| 1. |
- Lindahl, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Normative systems and their revision: an algebraic approach
- 2003
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Ingår i: Artificial Intelligence and Law. ; 11:2-3, s. 81-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper discusses normative systems and their revision within an algebraic framework. If a system is logically well-formed, certain norms, called connecting norms, determine the system as a whole. It is maintained that, if the system is well-formed, a relation at least as low as determines a lattice or quasi-lattice of its connecting norms. The ideas are presented mainly in the form of comments on a legal example concerning acquisition of movable property by extinction of another person's previous rights.
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| 2. |
- Sun, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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A BIM-based approach to design a lifecycle 3D property formation process : A Swedish case study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 131, s. 106712-106712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 3D property formation has become an important solution to provide a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the property's physical characteristics than traditional 2D property formation. Despite the numerous benefits of the 3D property formation, there is a need for more detailed descriptions of 3D cadastral data delivery between the involved actors to ensure efficient and effective collaboration. In particular, the practical difficulties are when/what related 3D cadastral information and models should be exchanged and stored from/to whom. Therefore, to address these issues, we propose a lifecycle 3D property formation process with four phases by designing an IDM process, which is an international open BIM process standard. In the purpose of forming a Swedish lifecycle 3D property formation process, the IDM process has been applied through organizational, legal and technical aspects, including identifying actors and their roles and values, gathering 3D property formation requirements, defining the data exchange requirements and designing the process map. Moreover, a case study was used to specify the Swedish lifecycle 3D property formation process and information delivery between stakeholders in the IDM. The aim is to facilitate a standardized and unambiguous digital 3D property formation procedure on a national level in order to improve and enhance the digital Swedish Cadastral and Land Administration Systems, but the process is quite generic and could also be applied in other countries.
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| 3. |
- Kitsakis, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Бүлэг 1 Эрх зүйн үндэслэл (Chapter 1: Legal foundations)
- 2024
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Ingår i: 3DКАДАСТРЫН ШИЛДЭГ ТУРШЛАГУУД (Best Practices 3D Cadastres). - Copenhagen : International Federation of Surveyors (FIG). - 978 87 92853 64 6 ; , s. 1-67
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Гурван хэмжээст (3 D үл хөдлөх хөрөнгийн талаарх ойлголт, үзэл баримтлалууд 90 ээд онысүүл үеэс эхлэн газар зохион байгуулалтын баримт бичиг болон судалгааны бүтээлүүдэдтусах болсон билээ. Өнөө цагт бид 3 D кадастрын талаар хийгдсэн судалгаа, өргөн цархүрээтэй ойлголт, шилд эг туршлагуудыг олон ном, судалгааны бүтээлүүдээс харж болно.Хэдий тийм боловч ихэнх улс орнуудад 3 D үл хөдлөх хөрөнгийн эрх зүйн зохицуулалтуудыгнарийвчлан тодорхойлж 3 D кадастрын системийг эрхлэх асуудал одоо хүртэл нарийншийдэгдэ эгүй, судлагдаагүй хэвээр байна.Энэ бүлэгт Европ, Хойд болон Латин Америк, Ойрх Дорнод, Австралийн нийт 15 өөр эрхзүйн орчин дахь 3 D үл хөдлөх хөрөнгийн үзэл баримтлалыг зохиогчдын өөрсдийнх ньүндэсний туршлагад тулгуурлан харьцуулан авч үзсэн болно. Түүнчлэн Герман, Франц,Скандинав з эрэг өөр өөр ялгаатай иргэний эрх зүйн орчин дэх 3 D кадастрын системийнжишээг авч үзсэн нь эдгээр улстай ижил төрлийн эрх зүйн систем хөгжсөн бусад орнуудад3D кадастрын системийг нэвтрүүлэхэд тус нэмэр болох буй заа. Гэхдээ эдгээр жишээ, сайнтуршлагууд нь 3 D кадастрын системийг нэвтрүүлэх, хэрэгжүүлэх гэх мэт өөр өөр үе шатандявж байгааг анхаарна биз ээ. Энэ нь 3 D үл хөдлөх хөрөнгийн үзэл баримтлал, 3 D кадастрынсистемийг нэвтрүүлэхэд тулгамдаж буй асуудлуудыг тодорхойлоход хувь нэмэр оруулахынзэрэгцээ тухайн эрх зүйн орчинд хараахан бий болоогүй байгаа бэрхшээл, асуудлуудыгурьдчилж харахад илүү дөхөм болгож байна.Түүнчлэн та бүхэнд хүргэхийг зорьсон дараагийн асуудал бол тухайн улс бүрийн эрх зүйнорчин болон кадастрын систем дэх 3 D гэж тодорхойлсон кадастрын объектуудын онцлог,шинж чанаруудыг илүү тодотгон тайлбарлах юм. Мөн 3 D кадастрын системтэй улсорнуудаас э хлээд 3 D кадастрын системийг нэвтрүүлэх сонирхолгүй байгаа улс орнуудынжишээ, туршлагад дүн шинжилгээ хийж 3 D кадастрын объектын мөн чанар, үзэл баримтлал,бүртгэлийн зохицуулалтын тогтолцооны ялгааг харуулжээ. Тус бүтээлд дээр дурдсан улсорнуудын 3 D кад астрын эрх зүйн үзэл баримтлалд дүн шинжилгээ хийх замаар 2014 ондДубайд болсон 3 D кадастрын олон улсын 4 р хурлын эрх зүйн салбар хуралдааныхэлэлцүүлэгт хөндөгдсөн асуудлуудыг үргэлжлүүлсэн болно. Үүний үр дүнд 3 D үл хөдлөххөрөнгийн тухай одоо байгаа эрх зүйн тогтолцоо, үзэл баримтлал, ойлголтуудыг тоймложхөрөнгийн тухай одоо байгаа эрх зүйн тогтолцоо, үзэл баримтлал, ойлголтуудыг тоймлож тэдгээрийн ижил төстэй болон ялгаатай байдлыг тайлбарласан байна. Төгсгөлд нь цаашид тэдгээрийн ижил төстэй болон ялгаатай байдлыг тайлбарласан байна. Төгсгөлд нь цаашид хэрхэх арга замыг танилцуулж, тухайн улсын болон олон улсын хэмжээнд 3хэрхэх арга замыг танилцуулж, тухайн улсын болон олон улсын хэмжээнд 3D D кадастрын кадастрын систсистемийг нэвтрүүлэхэд хууль тогтоомжид нь ямар нэмэлт өөрчлөлт оруулах шаардлагатай емийг нэвтрүүлэхэд хууль тогтоомжид нь ямар нэмэлт өөрчлөлт оруулах шаардлагатай талаар судалгааны үндэслэл боловсруулах шаардлагыг тодорхойлжээ.талаар судалгааны үндэслэл боловсруулах шаардлагыг тодорхойлжээ.
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| 4. |
- Lindahl, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Intermediaries and intervenients in normative systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Logic. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-8683 .- 1570-8691. ; 6:2, s. 229-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many concepts in legal texts are “intermediaries”, in the sense that they serve as links between statements of legal grounds, on one hand, and of legal consequences, on the other. In our paper, an algebraic representation of normative systems is used for distinguishing between different kinds of intermediaries and making the idea of a joining between grounds and consequences more precise. In Section 1, the idea of intermediaries is presented and earlier discussions of the subjects are outlined. In Section 2, we introduce the algebraic framework and develop the formal theory. After introducing our approach to the representation of a normative system, we here present a theory of “intervenients”, seen as a tool for analysing intermediaries. In Section 3, dealing with applications, after presenting a model of the formal theory, suited for the analysis of concepts in normative systems, we apply the theory to a number of examples, introduced in the first part. Finally, in Section 4, we make some remarks on the methodology of intermediate concepts.
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| 5. |
- Çağdaş, Volkan, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the property boundary – A review of selected civil law jurisdictions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 124, s. 106445-106445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The boundary of real property is the fundamental element for securing rights attached to land. Countries, even with a long-standing cadastral tradition, often face the challenge of interpreting the course of a parcel boundary on the ground based on the available evidence, as data quality is very heterogeneous. Various cadastral principles and procedures have been developed for the determination of parcel boundaries in the field, which may also be associated with resolving boundary disputes. This article documents and compares the principles and procedures applied in the determination of property boundaries in selected civil law countries based on a novel conceptual model developed for that purpose. The notion of ‘boundary determination’ used in this article refers to demarcating and surveying land parcel boundaries during the initial cadastral survey and cadastral update procedures. The selected countries include Denmark and Sweden, which apply Nordic civil law; Slovenia and Turkey, which apply German civil law; and Spain, which applies Napoleonic civil law. The demarcation principles and processes applied in the different cadastral systems, the parties involved, and the evidence taken into consideration in these processes are described and compared. The main aim is to contribute to the documentation of the reasoning applied to the property boundary determination in the selected civil law countries.
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| 6. |
- Dimopooulou, Efi, et al.
(författare)
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Chapter 2. Initial Registration of 3D Parcels
- 2018
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Ingår i: Best Practices 3D Cadastres - Printed version. - Copenhagen, Denmark : International Federation of Surveyors. - 9788792853646 ; , s. 19-27
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 3D geoinformation is becoming increasingly important towards decision-making, land management and land development. Research has demonstrated the actual added value of 3D information over 2D in the cases of an overall more efficient integration of urban vs. regional planning and management, especially when dealing with 3D under- ground/aboveground infrastructures. Despite the fact that there has been consistent research within geoinformation science (GISc) on the concept of 3D for more than a decade now, several potentially involved parties are still reluctant to invest in 3D data, 3D techniques and applications. As a consequence, large administration processes re- lating to urban/ rural planning often run up financial losses simply because generic geoinformation is not part of the process (Stoter, 2011; Stoter et al, 2012).
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| 7. |
- Kitsakis, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Chapter 1. Legal Foundations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Best Practices 3D Cadastres - Printed version. - Copenhagen, Denmark : International Federation of Surveyors. - 9788792853844 - 9788792853837 ; , s. 1-18
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The concepts of three-dimensional (3D) real property have been the subject of increasedinterest in land use management and research since the late ‘90s while literatureprovides various examples of extensive research towards 3D Cadastres as well asalready implementing 3D cadastral systems. However, in most countries the legal aspectsof 3D real property and its incorporation into 3D cadastral systems have not beenso rigorously examined.This chapter compares and discusses 3D property concepts in fifteen selected countries,based on the authors’ national experience, covering Europe, North and LatinAmerica, Middle East and Australia.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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3D property formation in complex infrastructure- and building projects : Exemplified by the Slussen project in Stockholm
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on the Land Administration Domain Model and 3D Land Administration. - Köpenhamn. - 9788793914094 ; , s. 196-216
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes the use of 3D real property formation at a major construction site inStockholm, Sweden, project Slussen.Real property formation with complex 3D volumes and numerous real properties andassociated rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) has to be shown with the realproperties and RRRs in relation to each other. The present legal solutions and documentationthereof are based on analogue documentation (digitalised to pdf) and cannot be attached ase.g. dwg files. Architects and other professionals do not normally have access to the 3D realproperty boundaries in their 3D building models from the beginning of a project and the exactlocations of boundaries are agreed upon during the formation process to achieve as usablesolutions as possible.The aim of this paper is to describe the 3D property formation process when involvingcomplex solutions securing RRRs to solve legal and planning challenges on different levels ofdetail. The paper focuses on the cadastral real property formation procedures using 3Dproperty formation for constructions above and underground, as well as how they areregistered in the national real property register. The paper illustrates a complex 3D propertysolution and adds to the understanding of the challenges of registration and visualisation ofSwedish 3D real property in Stockholm, focusing on legal as well as technical experiences.This research is a document study based on an analysis of the property formation andplanning documentation and processes of a cadastral procedure conducted in the Slussenproject, as well as associated documentation from other agencies, and by interviewing keypersons involved in the project. The paper illustrates the need for a national cadastral indexmap in three dimensions to be used in the formal real property formation procedures, toachieve a comprehensible and correct representation and visualisation of 3D real propertiesand RRRs in Sweden.The results can be used as input in coming property formations of a similar kind, as well as acomponent for the development of a national three-dimensional cadastral index map.Furthermore, the results can be an input to capacity building for the future use of 3D modelsas part of the formal cadastral property formation procedure.
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Representation of 3D cadastral boundaries : From analogue to digital
- 2020
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses problems and challenges concerning the process of conversion of 2D analogue cadastral boundary plans into 3D digital information and is based on experiences from a research project on visualization of 3D property boundaries in Sweden. An area next to a newly constructed sports– and event arena in Stockholm, where 3D properties are formed, is used as a case study in the project to illustrate the process and the problems related to it. Focus lies on legal issues, although other aspects are mentioned as well. The rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) are registered in the national Real Property Register, which also includes registration in the two–dimensional Digital Cadastral Index Map. A description of the process of forming 3D property is included in the paper regarding the documents and parties involved. The result of the study is that it is necessary to interpret two–dimensional cadastral data and textual descriptions in order for it to be used in a digital 3D environment, e.g. BIM.The study shows that current legislation has to be investigated and interpreted in detail to be able to add or transform into using 3D models as part of cadastral decisions in Sweden. The current cadastral process is also analysed and suggestions for further development are provided.
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| 10. |
- Paasch, Jesper M., Tekn. dr, Docent, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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3D Property Research from a Legal Perspective Revisited
- 2021
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Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI. - 2073-445X. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of 3D cadastre is widespread internationally and part of many nations’ legal infrastructure. Since the publication of a literature survey on 3D cadastre research by Paulsson and Paasch in 2013, there has been a considerable amount of research output and activities in regard to 3D cadastre, which led us to believe that a new investigation of 3D cadastre publications could be of interest. The aim of this study is to analyze the development in 3D cadastre research during the years 2012–2020, focusing on the legal perspective of 3D property. A classification was made into main groups, legal, technical, registration and organizational, also investigating the occurrence of sub-themes such as visualization, BIM and standardization. The results of other literature studies on 3D cadastre research were compared with the outcome of this study. The number of identified publications during the analyzed years was 530. The study showed that the number of publications on legal topics has increased, but in relation to the other groups is still rather low. The 3D cadastre research community could benefit from the inclusion of the legal perspective in publications from other main groups, along with an increased focus on international comparative studies.
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