| 1. |
- Singh, Nandita, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Accessing water through a rights-based approach : problems and prospects regarding children
- 2012
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Ingår i: Water Policy. - : IWA Publishing. - 1366-7017 .- 1996-9759. ; 14:2, s. 298-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The right to water has been recently recognized as a fundamental human right by the United Nations, thereby clarifying its status as 'legally binding', making it 'justiciable' and enforceable. This development has been heralded as a key that holds great potential to change the lives of the billions who still lack access to clean water. Many of those deprived of enjoyment of the right are children, who constitute up to a third of the population in the developing world. What is the value added of the rights-based approach for access to water, especially for children? Would recognition of the right to water as legally binding deliver real benefits to children in improving their access to water? Does it really offer anything new that can help them realize their right to water more effectively? These questions will be explored in this paper using empirical evidence from India, where water has been legally interpreted as a fundamental right, and as a welfare state, where there has been consistent effort on part of the state to improve children's access to water.
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| 2. |
- Singh, Nandita, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Children’s right to water as a contested domain : Gendered reflections from India
- 2008
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Ingår i: Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1011-6370 .- 1461-7072. ; 51:1, s. 102-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nandita Singh and her colleagues look at children's right to water in India. They argue for the exercise of the right by children by analyzing the universal normative-legal framework and its difference to the local socio-culturally defined framework. They suggest that defining problems and designing actions only within the normative-legal framework can obscure understanding the critical realities at the right-holders' end. They suggest that interventions at various levels, such as through policy and targeted programmes, have at best provided an ‘enabling environment’, but the process of implementation of children's rights at the right-holders' end is to date an incomplete socio-cultural process.
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| 3. |
- SINGH, Nandita, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and water from a human rights perspective : The role of context in translating international norms into local action
- 2008
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Ingår i: Rural Society. - : e-Content Management. - 1037-1656 .- 2204-0536. ; 18:3, s. 185-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important area in the discourse on gender and water is water supply where women are seen as the key actors and beneficiaries. A human rights approach to development has been adopted with access to safe water explicitly recognized as a basic human right. This right places a legal obligation upon governments to translate the international norms into practice.But does explicitly acknowledging the human right to water make a practical difference in women's lives? Using an actor-oriented perspective, this paper analyzes how the international legal norms for realization of the right get reconstructed in local communities where women are the right holders. The empirical data for the analysis will be drawn from a first-hand qualitative study in rural India.The findings of the study show how the socio-cultural matrix provides the environment for implementing the right and determines its equitable and effective exercise by women.
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| 4. |
- Dexe, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
An Empirical Investigation of the Right to Explanation Under GDPR in Insurance
- 2020
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Ingår i: Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business : TrustBus 2020 - TrustBus 2020. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030589868 - 9783030589851 ; 12395, s. 125-139, s. 125-139
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The GDPR aims at strengthening the rights of data subjects and to build trust in the digital single market. This is manifested by the introduction of a new principle of transparency. It is, however, not obvious what this means in practice: What kind of answers can be expected to GDPR requests citing the right to “meaningful information”? This is the question addressed in this article. Seven insurance companies, representing 90–95% of the Swedish home insurance market, were asked by consumers to disclose information about how premiums are set. Results are presented first giving descriptive statistics, then characterizing the pricing information given, and lastly describing the procedural information offered by insurers as part of their answers. Overall, several different approaches to answering the request can be discerned, including different uses of examples, lists, descriptions of logic, legal basis as well as data related to the process of answering the requests. Results are analyzed in light of GDPR requirements. A number of potential improvements are identified—at least three responses are likely to fail the undue delay requirement. The article is concluded with a discussion about future work.
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, Marika, et al.
(författare)
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How have public healthcare providers in Sweden conformed to the European Union’s Web Accessibility Directive regarding accessibility statements on their websites?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer Nature. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Web Accessibility Directive (WAD) is part of the European Union’s work for digital inclusion. The WAD obligates that public sector bodies’ websites meet accessibility standards and provide an accessibility statement on the website informing about inaccessible content, and a feedback mechanism for reporting accessibility issues or requesting inaccessible content in an accessible format. The objective of this study was to evaluate how healthcare providers in Sweden have applied accessibility statements on their websites as regulated by law. A descriptive study using a mixed methods approach was conducted, by quantitative descriptive data analysis of the healthcare providers’ accessibility statements compliance to requirements and qualitative data analysis of the written information provided in the accessibility statement. All but one of the 37 evaluated healthcare providers published an accessibility statement. None of the healthcare providers fully met the requirements for accessibility statements, and no one complied with the intention of the law, i.e. to provide accessible health information and eHealth services. There was no or minor progress between the first and the latest published accessibility statement. The possibility to declare no or partial compliance with the law, or claim disproportionate burden, and the lack of enforcement procedures, risk producing symbolic actions e.g., publishing accessibility statements without intention to abide by the law. We suggest that the directives for accessibility statements should be advanced regarding comprehensiveness, understandability, and usefulness. It is suggested that the assessment protocol developed for this study may be used for future evaluations of accessibility statements.
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| 6. |
- Andersdotter, Amelia, et al.
(författare)
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Godtyckligt regelverk hotar friheten på nätet
- 2013
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2013-09-03
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Reglerna som möjliggör stängning av hemsidor på internet präglas av godtycke och otydlighet. Men det behöver inte vara särskilt svårt att skapa ett nytt och rättssäkert regelverk. Här har Sveriges EU-kommissionär Cecilia Malmström en viktig roll. Frågan är om hon tar sitt ansvar, skriver politiker och nätdebattörer.
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| 7. |
- Dexe, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining automated decision-making: a multinational study of the GDPR right to meaningful information
- 2022
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Ingår i: Geneva papers on risk and insurance. Issues and practice. - : Springer Nature. - 1018-5895 .- 1468-0440.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) establishes a right for individuals to get access to information about automated decision-making based on their personal data. However, the application of this right comes with caveats. This paper investigates how European insurance companies have navigated these obstacles. By recruiting volunteering insurance customers, requests for information about how insurance premiums are set were sent to 26 insurance companies in Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands, Poland and Sweden. Findings illustrate the practice of responding to GDPR information requests and the paper identifies possible explanations for shortcomings and omissions in the responses. The paper also adds to existing research by showing how the wordings in the different language versions of the GDPR could lead to different interpretations. Finally, the paper discusses what can reasonably be expected from explanations in consumer oriented information.
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| 8. |
- Lindahl, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Intermediaries and intervenients in normative systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Logic. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-8683 .- 1570-8691. ; 6:2, s. 229-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many concepts in legal texts are “intermediaries”, in the sense that they serve as links between statements of legal grounds, on one hand, and of legal consequences, on the other. In our paper, an algebraic representation of normative systems is used for distinguishing between different kinds of intermediaries and making the idea of a joining between grounds and consequences more precise. In Section 1, the idea of intermediaries is presented and earlier discussions of the subjects are outlined. In Section 2, we introduce the algebraic framework and develop the formal theory. After introducing our approach to the representation of a normative system, we here present a theory of “intervenients”, seen as a tool for analysing intermediaries. In Section 3, dealing with applications, after presenting a model of the formal theory, suited for the analysis of concepts in normative systems, we apply the theory to a number of examples, introduced in the first part. Finally, in Section 4, we make some remarks on the methodology of intermediate concepts.
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| 9. |
- Lindahl, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Normative positions within an algebraic approach to normative systems
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Logic. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-8683 .- 1570-8691. ; 2:1, s. 63-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formal analysis of normative systems as initiated by Alchourrón and Bulygin can be complemented by the analysis of normative positions as pursued by Kanger, Lindahl, Sergot and Jones. The paper is a step towards integrating the two approaches within an algebraic theory of so-called Boolean quasi-orderings (Bqo's). In the general Bqo theory presented, a number of theoretical tools are introduced and elucidated by theorems, in particular those of fragment, connection, coupling and pair coupling. Condition implication structures (cis's) are models of the Bqo theory used for the representation of normative systems. A system of normative positions is introduced as a special kind of cis. The final section is devoted to an example exhibiting a legal mini-system where a cis of normative positions (np-cis) is joined to a descriptive cis.
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| 10. |
- Lindahl, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Normative systems and their revision: an algebraic approach
- 2003
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Ingår i: Artificial Intelligence and Law. ; 11:2-3, s. 81-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper discusses normative systems and their revision within an algebraic framework. If a system is logically well-formed, certain norms, called connecting norms, determine the system as a whole. It is maintained that, if the system is well-formed, a relation at least as low as determines a lattice or quasi-lattice of its connecting norms. The ideas are presented mainly in the form of comments on a legal example concerning acquisition of movable property by extinction of another person's previous rights.
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