| 1. |
- Frankelius, Per
(författare)
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Innovationen som tog skruv
- 2015
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 112:20–21, s. 985-987
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Läkaren och professorn emeritus Per-Ingvar Brånemark avled 20 december 2014. Han etablerade området osseointegration, strukturell förbindelse mellan levande ben och ytan av ett artificiellt material, som i dag utnyttjas för allt från höftleder och fästelement för silikonproteser till hörapparater. 2011 fick Brånemark priset European Inventor Award i kategorin Lifetime achievement av det europeiska patentverket. Men processen från uppfinning till berömmelse var tidvis turbulent – både i medicinskt och ekonomiskt perspektiv.
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| 2. |
- El-Alti, Leila, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Caregiver perspectives on patient capacities and institutional pathways to person centered forensic psychiatric care
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ethical discourse surrounding patients’ agential capacities, vis-à-vis their active participation in shared decision-making (SDM) in forensic psychiatric (FP) contexts, is an unexplored area of inquiry. The aim of this paper is to explore caregivers’ perceptions of patient agential capacities and institutional pathways and barriers to person centered care (PCC) in the context of FP. Following an exploratory qualitative design, we conducted eight semi-structured interviews with hands-on caregivers at an in-patient FP facility in Sweden. A deductive framework method of analysis was employed, and four themes emerged: “Fundamental Variability in Patient Capacity”, “Patient Participation: Narration or Compliance?”, “Antagonism Rooted in Power Struggles”, and “System Structure Thwarts Patient Release”. While the results generally paint a bleak picture for the possibility of a person-centered FP care, we describe a constrained version of PCC with high-level SDM dynamics which promotes a certain degree of patient empowerment while allowing care strategies, within set restrictions, to promote patient adherence and treatment progress.
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| 3. |
- Alawa, J., et al.
(författare)
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Medication for opioid use disorder in the Arab World: A systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Drug Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-3959 .- 1873-4758. ; 102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a global public health concern. The standard of care for OUD involves treatment using medications such as buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone. No known review exists to assess the contextual factors associated with medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in the Arab World. This systematic review serves as an implementation science study to address this research gap and improve the uptake of MOUD in the Arab World. Methods: Systematic searches of Medline, PsycINFO, and EMBASE, and a citation analysis, were used to identify peer-reviewed articles with original data on MOUD in the Arab World. Quality assessment was conducted using the CASP appraisal tools, and main findings were extracted and coded according to the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Results: 652 research articles were identified, and 10 met inclusion criteria for final review. Four studies considered health-systems aspects of MOUD administration, such as cost-effectiveness, the motivations for and impact of national MOUD policies, the types of social, political, and scientific advocacy that led to the adoption of MOUD in Arab countries, and the challenges limiting its wide-scale adoption in the Arab World. Six papers considered MOUD at individual and group patient levels by evaluating patient quality of life, addiction severity, patient satisfaction, and patient perspectives on opioid agonist therapy. Conclusion: Despite financial and geographic barriers that limit access to MOUD in the Arab World, this review found MOUD to be cost-effective and associated with positive health outcomes for OUD patients in the Arab World. MOUD can be successfully established and scaled to the national level in the Arab context, and strong coalitions of health practitioners can lobby to establish MOUD programs in Arab countries. Still, the relative novelty of MOUD in this context precludes an abundance of research to address its long-term delivery in the Arab World. © 2022
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Priebe, Gisela, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence, Characteristics, and Associations of Sexual Abuse with Sociodemographics and Consensual Sex in a Population-Based Sample of Swedish Adolescents
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. - : Routledge. - 1053-8712 .- 1547-0679. ; 18:1, s. 19-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate lifetime prevalence and characteristics of self-reported child sexual abuse and associations between child sexual abuse, gender, sociodemographic data, and consensual sexual experiences. A questionnaire was completed by 4,339 Swedish high school seniors. Three categories of child sexual abuse were studied: noncontact, contact without penetration, and penetrating child sexual abuse. Penetrating child sexual abuse was correlated with the most severe abuse characteristics. Students reporting child sexual abuse, especially penetrating child sexual abuse, were more likely to not be living with both parents, to have parents with lower socioeconomic status, and to have their first consensual intercourse at a young age. The study showed that distinct categories of child sexual abuse must be employed since each category shows a specific pattern concerning abuse characteristics, sociodemographics, and consensual sex.
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| 6. |
- Petaros, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating sexual dimorphism in the human mastoid process : A viewpoint on the methodology
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y. Print). - : Wiley. - 0897-3806 .- 1098-2353. ; 28:5, s. 593-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mastoid process is one of the most sexually dimorphic features in the human skull, and is therefore often used to identify the sex of skeletons. Numerous techniques for assessing variation in the size and shape of the mastoid process have been proposed and implemented in osteological research, but its complex form still presents difficulties for consistent and effective analysis. In this article, we compare the different techniques and variables that have been used to define, measure, and visually score sexual dimorphism in the mastoid process. We argue that the current protocols fail to capture the full morphological range of this bony projection, and suggest ways of improving and standardizing them, regarding both traditional and 3D-based approaches. Clin. Anat. 28:593-601, 2015.
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| 7. |
- Bartelink, Eric J., et al.
(författare)
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A Case of Contested Cremains Analyzed Through Metric and Chemical Comparison
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 60:4, s. 1068-1073
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the 1980s, cremation has become the fastest growing area of the U.S. funeral industry. At the same time, the number of litigations against funeral homes and cremation facilities has increased. Forensic anthropologists are often asked to determine whether the contents of an urn are actually cremated bone, and to address questions regarding the identity of the remains. This study uses both metric and chemical analyses for resolving a case of contested cremains. A cremains weight of 2021.8 g was predicted based on the decedent's reported stature and weight. However, the urn contents weighed 4173.5 g. The urn contents also contained material inconsistent with cremains (e.g., moist sediment, stones, ferrous metal). Analysis using XRD and SEM demonstrated that the urn contained thermally altered bone as well as inorganic material consistent with glass fiber cement. Although forensically challenging, cremains cases such as this one can be resolved using a multidisciplinary approach.
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| 8. |
- Fredlund, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' Lifetime Experience of Selling Sex : Development Over Five Years
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. - : Routledge. - 1053-8712 .- 1547-0679. ; 22:3, s. 312-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifetime experience of selling sex among adolescents was investigated together with sociodemographic correlates, parentchild relationship, and the existence of people to confide in. Changes over time regarding the selling of sex were investigated through a comparison of data from 2004 and 2009. This study was carried out using 3,498 adolescents from a representative sample of Swedish high school students with a mean age 18.3 years. Of these adolescents, 1.5% stated that they had given sexual services for reimbursement and both male and female buyers existed. The adolescents who had sold sex had a poorer parentchild relationship during childhood and had fewer people to confide in about problems and worries. Changes over time were found especially regarding the Internet as a contact source and also immigrant background.
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| 9. |
- Frković, Vedran, et al.
(författare)
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Finger width as a measure of femoral block puncture site : an ultrasonographic anatomical-anthropometric study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical anesthesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 0952-8180 .- 1873-4529. ; 27:7, s. 553-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study objective: Femoral nerve blockade is a regional anesthetic procedure that may be used in prehospital and emergency settings in cases of femoral trauma. Its speed and performance depend on how well the puncture site can be accurately located, something that usually is achieved via visible landmarks and/or by combining various universal preestablished measurements. Most of these methods have been derived from cadaver studies, which often suffer limitations in clinical settings. To facilitate a quick and easy determination of the puncture site, we here attempt to find an in vivo anthropometric measure that closely corresponds to the distance between the femoral artery and femoral nerve.Design: This is a prospective observational study.Patients: The study includes 67 patients presenting for elective surgery.Measurements: The distance from the femoral nerve to the femoral artery, projected to the skin, was measured by a 13-MHz ultrasonographic linear probe. Anthropometric measurements of the width of the hand fingers were carried out at the distal interphalangeal joints.Results: The distance from the femoral artery to the femoral nerve projected to the skin was found to closely correspond to the width of the fifth finger of the dominant hand measured at the distal interphalangeal joint.Conclusion: Because it relies on individual anthropometric information, this finding offers an individualized approach to determining the puncture site in a given patient. We believe that such an approach can improve and simplify femoral nerve blockade procedures in prehospital and emergency settings.
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| 10. |
- Lindgren, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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A likelihood ratio-based approach for improved source attribution in microbiological forensic investigations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common objective in microbial forensic investigations is to identify the origin of a recovered pathogenic bacterium by DNA sequencing. However, there is currently no consensus about how degrees of belief in such origin hypotheses should be quantified, interpreted, and communicated to wider audiences. To fill this gap, we have developed a concept based on calculating probabilistic evidential values for microbial forensic hypotheses. The likelihood-ratio method underpinning this concept is widely used in other forensic fields, such as human DNA matching, where results are readily interpretable and have been successfully communicated in juridical hearings. The concept was applied to two case scenarios of interest in microbial forensics: (1) identifying source cultures among series of very similar cultures generated by parallel serial passage of the Tier 1 pathogen Francisella tularensis, and (2) finding the production facilities of strains isolated in a real disease outbreak caused by the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Evidence values for the studied hypotheses were computed based on signatures derived from whole genome sequencing data, including deep-sequenced low-frequency variants and structural variants such as duplications and deletions acquired during serial passages. In the F. tularensis case study, we were able to correctly assign fictive evidence samples to the correct culture batches of origin on the basis of structural variant data. By setting up relevant hypotheses and using data on cultivated batch sources to define the reference populations under each hypothesis, evidential values could be calculated. The results show that extremely similar strains can be separated on the basis of amplified mutational patterns identified by high-throughput sequencing. In the L. monocytogenes scenario, analyses of whole genome sequence data conclusively assigned the clinical samples to specific sources of origin, and conclusions were formulated to facilitate communication of the findings. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential of using bacterial whole genome sequencing data, including data on both low frequency SNP signatures and structural variants, to calculate evidence values that facilitate interpretation and communication of the results. The concept could be applied in diverse scenarios, including both epidemiological and forensic source tracking of bacterial infectious disease outbreaks.
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