| 1. |
- Israelsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Compulsory Commitment to Care of Substance Misusers : A Worldwide Comparative Analysis of the Legislation
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Open Addiction Journal. - 1874-9410. ; 3:1, s. 117-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the worldwide use of compulsory commitment to care (CCC) at the end of the 20th century and evaluates the implementation of WHO recommendations since the 1960s. Based on three WHO reports, the legislation of 90 countries and territories are analyzed, and types as well as predictors of such legislation are analyzed in multivariate models from country characteristics. Laws on CCC for alcohol and drug misusers are common all over the world; more than 80 percent of the countries and territories studied have such laws. The majority use civil commitment – acute or rehabilitative – in accordance with welfare logic, while a large minority still uses commitment under criminal law, based on a moral logic. Civil CCC is positively related to strong economies or having been part of the Soviet legal system. CCC under criminal law is negatively related to the same factors.
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| 2. |
- Israelsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Compulsory commitment to care of substance misusers - international trends during 25 years
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - Basel : S. Karger. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 6:18, s. 302-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose:The study explores international trends in law on compulsory commitment to care of substance misusers (CCC), and two subtypes – civil CCC and CCC within criminal justice legislation – as well as maximum length and amount of applications of such care. Method: The time period covers more than 25 years, and a total of 104 countries and territories. The study is based on available data in three times of observation (1986, 1999 and 2009). Applications of CCC in number of cases are studied on European level for the years 2002–2006. Trends are analyzed using nonparametric tests and general linear models for repeated measures. Findings are discussed from contextual analysis. Result: There is a trend towards decrease in the number of countries worldwide having civil CCC legislation after the millennium, while CCC under criminal law has increased since the mid-1980s, resulting in some total net decrease. The shift results in longer mean duration of CCC and an increase in the number of cases sentenced. Conclusion: There is a risk that the shift from civil CCC to penal CCC implies more focus on young outacting males in compulsory treatment and that the societal responsibility for more vulnerable persons might be neglected.
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| 3. |
- Israelsson, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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European laws on compulsory commitment to care of persons suffering from substance use disorders or misuse problems – a comparative review from a human and civil rights perspective
- 2015
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Ingår i: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. - London, United Kingdom : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1747-597X. ; 10, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundLaws on compulsory commitment to care (CCC) in mental health, social and criminal legislation for adult persons with alcohol and/or drug dependence or misuse problems are constructed to address different scenarios related to substance use disorders. This study examines how such CCC laws in European states vary in terms of legal rights, formal orders of decision and criteria for involuntary admission, and assesses whether three legal frameworks (criminal, mental and social law) equally well ensure human and civil rights.MethodsThirty-nine laws, from 38 countries, were analysed. Respondents replied in web-based questionnaires concerning a) legal rights afforded the persons with substance use problems during commitment proceedings, b) sources of formal application, c) instances for decision on admission, and d) whether or not 36 different criteria could function as grounds for decisions on CCC according to the law in question. Analysis of a-c were conducted in bivariate cross-tabulations. The 36 criteria for admission were sorted in criteria groups based on principal component analysis (PCA). To investigate whether legal rights, decision-making authorities or legal criteria may discriminate between types of law on CCC, discriminant analyses (DA) were conducted.ResultsThere are few differences between the three types of law on CCC concerning legal rights afforded the individual. However, proper safeguards of the rights against unlawful detention seem still to be lacking in some CCC laws, regardless type of law. Courts are the decision-making body in 80 % of the laws, but this varies clearly between law types. Criteria for CCC also differ between types of law, i.e. concerning who should be treated: dependent offenders, persons with substance use problems with acting out or aggressive behaviors, or other vulnerable persons with alcohol or drug problems.ConclusionThe study raises questions concerning whether various European CCC laws in relation to substance use disorder or misuse problems comply with international ratified conventions concerning human and civil rights. This, however, applies to all three types of law, i.e. social, mental health and criminal legislation. The main differences between law types concern legal criteria, reflecting different national priorities on implicit ambitions of CCC – for correction, for prevention, or for support to those in greatest need of care.
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| 4. |
- Koutsogeorgou, Eleni, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating social capital indicators and national inclusive education policies in six European countries
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Inclusive Education. - 1360-3116 .- 1464-5173.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates how measures of social capital correspond with inclusive education policies by linking both to the ICF-CY. The method employs cross-country comparative analyses of six European countries – Germany, Greece, Romania, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom – based on social capital indicators from the European Social Survey (Round 4-2008), along with comparison on the level of inclusive education policies within these countries by analyzing policies from a participation perspective. The results indicate that the ICF-CY is a useful tool for measuring both social capital and inclusive education policies, and although no connections could be drawn between social capital and inclusive education policy, the ICF-CY provided a consistent and common language for describing health and its related topics.
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