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- Sandin, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Technology neutrality and regulation of agricultural biotechnology
- 2018
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Ingår i: Professionals in food chains: ethics, rules and responsibility. EurSafe 2018, Vienna, Austria 13 – 16 June 2018 / edited by: Svenja Springer, Herwig Grimm. - Wageningen, Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086863211
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural biotechnology, in particular genetically modified organisms (GMOs), is subject to regulation in many areas of the world, not least in the European Union (EU). A number of authors have argued that those regulatory processes are unfair, costly, and slow and that regulation therefore should move in the direction of increased ‘technology neutrality’. The issue is becoming more pressing, especially since new biotechnologies such as CRISPR increasingly blur the regulatory distinction between GMOs and non-GMOs. This paper offers a definition of technology neutrality, uses the EU GMO regulation as a starting point for exploring technology neutrality, and presents distinctions between variants of the call for technology neutral GMO regulation in the EU.
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- Eneman, Marie, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Governmental Surveillance - The balance between security and privacy
- 2020
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Ingår i: UK Academy for Information Systems Conference Proceedings 2020.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased digitalisation of society and recent developments in AI is laying the ground for surveillance capabilities of a magnitude we have not seen before. Surveillance can be conducted by several different actors in society, this project focuses on the Swedish police currently using a large ensemble of surveillance technologies. Earlier this year, significant legislative changes governing the police authorities use of digital surveillance were enacted. These changes mean that the police now have been given an extended mandate to use digital surveillance as part of their professional practice, which places demands on balanced decisions and informed responsibility. On the one hand, the police have an interest to use digital surveillance to increase efficiency and security in society; on the other hand, the police must balance their interests with citizen’s so-called integrity-interests and right to privacy. This study will therefore examine to what extent the Swedish Police Authority pay attention to questions such as integrity and privacy when introducing digital surveillance. The study is guided by the following questions: (i) What opportunities can be related to the implementation and use of digital surveillance in police work? (ii) What kind of challenges do the increasing use of digital surveillance create between organisational governance, police officers’ work practice, and the integrity of citizens - and how do the police tackle these challenges? Theoretically, we draw on the established research fields on surveillance and privacy and empirically this study is designed as a qualitative study of the Swedish Police as our main case.
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- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Transfer Offices, Incubators, and Intellectual Property Management
- 2016
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Ingår i: 76th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a systematic literature review of the intersection between intellectual property (IP) management, technology transfer offices (TTOs) and incubators (and to some degree also science parks) in order to find out how incubators and/or TTOs support and work with patenting and IP management in startups. IP management is an important issue for the competitiveness of technology based startups and a difficult issue due to the resources needed to obtain, monitor and enforce IP rights. Understanding how the support organizations facilitate this work is therefore of importance for the startups as well as for universities and policy actors seeking to support technology transfer. The identified publications were systematized according to the actor in focus and whether the paper discussed IP as an output or as a strategic focus. The literature review showed that this literature tends to adopt a simplistic view of IP management, not taking all strategies into account. The literature typically narrows the focus down to a simplistic view of trying to increase the patent output of TTOs and incubators, and the related firms and/or universities.
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- Holgersson, Marcus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of patents for innovation appropriation and open financing – a new view
- 2016
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Ingår i: R&D Management Conference. From Science to Society: Innovation and Value Creation. 3-6 July, Cambridge University..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of patents for capturing (appropriating) value from innovation investments has since long been of major interest to both practitioners and academics. Previous studies have implicitly assumed that firms appropriate value through in-house creation and marketing of innovative products and services. We question this assumption in light of the variety of business models and strategies now being available, including open innovation. We develop a basic typology of appropriation strategies, and investigate the role patents play for different strategies among 172 Swedish technology based firms. The results show that the importance of patents has a skew distribution with many firms rating patents as very important and with a fat tail of firms rating patents less important. This partly explains the limited importance of patents that previous studies have communicated. The results also show that the protection of sales and sales margins of innovative products and services is only one function of patents, and that patents are also important for the sales of technologies and stocks. Thus, patenting widens the range of appropriation strategies as well as financing strategies available to R&D management, which is especially important for cash strung technology based start-ups and SMEs, as well as for large firms with long R&D times.
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- Kristoffersson, Eleonor, 1972-
(författare)
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How to Tax The Sharing Economy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the GSRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. - : World research library. ; , s. 30-35
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sharing economy refers to online market places that bring sellers and buyers of goods and services together. The sharing economy is rarely taxed, rarely reported to and rarely controlled by the Tax Authorities. In this paper two main problems concerning taxing the sharing economy are identified. Firstly, the sharing economy is difficult to control, since there are many small providers. Secondly, different tax treatment for businesses and private individuals makes it difficult for small providers to know how to comply with tax obligations. The solution is not the introduction of a digital services tax (DST) imposed on the intermediary platforms. Such a tax can contribute to tax the sharing economy, but not replace income tax or VAT/GST.Income tax and VAT/GST systems throughout the world are based on a scenario of businesspeople versus private individuals dating from the 20th century, which is now out of date. A solution could be to tax business persons and private individuals in a uniform way, which would provide a simpler tax system that would be easier to comply with.
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| 9. |
- Lundälv, Jörgen, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Causing death in connection with a Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) in Sweden: a content analysis of the Swedish case laws and doctrines. Oral presentation at the International Police Executive Symposium ”Bringing Police Researchers and Practitioners together for the Enrichment of the Police Professions, Karlskrona, Sweden, August 10-14, 2011
- 2011
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Ingår i: Oral presentation at the International Police Executive Symposium ”Bringing Police Researchers and Practitioners together for the Enrichment of the Police Professions, Karlskrona, Sweden, August 10-14, 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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- Mindus, Patricia
(författare)
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Updating Democracy Studies : Outline of a Research Program
- 2012
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Ingår i: <em>Law, Technology and Society - Proceedings XXV World Congress of IVR </em> <em></em>. - Frankfurt am Main : Goethe University Press.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technologies carry politics since they embed values. It is therefore surprising that mainstream political and legal theory have taken the issue so lightly. Compared to what has been going on over the past few decades in the other branches of practical thought, namely ethics, economics and the law, political theory lags behind. Yet the current emphasis on Internet politics that polarizes the apologists holding the web to overcome the one-to-many architecture of opinion-building in traditional representative democracy, and the critics that warn cyber-optimism entails authoritarian technocracy has acted as a wake up call. This paper sets the problem - “What is it about ICTs, as opposed to previous technical devices, that impact on politics and determine uncertainty about democratic matters?” - into the broad context of practical philosophy, by offering a conceptual map of clusters of micro-problems and concrete examples relating to “e-democracy”. The point is to highlight when and why the hyphen of e-democracy has a conjunctive or a disjunctive function, in respect to stocktaking from past experiences and settled democratic theories. My claim is that there is considerable scope to analyse how and why online politics fails or succeeds. The field needs both further empirical and theoretical work.
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