| 1. |
- Bønsing, Sten, et al.
(författare)
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Status and Criminal Liability of Civil Servants in Modern Public Administration : A Comparative Study of Denmark, Finland, and Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Public Law. - 1354-3725. ; 29:1, s. 115-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accountability is a central topic in administrative law. To hold persons and institutions executing public power legally accountable in various ways is linked to ideas of good governance, democracy, legitimacy, and the rule of law. In the last decades, established structures for accountability in the public sector have been challenged through processes of privatization of public services, digitalization and a trend of flexibilization of the employment status of civil servants. All these developments are closely related to the impact of Europeanization. Among the various tools for accountability, criminal liability for public officials constitutes the most far-reaching form of measures from the perspective of the individual. The aim of this comparative study is to draw conclusions on the challenges in defining the legal status and the scope for the criminal liability of civil servants against the background of the developments just mentioned. The choice to study three Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland and Sweden) is made against the background of the Nordic countries all being highly ranked in international surveys of democracy and the rule of law. Alongside introducing Nordic solutions for the modern liabilitychallenges, the study points out development trends driven by europeanization, which bring new elements into Nordic thinking.
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| 2. |
- Groussot, Xavier, et al.
(författare)
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Regulatory Trust in EU Free Movement Law: Adopting the Level of Protection of the Other?
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Papers. - 2499-8249. ; 1:3, s. 865-892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The principles of mutual trust and mutual recognition are well established features of EU law. On a technical level, it is clear that the principles may require adoption of foreign levels of protection in individual cases as well as in legislation. At a closer look, however, the principles through “the rule of reason” also may imply quite the opposite: the imposing of domestic requirements on foreign goods, services etc. The CJEU case law following the Cassis judgement may be seen as striking a balance between cooperation and Member State self-determination, or between trust and distrust, in different fields. This contribution aims at looking into the regulatory function of the legal principle of trust in EU law. Taking this wider regulatory perspective, the mutual recognition regimes of EU must be seen from a holistic perspective. Rather than dwelling upon harmonized and non-harmonized fields separately, we will approach mutual trust as one, albeit multi-faceted, concept, where harmonization, proportionality assessments and Member State actions in various fields of law form part of the same wider picture. In this regulatory perspective, the law on mutual trust and mutual recognition may be seen as a balancing between the regulatory interests of the EU (promoting free movement and cooperation) and the various Member States (promoting their interests of – alleged – protection of safety of various kinds). Through this perspective, we will be able to address the tension between regulation and deregulation, between integration and disintegration, and between unity and diversity present in EU law on a very general level. The first section of this contribution will look at the constitutional life of mutual trust within the CJEU case law: looking at its origins and main logic. The second section will attempt to clarify why the principle of mutual trust is mostly invisible in the free movement jurisprudence. This section also argues for understanding mutual recognition in terms of Regulatory Trust. The last section focuses on the thorny issue of the levels of protection and attempts to understand which are the key factors used by the CJEU in reviewing the (host) States measures that restrict free movement law and thus may constitute a break to the application of the principles of mutual trust and mutual recognition.
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| 3. |
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Ny förvaltningslag : Temanummer Förvaltningsrättslig tidskrift 3 '18
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- I detta temanummer av Förvaltningsrättslig tidskrift har vi samlat bidrag som analyserar 2017 års FL från fyra perspektiv: nyheter i förvaltningslagen, uppdateringar i förvaltningslagen, utanför förvaltningslagen och förvaltningslagen och dess förhållande till andra lagar. Temanumret avslutas med en internationell utblick.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Wenander, Henrik
(författare)
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A network of social security bodies – European administrative cooperation under Regulation (EC) No 883/2004
- 2013
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Ingår i: Review of European Administrative Law. - 1874-7981. ; 6:1, s. 39-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the EU regime on the coordination of social security, there are rules and principles on cross-border administrative cooperation. Through these legal mechanisms, a number of cooperation structures are established with the Administrative Commission as a central point. Within these structures, national social security bodies provide assistance, communicate directly, solve conflicts of interpretation, and exchange information, notably through the developing infrastructure of the European Electronic Social Security Information (EESSI). The article explores this cooperation in the light of theories on administrative networks. It is concluded that the flexible network structures present within the field may increase efficiency and simplify the exercise of rights of free movement. At the same time, the complexity of the system raises questions on democratic accountability and legitimacy of the decision-making. It is suggested that adherence to the principles of allocation of decision-making competence provided by the regulations may provide a partial solution to those concerns.
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| 6. |
- Wenander, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A toolbox for administrative law cooperation beyond the state
- 2013
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Ingår i: Administrative law beyond the state - Nordic perspectives. - 9789004265028 ; , s. 47-74
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the article is to identify and look into the function of a number of means of legal international cooperation in administrative law. In this discussion on function, the roles and the interplay of the different tools are highlighted as striking a balance between international cooperation, national self-determination and individual rights. Within this theoretical framework, two main types of tools are discussed with examples from environmental law, transport law, and social security law. First, tools related to the establishment of administrative networks are dealt with. Here, international organisations as a framework for administrative cooperation and other network cooperation structures are highlighted. Second, tools relating to an administrative conflict of laws perspective are treated. Here, situations of coordination, recognition of foreign decisions, harmonisation, and application of foreign law in the administrative field are explored. It is concluded that the use of the different tools make possible a balancing of the conflicting interests of international cooperation and national self-determination. Furthermore, in the legal fields treated in the article, it is difficult to see that administrative action entirely leaves the connection to the state. Rather, in the discussed examples, various structures of cooperation mean that national administrative bodies engage in international contacts as an important part of fulfilling their tasks in the national systems.
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| 7. |
- Wenander, Henrik
(författare)
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Administrative Constitutional Review in Sweden: Between Subordination and Independence
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Public Law. - 1354-3725. ; 26, s. 987-1010
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article examines the power of administrative bodies to assess the constitutionality of legislation (‘administrative constitutional review’), taking examples from Swedish public law. The Swedish constitution explicitly requires all public bodies to engage in administrative constitutional review when necessary. In this way, Swedish administrative authorities have the right and duty to act as guardians of the rule of law. This competence relates to the historical development of Swedish public law, which deviates from most other European constitutional systems by organizing all state administrative authorities as separate public organs detached from the Government and the ministries. The Swedish constitutional obligation is parallel to EU law requirements on national administrative organs to set aside national legislation in conflict with directly applicable EU law (‘the Costanzo obligation’). Against the background of practical examples in Swedish law, the article identifies theoretical and practical challenges for administrative bodies to engage in constitutional review. These include the risk of disturbing constitutional structures by putting lower administrative authorities on par with the parliament. The possible problems of lack of legal expertise and the problem of independence in practice are also discussed. At the same time, the concept of administrative constitutional review has a potential to protect the constitutional system, including the fundamental rights of individuals.
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| 8. |
- Wenander, Henrik
(författare)
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Administrative Independence in the Nordic States : EU Law Requirements and National Traditions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of European Law. - : Nordic Journal of European Law, Lund University. - 2003-1785. ; 5:1, s. 20-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EU law increasingly requires that the Member States establish independent administrative bodies in various fields. Examples include market supervision, non-discrimination, and data protection. This article addresses the realisation of such requirements in the five Nordic states. The West Nordic systems of Denmark, Iceland, and Norway feature a traditional hierarchic organisation of the administrative authorities under the relevant ministries, albeit with examples of independent administrative bodies. Contrastingly, the East Nordic systems of Finland and Sweden have a long-standing constitutional tradition of organising the entire state administration with a considerable degree of independence from the governmental level. The study of the constitutional frameworks and traditions contributes to understanding the impact of EU law requirements on independence in different national systems. The relatively uncritical reception of requirements on administrative independence in the Nordic states is contrasted with the sceptical views on administrative independence in continental Europe, especially Germany, as exemplified by Commission v Germany (on independent national data protection authorities). The Nordic experiences, however, highlight the tension between the ideals of total independence and the needs for the authorities to be linked to, and funded by, the public sector.
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| 9. |
- Wenander, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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By-passing the National Level? Municipalities as Legal Actors in Multi-Level Governance in Norway and Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Review of European Administrative Law. - 1874-7973. ; 16:4, s. 127-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims at illuminating the role of Swedish and Norwegian municipalities as legal actors in multi-level governance. The research questionis threefold: What is the role of Swedish and Norwegian municipalities as legal actors in relation to the European level? How do these roles affect local autonomy at the national level? What is the impact of the different affiliations at the European level, Sweden’s full membership, and Norway only being a party to the EEA Agreement on these questions?Previous research has shown that municipalities have been able to magnify theirinfluence, both externally and internally, through the intermediary of the European Union. The ability to magnify their influence will depend on the national constitutional framework and theformal affiliation to the European level, among other things. In this study, the role of the municipalities in Norway and Sweden is described by analysing the constitutional position of municipalities at the national level, the municipal influence on the drafting of EU legislation, the Nordic municipalities as actors before the ECJ and the EFTA Court and the municipal implementation of EU/EEA law.On a general level, the study found that the constitutional structures are mainlymonolithic, although there are polycentric features. The ability of Norwegian andSwedish municipalities to by-pass national authorities is visible butcannot be described as strong. The role of the municipalities in acting at the European level is noteworthy, but the legal framework does not allow for a significant increase in local autonomy. The EEA affiliation of Norway implies that the municipalities have a weaker position at the European level.
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| 10. |
- Wenander, Henrik
(författare)
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Den statliga förvaltningens konstitutionella ställning i Sverige och Finland – pragmatism och principer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Tidskrift utgiven av Juridiska Föreningen i Finland. - 0040-6953. ; :3, s. 103-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den statliga förvaltningen i dess olika skepnader har sedan länge mycket stor betydelse för samhället och enskilda i de nordiska länderna. En central fråga i offentlig rätt och statsvetenskap är hur förvaltningens ställning i samhället ska förstås. I ett offentligrättsligt perspektiv handlar det då bland annat om förvaltningens konstitutionella eller statsrättsliga roll. Hur fastställs de rättsliga ramarna för myndigheternas agerande? Hur kontrolleras myndigheternas verksamhet? I vilken utsträckning får riksdagar och regeringar samt dessas ledamöter lägga sig i förvaltningens handlande? Frågorna handlar om vad som i statsvetenskapligt perspektiv brukar diskuteras som styrning av förvaltningen. Det finns här en grundläggande spänning mellan intressena av demokratiskt förankrat politiskt beslutsfattande, rättssäkerhet för enskilda och ett effektivt beslutsfattande som bygger på sakkunskap i förvaltningen. Frågorna anknyter vidare till diskussioner om maktfördelning mellan statsorgan. Artikeln syftar till att fördjupa förståelsen för de rättsliga aspekterna av organisation och styrning av den statliga förvaltningen när det gäller Finland och Sverige i dagens europeiserade rättsordningar. Huvudfrågan för artikeln är hur lika Finland och Sverige är när det gäller den offentliga förvaltningens konstitutionella ställning i de europeiserade rättssystemen. Framställningen bygger på en parallell undersökning av de rättsliga strukturerna i de båda länderna för den statliga förvaltningens verksamhet.
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