| 1. |
- Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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The precarious practice of forensic psychiatric risk assessments
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 32:6, s. 400-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of forensic psychiatric risk assessments is discussed from a clinical point of view using the example of Sweden. A central task in forensic psychiatry has traditionally been to identify dangerous, mentally disordered subjects considered to be prone to commit violent acts. Over time, “dangerousness” has been reworded into “risk”. Nevertheless, such assessments have generally been based on the psychiatric factors characterising the individual patient, while group interaction, situational factors, or social and cultural circumstances, such as the availability of alcohol and drugs, have been largely overlooked. That risk assessments have a focused on people with a diagnosis of “mental disorder” and been used as grounds for coercive measures and integrity violations has somehow been accepted as a matter of course in the public and political debate. Even the basic question whether offenders with a mental disorder are really more prone to criminal recidivism than other offenders seems to have been treated light-handedly and dealt with merely by epidemiological comparisons between groups of persons with broad ranges of psychosocial vulnerability and the general population. Legal texts, instructions and guidelines from the authorities in charge are often vague and general, while actors in the judicial system seem to put their trust in psychiatric opinions. The exchange of professional opinions, general public expectations, and judicial decision processes poses a huge risk for misunderstandings based on divergent expectations and uses of terminology.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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The Precarious Practice of Forensic Psychiatric Risk Assessment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Gustavson, C (2010). Risk and prediction of violent crime in forensic psychiatry. - Lund : Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series. - 9789186671365
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of forensic psychiatric risk assessments is discussed from a clinical point of view using the example of Sweden. A central task in forensic psychiatry has traditionally been to identify dangerous, mentally disordered subjects considered to be prone to commit violent acts. Over time, “dangerousness” has been reworded into “risk”. Nevertheless, such assessments have generally been based on the psychiatric factors characterising the individual patient, while group interaction, situational factors, or social and cultural circumstances, such as the availability of alcohol and drugs, have been largely overlooked. That risk assessments have a focused on people with a diagnosis of “mental disorder” and been used as grounds for coercive measures and integrity violations has somehow been accepted as a matter of course in the public and political debate. Even the basic question whether offenders with a mental disorder are really more prone to criminal recidivism than other offenders seems to have been treated light-handedly and dealt with merely by epidemiological comparisons between groups of persons with broad ranges of psychosocial vulnerability and the general population. Legal texts, instructions and guidelines from the authorities in charge are often vague and general, while actors in the judicial system seem to put their trust in psychiatric opinions. The exchange of professional opinions, general public expectations, and judicial decision processes poses a huge risk for misunderstandings based on divergent expectations and uses of terminology.
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| 3. |
- Svennerlind, Christer, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Mentally disordered criminal offenders in the Swedish criminal system
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 33:4, s. 220-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historically, the Swedish criminal justice system conformed to other Western penal law systems, exempting severely mentally disordered offenders considered to be unaccountable. However, in 1965 Sweden enforced a radical penal law abolishing exceptions based on unaccountability. Mentally disordered offenders have since then been subjected to various forms of sanctions motivated by the offender's need for care and aimed at general prevention. Until 2008, a prison sentence was not allowed for offenders found to have committed a crime under the influence of a severe mental disorder, leaving forensic psychiatric care the most common sanction in this group. Such offenders are nevertheless held criminally responsible, liable for damages, and encumbered with a criminal record. In most cases, such offenders must not be discharged without the approval of an administrative court. Two essentially modern principles may be discerned behind the “Swedish model”: first, an attempted abolishment of moral responsibility, omitting concepts such as guilt, accountability, atonement, and retribution, and, second, the integration of psychiatric care into the societal reaction and control systems. The model has been much criticized, and several governmental committees have suggested a re-introduction of a system involving the concept of accountability. This review describes the Swedish special criminal justice provisions on mentally disordered offenders including the legislative changes in 1965 along with current proposals to return to a pre-1965 system, presents current Swedish forensic psychiatric practice and research, and discusses some of the ethical, political, and metaphysical presumptions that underlie the current system.
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| 4. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health and international crimes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Criminological approaches to international criminal law / Ilias Bantekas, Emmanouela Mylonaki. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781107060036 ; , s. 263-286
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Baudin, Christian, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A 24‐Year Follow‐up Study on Recidivism in Male Mentally Disordered Sexual Offenders With and Without Psychotic Disorders
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 65:5, s. 1610-1618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lack of knowledge on mentally disordered sex offenders (MDSOs) targeting adult victims, especially regarding recidivism patterns and the specific subgroup with psychiatric disorders. This paper presents index offense data, clinical data, and recidivism patterns over up to 24 years in a cohort of 146 MDSOs, with and without psychotic disorders, sentenced in Sweden between 1993 and 1997. At the time of the offense, all offenders were affected by clinical, developmental, and criminal history factors. MDSOs with psychotic disorders only marginally differed from those without, the former being less likely to have been institutionalized during childhood, intoxicated during the index offense, or diagnosed with a personality disorder, substance use disorder, or paraphilic disorder. In the cohort, 3.4% of the MDSOs were reconvicted for a new sex offense over 2 years, 9.6% over 5 years, 13.0% over 10 years, and 17.1% over the entire follow-up period of 24 years. In MDSOs with psychotic disorders, no subjects were reconvicted during the first 2 years, while 2.6% were reconvicted over 5 years, 5.3% over 10 years, and 7.9% over 24 years. Recidivism rates for violent and general reoffenses were 39.0% and 37.7%, respectively, for the cohort of MDSOs, and subjects with psychotic disorders reoffended significantly later in general offenses. In conclusion, MDSOs with psychotic disorders showed the same recidivism pattern as MDSOs without psychotic disorders. Furthermore, recidivism research may preferably focus on follow-up periods of 5–10 years since most offenders appear to recidivate within this timeframe.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lund, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Violent criminal recidivism in mentally disordered offenders: A follow-up study of 13-20 years through different sanctions
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 36:3-4, s. 250-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To describe criminal recidivism, especially violent recidivism, in a long-term follow-up of mentally disordered offenders sentenced to different types of sanctions. Subjects and methods: A population-based Swedish cohort of male offenders referred to pre-trial psychiatric investigations between 1988 and 1995, was sentenced to forensic psychiatric treatment (n = 163), prison (n = 120), or noncustodial sanctions (n = 52). They were followed from the beginning of their sanctions until the end of June, 2008, through official health and crime registers. Survival analyses were used to compare time until violent recidivism across different sanctions and mental disorders, and predictors of violent recidivism were investigated using univariate comparisons, a multivariate Cox regression analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, all criminal reconvictions until the end of follow-up were assessed (a total time period of 13 to 20 years). Results: Forty-seven percent of all subjects were reconvicted for violent crimes during follow-up. There were no significant differences between sanction groups. By contrast, diagnostic groups that included substance abuse had significant effects, and stood out as the strongest predictor of violent reconvictions together with the number of previous violent crimes, and age at the first registered criminal offence. Variables identified in the multivariate model together predicted violent recidivism with an area under the ROC curve of 0.72, while the corresponding figure for the age at onset of criminality as the sole predictor was 0.71. Among the different sanction forms for different time periods, time in hospital and prison were significantly less associated with violent recidivism compared to time in conditional release/probation.
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| 8. |
- Sjödin, Anna-Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Dating violence compared to other types of violence: similar offenders but different victims
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context. - : Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid. - 1889-1861. ; 9:2, s. 83-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to characterize young dating violent offenders (DVO), and to compare them to the general population and to young offenders with violent crimes directed against other victims. We have used data from the Development of Aggressive Antisocial Behaviour Study, in all 262 young men, 18 to 25 years, convicted of violent crimes and imprisoned in the Western Region of the Swedish Prison and Probation Services. We found that young DVO offenders differed from the general population in all investigated areas; however, the group did not differ in comparisons to other young violent offenders. Our results highlight the antisocial aspects of dating violent crime being rooted in aggressive antisocial behaviour, lacking signs of any specific offender type characteristics, thus questioning the validity of crime specific treatment programs in prison for young offenders of dating violence. (C) 2017 Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.
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