| 1. |
- Liwång, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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An examination of the implementation of risk based approaches in military operations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Military Studies. - Helsinki : National Defense University, Finland and Finnish Society of Military Sciences. - 1799-3350 .- 2242-3524. ; 5:2, s. 1-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today several nations utilise risk based approaches in military planning. However, the discussion on limitations with the approaches in regard to aspects such as uncertainties, the nature of the threat and risk to civilians is limited.The aim of this work is to identify important challenges when applying risk based approaches to military activity. This article discusses risk based approaches in general and their military applications. Five generic quality requirements on risk analysis are presented from research in risk philosophy. Two military application areas for risk analysis: military intelligence, and risk management in legal assessments are analysed in relation to the presented quality requirements on risk analysis.From the analysis it is clear that risk analysis is an integral part of the decision-making analysis and cannot be separated in time, space or organisationally from the decision-making process in general. Defining the scenario to analyse, including the time span, is a central task in risk analysis and will affect every aspect of the risk estimation. Therefore, the principles for scenario definition must be communicated and continuously updated throughout the organisation. Handling the uncertainties throughout the process is also important, especially if the aim is a resilient military system.
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| 2. |
- Ávila-Zúñiga Nordfjeld, Adriana, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Proposing a Mathematical Dynamic Model to Develop a National Maritime Security Assessment and Build a National Maritime Security Plan
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Maritime Research. - : Universidad de Cantabria. - 1697-4840 .- 1697-9133. ; 20:3, s. 123-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A proper assessment of maritime security risks at the national level is crucial to a national maritime security plan (NMSP) in order to secure the concerned country’s ports, vessels and territorial sea. Thus, the importance of implementing a national maritime security assessment (NMSA) to counter security threats and ensure the continuity of national and international trade. The most important set of international regulations concerning maritime security is the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code, which includes revision, approval and control of compliance of the Port Facility Security Plan (PFSP), which shall be based upon the Port Facility Security Assessment (PFSA). This paper proposes a mathematical dynamic model that calculates in real time the residual risk for the whole country and each of its ports by adapting and expanding the formula and procedures established in the Code, which since it has already been implemented around the world, gives the opportunity to take advantage of this quantitative solution to administrate maritime security risks on a nation-wide basis and create an effective national maritime security plan, which would allow the concerned authorities to improve situational awareness and adapt to security changes through a better planning of human, economic and material resources to deter security threats. The model was tested with the use of five encoded categories as countries, each of them with three ports, which encompassed three port facilities. The results indicate that this methodology is easy to implement and widespread use of that model could strength robustness in national security.
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| 3. |
- Ericson, Marika, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Covid-19 i Sverige : Rättsliga perspektiv på krisberedskap och de åtgärder som vidtagits för att hantera pandemin
- 2020
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Ingår i: Svensk Juristtidning. - Uppsala : Iustus förlag. - 0039-6591. ; :10, s. 1080-1097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I denna artikel presenterar vi några av de rättsliga åtgärder som vidtagits av lagstiftare, regering och myndigheter under pandemin och sätter dem i ett konstitutionellt och förvaltningskulturellt sammanhang. Artikeln inleds med en genomgång och analys av vissa ingripande rättsliga åtgärder av klassisk smittskyddskaraktär, exempelvis förbud mot folksamlingar, stängning av skolor och andra verksamheter och liknande. Däremot tar vi inte upp åtgärder av stödjande karaktär, exempelvis olika former av ekonomiskt stöd såsom permitteringsstöd, anstånd med skatter och dylikt. Efter detta går vi igenom vissa grundläggande skillnader mellan regelverket för totalförsvar och krisberedskap och beskriver krisberedskapssystemet något mer i detalj. Slutligen betraktar vi Covid-19 ur systemperspektivet och drar slutsatser inför framtiden.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- David, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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How does the involvement of a multinational peacekeeping force affect the classification of a situation?
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Review of the Red Cross. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1816-3831 .- 1607-5889. ; 95:891/892, s. 659-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ‘debate’ section of the Review aims at contributing to the reflection on current ethical, legal, or practical controversies around humanitarian issues.In this issue of the Review, we invited two experts in international humanitarian law (IHL) and multinational peace operations – Professor Eric David and Professor Ola Engdahl – to debate on the way in which the involvement of a multinational force may affect the classification of a situation. This question is particularly relevant to establishing whether the situation amounts to an armed conflict or not and, if so, whether the conflict is international or non-international in nature. This in turn will determine the rights and obligations of each party, especially in a context in which multinational forces are increasingly likely to participate in the hostilities.
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| 9. |
- Harrison Dinniss, Heather, et al.
(författare)
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Soldier 2.0 : Military Human Enhancement and International Law
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Law Studies. - Newport, RI, USA : Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, U.S. Naval War College. - 2375-2831. ; 92, s. 432-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in technologies that could endow humans with physical or mental abilities that go beyond the statistically normal level of functioning are occurring at an incredible pace. The use of these human enhancement technologies by the military, for instance in the spheres of biotechnology, cybernetics and prosthetics, raise a number of questions under the international legal frameworks governing military technology, namely the law of armed conflict and human rights law. The article examines these frameworks with a focus on weapons law, the law pertaining to the detention of and by “enhanced individuals,” the human rights of those individuals and their responsibility for the actions they take while under the influence of enhancements.
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| 10. |
- Hayashi, Nobuo
(författare)
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Do the Good Intentions of European Human Rights Law Really Pave the Road to IHL Hell for Civilian Detainees in Occupied Territory?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Conflict and Security Law. - Oxford : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1467-7954 .- 1467-7962. ; 20:1, s. 133-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article cautions against the notion that the good intentions of European human rights law necessarily undermine international humanitarian law. In Al-Jedda, despite some suggestions to the contrary, the European Court did not misconstrue the law of belligerent occupation. The court erred, however, in assuming that the duty of non-detention under Article 5(1) of the European Convention can only be ‘displaced’ by a counter-duty of security detention. Whereas the law of belligerent occupation does not impose such a counter-duty, it does empower the occupation authorities to detain on security grounds, and exercising this power would frustrate observing Article 5(1) and vice versa. The norm conflict was soluble, but the would-be need to modify the scope and/or content of Article 5(1) or the law of belligerent occupation, rendered the European Court ill suited for the task. Nevertheless, the court’s ruling against the UK need not mean that European occupying powers suddenly have no choice but to kill rather than detain without charge (and risk lawsuits later) when countering security threats. On the contrary, the law of belligerent occupation helps the occupiers devise Al-Jedda-compliant detention regimes. The judgment’s repercussions are direr for the internment of prisoners of war.
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