| 1. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Food systems sustainability: For whom and by whom? – An examination of different 'food system change' viewpoints
- 2018
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Ingår i: Development Research Conference 2018: “Rethinking development”, 22–23 August 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The United Nations identifies the food crisis as one of the primary overarching challenges facing the international community. Different stakeholders in the food system have widely different perspectives and interests, and challenging structural issues, such as the power differentials among them, remain largely unexamined. These challenges make rational discourse among food system actors from different disciplines, sectors and levels difficult. These challenges can often prevent them from working together effectively to find innovative ways to respond to food security challenges. This means that finding solutions to intractable and stuck issues, such as the food crisis often stall, not at implementation, but at the point of problem identification. Food system sustainability means very different things to different food system actors. These differences in no way undermine or discount the work carried out by these players. However, making these differences explicit is an essential activity that would serve to deepen theoretical and normative project outcomes. Would the impact and reach of different food projects differ if these differences were made explicit? The purpose of this initial part of a wider food system research project is not to search for difference or divergence, with the aim of critique, but rather to argue that by making these differences explicit, the overall food system project engagement will be made more robust, more inclusive and more encompassing. This paper starts with some discussion on the different food system perspectives, across scales, regions and sectors but focuses primarily on the design of processes used to understand these divergent and at times contradictory views of what a sustainable food system may be. This paper draws on ongoing work within the Mistra Urban Futures project, using the food system projects in cities as diverse as Cape Town, Manchester, Gothenburg and Kisumu as sites for this enquiry.
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| 2. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Food systems sustainability: For whom and by whom? – An examination of different 'food system change' viewpoints
- 2018
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Ingår i: Development Research Conference 2018: “Rethinking development”, 22–23 August 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The United Nations identifies the food crisis as one of the primary overarching challenges facing the international community. Different stakeholders in the food system have widely different perspectives and interests, and challenging structural issues, such as the power differentials among them, remain largely unexamined. These challenges make rational discourse among food system actors from different disciplines, sectors and levels difficult. These challenges can often prevent them from working together effectively to find innovative ways to respond to food security challenges. This means that finding solutions to intractable and stuck issues, such as the food crisis often stall, not at implementation, but at the point of problem identification. Food system sustainability means very different things to different food system actors. These differences in no way undermine or discount the work carried out by these players. However, making these differences explicit is an essential activity that would serve to deepen theoretical and normative project outcomes. Would the impact and reach of different food projects differ if these differences were made explicit? The purpose of this initial part of a wider food system research project is not to search for difference or divergence, with the aim of critique, but rather to argue that by making these differences explicit, the overall food system project engagement will be made more robust, more inclusive and more encompassing. This paper starts with some discussion on the different food system perspectives, across scales, regions and sectors but focuses primarily on the design of processes used to understand these divergent and at times contradictory views of what a sustainable food system may be. This paper draws on ongoing work within the Mistra Urban Futures project, using the food system projects in cities as diverse as Cape Town, Manchester, Gothenburg and Kisumu as sites for this enquiry.
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| 3. |
- Vitalis Pemunta, Ngambouk, 1973
(författare)
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The impact of climate change on food security and health in northern Cameroon
- 2014
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Ingår i: New Developments in Global warming Research. Georgia: Nova Science Publishers.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Agriculture and the exploitation of natural resources are the main pivots of Cameroon’s economic development. An estimated 80% of rural households are involved in farming and contribute about 30% to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, prolonged dry spells and droughts negatively affect agricultural output and economic development. This paper examines the drivers, magnitude and impact of climate change in the semi-arid northern section of Cameroon on food security and malnutrition. A conjunction between drought, climate change, desertification, prolonged dry spells and floods often lead to significant crop losses in this region. Compounding this situation is increased population pressure-partly due to the influx of refugees as well as droughts and floods which have partly led to the mobility of herds as a response to the extension of cropping areas, pasture shortage and farmer-grazer conflicts resulting from crop damage. This is happening against the backdrop of land tenure insecurity for women which, has been fuelled by competition and power struggle between customary and modern tenure systems affecting land management and access to resources. Drawing theoretical insights from the concept of “politics of the belly1” in political ecology and from resource use conflict theories, this chapter examines the negative impacts of climate change and calls attention to a shift away from formal institutions to individual behavior so as to integrate and take note of the “politics of the belly” in political ecology. The omnipresent phenomenon of climate change has the potential to alter agricultural productivity, fuel illnesses and …
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| 4. |
- Sandin, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Technology neutrality and regulation of agricultural biotechnology
- 2018
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Ingår i: Professionals in food chains: ethics, rules and responsibility. EurSafe 2018, Vienna, Austria 13 – 16 June 2018 / edited by: Svenja Springer, Herwig Grimm. - Wageningen, Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086863211
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural biotechnology, in particular genetically modified organisms (GMOs), is subject to regulation in many areas of the world, not least in the European Union (EU). A number of authors have argued that those regulatory processes are unfair, costly, and slow and that regulation therefore should move in the direction of increased ‘technology neutrality’. The issue is becoming more pressing, especially since new biotechnologies such as CRISPR increasingly blur the regulatory distinction between GMOs and non-GMOs. This paper offers a definition of technology neutrality, uses the EU GMO regulation as a starting point for exploring technology neutrality, and presents distinctions between variants of the call for technology neutral GMO regulation in the EU.
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| 5. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing Plant Health Regulations with Focus on Invasive Forest Pests and Pathogens : Examples from Swedish Forest Nurseries
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Human Dimensions of Forest and Tree Health. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319769554 - 9783319769561 ; , s. 193-210
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International trade and climate change have increased the movement potential for invasive alien species (IAS), including invasive pests and pathogens (IPPs), to the point where biological invasions are considered one of the major threats to biodiversity. However, practical implementation of plant health with regard to IAS and IPPs is difficult: regulative responsibilities are commonly spread across different authorities, and resources on the ground are often limited. Based on a legislative and literature review and semi-structured qualitative interviews (N = 7), the present study examines the possibilities and potential risks of monitoring and detection of forest invasive species in Sweden, with a particular focus on forest plant nurseries. The study thus adds practical implementation aspects concerning possibilities to limit the spread of invasive species in the plant trade.
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| 6. |
- Klapwijk, Maartje, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing the risk of invasive forest pests and pathogens : Combining legislation, targeted management and public awareness
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. S223-S234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intensifying global trade will result in increased numbers of plant pest and pathogen species inadvertently being transported along with cargo. This paper examines current mechanisms for prevention and management of potential introductions of forest insect pests and pathogens in the European Union (EU). Current European legislation has not been found sufficient in preventing invasion, establishment and spread of pest and pathogen species within the EU. Costs associated with future invasions are difficult to estimate but past invasions have led to negative economic impacts in the invaded country. The challenge is combining free trade and free movement of products (within the EU) with protection against invasive pests and pathogens. Public awareness may mobilise the public for prevention and detection of potential invasions and, simultaneously, increase support for eradication and control measures. We recommend focus on commodities in addition to pathways, an approach within the EU using a centralised response unit and, critically, to engage the general public in the battle against establishment and spread of these harmful pests and pathogens.
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| 7. |
- Vitalis Pemunta, Ngambouk, 1973
(författare)
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Socio-cultural Factors Structuring Women’s Access to Land and Natural Resources in Northwest Cameroon. CHAPTER XVI
- 2018
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Ingår i: Gender in Focus: Identities, Codes, Stereotypes and Politics. Andreea Zamfira, Christian de Montlibert, Daniela Radu (red.). - : Budrich. - 9783847412113 ; , s. 332-354
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the agrarian economies that characterize most of Africa including Cameroon, land is a critical natural resource and the main factor of production. It is at the heart of socioeconomic development (Nkankeu & Bryant, 2010) and a key resource for women and most of the rural masses living in poverty. In the predominantly agrarian and agricultural local and regional economies of Cameroon, it is the driving force (Mope Simo & Bitondo, 2010: p. 226) for sustainable development since access to land ‘increases the ability of communities to feed themselves, earn a livelihood, adapt to climate change, and exercise their social, political and cultural rights’(ActionAid Online). In Sub-Saharan Africa and in Cameroon in particular, land is the main resource underpinning the survival of rural people, and on which the present generations are counting to improve their living conditions in the face of the acute short fall in the number of industrial jobs. Under such circumstances, there is an accentuated competition for the appropriation of land over time consequent upon increasing demographics, urban-rural migration due to the economic crisis, and the scarcity of whitecollar jobs in cities (Nkankeu & Bryant, 2010). The problem of access to land for women and communities has been worsened by a conjuncture between the land grabs perpetuated by multinationals and society’s wealthy and powerful, climate change, and resource use conflicts between farmers and grazers (Pemunta 2014). Yet an interplay between socio-cultural factors, legal ambiguities between modern and customary land tenure regimes, the unfettered and gendered effect of the Structural …
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| 8. |
- Vitalis Pemunta, Ngambouk, 1973
(författare)
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The Challenges of Conservation and Large-scale Agricultural Development in an Era of Neoliberal Environmental Governance in Cameroon
- 2016
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Ingår i: Privatization: Policies, Developments and Challenges / [ed] Amelia Hansen, New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - New York : Nova Science Publishers. - 9781634847490 ; , s. 1-50
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The adoption of Western imposed neoliberal development policies by most African countries have been accompanied by unfettered effects. Through these policies, Western-based development institutions (World Bank and the International Monetary Fund) have subsequently come to have a lot of leverage on development policies and practices in the donor dependent countries of the Less Developed world including Cameroon. In Cameroon, one area of neoliberal governmentality in involves the management of the environment which is at crossroads with the establishment of largescale agricultural plantations by Western multinationals in the country. This paper explores how the American-based agro-industrial company Herakles Farm has thoroughly disregarded state and international laws and codes of conduct in the setting up of its contentious oil palm plantation that is largely located in between protected areas in the ever-green forest of Southwest Cameroon. Through its creation of uninhabited spaces via protected areas in the region, as well as by the ceding of land around these same protected areas for large-scale agricultural development, the state of Cameroon is involved in the reordering of man-nature relationship. The state´s action bespeaks of the chasm between conservation and large-scale agricultural development in an era of neoliberal environmental governance. The paper argues that the Herakle concession is a means by which the state is territorializing and controlling this unruly frontier space. It is also representative of a long trajectory of the marginalization of this space that has been discursively produced over and over and that allows for dispossession and accumulation in the name of development. The state´s creation of developmentalizable and governable spaces has wrought violence on local livelihoods in a region that has been consistently produced as a frontier space by both colonial and postcolonial powers.
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| 9. |
- Sandin, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Neutrality in European Regulation of GMOs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ethics, Policy & Environment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2155-0085 .- 2155-0093. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objections to the current EU regulatory system on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in terms of high cost and lack of consistency, speed and scientific underpinning have prompted proposals for a more technology-neutral system. We sketch the conceptual background of the notion of ‘technology neutrality’ and propose a refined definition of the term. The proposed definition implies that technology neutrality of a regulatory system is a gradual and multidimensional feature. We use the definition to analyze two regulatory reform proposals: One proposal from the Netherlands for improving the exemption mechanism for GMOs under Directive 2001/18/EC, and one from the Norwegian Biotechnology Advisory Board, outlining a new stratified risk assessment procedure. While both proposals offer some degree of improved technology neutrality in some dimensions compared to current EU regulation, in some extents and dimensions, they do not. We conclude that proposals for more technology-neutral regulation of GMOs need, first, to make explicit to what extent and in what dimensions the proposal improves neutrality and, second, to present arguments supporting that these specific improvements constitute desirable policy change against the background of objections to current policy.
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| 10. |
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