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- Brynolf, Selma, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Improving environmental performance in shipping
- 2016
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Ingår i: Shipping and the Environment: Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783662490457 ; , s. 399-418
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book addresses the environmental issues related to shipping and the natural environment, including descriptions of and proposed solutions to the issues. Currently, challenges exist that must be addressed if shipping is to become sustainable and fulfil the zero vision of no harmful emissions to the environment. In this chapter, we evaluate the steps that have been taken (if any) to limit the various environmental issues and discuss possible steps to be taken to improve environmental performance. Furthermore, future challenges must also be addressed, e.g., the current trend of increasing ship operations in the Arctic. In general, three factors could be addressed in order to reach environmentally sustainable shipping: regulations, technical solutions, and increased environmental awareness. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016. All rights are reserved.
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- Linné, Philip, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Regulating Pollution from Ships
- 2016
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Ingår i: Andersson, K. et al (Eds). Shipping and the Environment - Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation. - Berlin Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag. - 9783662490457 ; , s. 75-121
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter begins with a short history of the regulation of ship operations including the regulation of pollution from ships, and then proceeds to its main focus of explaining the basic international legal framework for regulating pollution from ships, the main actors involved in the international regulatory process, and the process of creating environmental regulations for ships via the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The regulation of ship operations has a long history, although the specific regulation of pollution from ships is a relatively recent phenomenon. Over the course of history, the freedom to use the seas in various ways (the principle of freedom) has been balanced by the interests of sovereign States (the principle of sovereignty). As is demonstrated in this chapter, to explain the regulation of pollution from ships at the international regulatory level, a basic understanding of international law and international law of the sea is necessary. However, the regulation of the pollution from ships should also be viewed as a result of negotiations among States with different interests and with different economic and environmental conditions. In this regard, two divisions can be helpful in understanding how the international instruments that regulate pollution from ships are created via IMO: the first is between coastal States, flag States and States with maritime interests, and the second is between developed States and developing states.
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