amalgamate a novel theoretical framework with the practical applications of the combined theories of Rawls and Coase.
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| 7. |
- Parsa, Amin, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Legislative arts : interplays of art and law
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Aesthetics & Culture. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-4214. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation of law and art is conventionally understood through a disciplinary divide that presents art as an instrument of legal practice and scholarship or, alternatively, presents law as potential context for artistic engagement. Moving beyond disciplinary definitions, in this article we explore how art and law, as modes of ordering and action in the world, often overlap in their respective desires to engage existing material orders. Whereas law's claim of producing order appears self-evident, we try to highlight, through a concept of legislative arts, the often-overlooked similar function of artistic practices. At the heart of what we refer to as legislative arts are practices that aim to challenge law's claim of authority in ordering social life through tactical combinations of elements of art and law. In examining a set of examples that include the Tamms Year Ten campaign to close a super-max prison in the United States, the work of Forensic Architecture and practices of passport forgery, we aim to highlight the possibility of manifesting social orders beyond an exclusive reliance upon state laws. Pointing to the potentials of such legislative arts practices, this article suggests that the material ordering quality of artistic and legal practices can, and perhaps should, be weaponized for challenging and remaking the world of unjust state laws.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Schömer, Eva, 1960-
(författare)
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Personlig assistans – en arbetsrättslig limbo
- 2017
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 23:3, s. 24-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artikeln belyser hur personliga assistenter upplever sin arbetsmiljö och vilka möjligheter de anser sig ha, att påverka sina arbetsförhållanden utifrån ett rättssociologiskt perspektiv. Författaren länkar personliga assistenters arbetslivserfarenheter med några av de juridiska förutsättningarna, som gäller vid arbete i annans hem. Syftet är att utveckla förståelsen för vad som händer vid dessa möten, då människor och juridik korsar varandra på ett arbetsrättsligt område, som i det närmsta verkar befinna sig i ett slags arbetsrättsligt ingenmansland. I artikeln diskuteras bland annat hur brukares och assistenters intressen kan tillgodoses, utan att den enas rättigheter inte kränker den andres?
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Peter, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural expertise in Sami land rights litigation: epistemic strategies in the Girjas and Fosen cases
- 2023
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Ingår i: Jindal Global Law Review. - : Springer Nature. - 0975-2498 .- 2364-4869. ; 14, s. 217-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How do parties mobilise cultural expertise in Indigenous rights litigation in Scandinavia? Recently, Sami groups have litigated to claim Indigenous rights to land and natural resources, winning some remarkable victories in the Supreme Courts of Norway and Sweden. In this paper, we draw on socio-legal mobilisation theory to analyse the epistemic strategies of Sami litigants and their adversaries in two recent landmark Supreme Court cases on Indigenous rights to usage of land: the 2020 Girjas case in Sweden and the 2021 Fosen case in Norway. Conceptualising cultural expertise as a strategic framing contest, we analyse how the parties struggled over the epistemic basis of the respective case by legitimating their claims to cultural knowledge, drawing on academic research, and discrediting their opponents' epistemic claims. Our findings suggest that in both cases, Sami claimants successfully established an epistemic basis where their traditional, experiential knowledge combined with independent academic expertise effectively challenged the knowledge claims of their adversaries. Yet, both cases also demonstrate how the linkage between Sami Indigeneity and reindeer husbandry in the national law of both countries excludes non-reindeer herding Sami persons from the Indigenous rights affirmed by the courts.
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