| 1. |
- Urinboyev, Rustamjon, et al.
(författare)
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Corruption in a culture of money: Understanding social norms in post-Soviet Uzbekistan
- 2013
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Ingår i: Social and Legal Norms. - 9781409453437 ; , s. 267-284
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to explore the social meaning and ordinary activities surrounding informal transactions in order to better understand the social context forming the premises and informing the meaning of corruption in Uzbekistan. A theoretically founded hypothesis is that informal transactions in Uzbek society reflect different cultural meanings than in the Western world. If this is true, there may be reasons to re-evaluate the concept of corruption in order to reflect the morality of exchange in Uzbekistan. This article is based on two periods of field research between 2009-2010 in Oltiariq district of Fergana region, Uzbekistan. We used ethnographic methods and the case of wedding ceremonies in order to illustrate local perceptions of informal exchange. Our results can be summarised in three main points: (a) informal transactions are deeply embedded in cultural practices; (b) not all informal transactions are corrupt; (c) when talking about (or measuring) corruption, local perceptions should be taken into account.
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| 2. |
- Urinboyev, Rustamjon, et al.
(författare)
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Living Law, Legal Pluralism, and Corruption in Post-Soviet Uzbekistan
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law. - 0732-9113. ; 45:3, s. 372-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to explore the multifaceted meaning, logic, and morality of informal transactions in order to better understand the social context that informs the meaning of corruption and bribery in post-Soviet Uzbekistan. It will be argued that the informal transactions in Uzbek society reflect different cultural and functional meanings from those in most of the Western world, and hence transactions that from a Western-centric perspective would be labelled as bribes can be morally accepted transactions in the Uzbek cultural context. If this is true, there may be reasons to re-evaluate the relevance of the Western-centric interpretations of corruption in the context of Uzbekistan, and possibly other Central Asian countries. These issues will be investigated with reference to observations and informal interviews from post-Soviet Uzbekistan. This study is based on three periods of ethnographic field research between 2009 and 2012 in the Ferghana Province of Uzbekistan. It draws on concepts of ‘living law’ and legal pluralism to provide a theoretical framework.
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| 3. |
- Svensson, Måns, et al.
(författare)
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Migrant Agricultural Workers and Their Socio-‐economic, Occupational and Health Conditions– A Literature Review
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective This study provides the summary of current knowledge about migrant work in agriculture available from journal articles, books, reports and other relevant academic publications, focusing on political, economic, legal, social and medical aspects of migrant work in agriculture. Methods A systematic search was carried out on the LibHub and Google Scholar databases in order to compile the existing peer-reviewed publications, research reports, and policy papers concerning migrant work in agriculture. The literatures was selected through the following process: (1) reading the title and abstract in English for the period 1960 – 2011; (2) reading the entire text of selected articles; (3) making a manual search of the relevant quotations in the selected articles; (4) eliminating articles without a focus on migrant populations and the themes of central interest, and then reading and analyzing the definitive set of articles. Results In spite of their varying geographical focus, scope, unit of analysis and settings, most of the studies reviewed highlighted that migrant farmworkers work under very poor working conditions and face numerous health and safety hazards, including occupational chemical and ergonomic exposures, various injuries and illnesses and even death, discrimination and social exclusion, poor pay and long working hours, and language and cultural barriers. Many studies also reported poor enforcement of labour regulations and a lack of health and safety training on the farms, difficulty accessing medical care and compensation when injured or ill. Conclusions The studies have also pointed out the lack of research in relation to labour, health, psychosocial, and wage conditions of migrant farmworkers. The accumulated results of the study indicate that the issues and problems migrant farmworkers face are multidimensional, and there is a need for both policy development and further research in order to address migrant workers’ problems.
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| 4. |
- Svensson, Måns
(författare)
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Sociala normer och regelefterlevnad : Trafiksäkerhetsfrågor ur ett rättssociologiskt perspektiv
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis aims to: (a) broaden the knowledge base that makes up the foundation for decisions with regard to how traffic law enforcement is best outlined, as well as increasing the understanding of how the shaping of different public instruments of control affects the chances of success; and (b) contribute to the development of theory and methodology within sociology of law. The relationship between legal rules and social norms play a crucial part in the analysis. The study takes place within the framework of the broader question of how traffic control and sanctioning systems in general influence the road-users behaviour. Other strategies such as education, information or various technical solutions are ever so important but fall outside the scope of the specific issue being investigated in this study. The specific research question is: Can the observance of the laws on the roads be increased through increased traffic control and/or through more stringent sanctions? The question is delimited to speed, seat belt use and sobriety. The thesis thus operates using three fundamental unities of analysis: speed, seat belt use and sanction. The question will be answered using five main instruments. Firstly, it concerns a theoretical model of analysis developed for the study, which has been used in the design of the empirical analyses as well as in the analysis of empirical results. Secondly, the investigation originates from a description of the law and the authorities that are administrators of justice in the field. Thirdly, the results from an empirical investigation are presented that was directed towards Swedish embassies around the world and that gives an illustration of how supervision and sanctions are used in other countries. Fourthly, it relates to a literature study where European research results in the field are presented. Fifthly, the results from an empirical study of social norms in Sweden are presented, which has been conducted through a survey that a thousand people responded to. To conclude, it can be ascertained that the supervision and the sanctions are determining factors in terms of ensuring the observance of the laws on the roads. This is shown by both the literature study and the embassy study. The survey showed that the scope to improve the observance of the laws through increased supervision of the speed, seat belt and sobriety rules is decidedly broadest in the speed domain. If one wants to understand the reasons behind the reality that the law has not been able to ensure observance of the laws within the speed domain, one must proceed from the political action that forms the basis of Swedish road safety work. A fundamental problem is that the politicians have chosen to convey the zero vision to the authorities concerned through a concentrated proposed law, which is an exceedingly weak instrument of control. The political apparatus marks averseness and the authorities concerned turn downwards in the system directly towards the citizens to construct legitimacy. This kind of steering can in some areas be efficient and bring about positive results. But when dealing with an area where a gap has developed between the social norm system and the legal system, it is rather a counterproductive form of steering. When the authorities responsible for implementing the legislation must turn towards the public to seek support for their actions, it is clearly difficult to come to the conclusion of pressuring the public to act against their will. The legislation says one thing and the social norms another and the authorities concerned lack clear signals from both political quarters and from the public.
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| 5. |
- Svensson, Måns, et al.
(författare)
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Welfare as a means for political stability : a law and society analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Security. - 1388-2627. ; 14:2, s. 64-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There have been extensive discussions in academic circles of why some countries develop into welfare states while others do not. Two main factors mentioned in these discussions are economic growth and the need for political stability. In these discussions, the example of Sweden, where the welfare state allegedly emerged from a ‘culture of consensus’, has often been treated as an historic exception. In this article we discuss the relevance of the two main factors suggested in the literature, and investigate whether Sweden is a rare case of a country where welfare arose out of a culture of consensus or if welfare in Sweden emerged as a product of strategies that aimed at promoting political stability, and thereby followed a similar pattern to other Western European countries. In undertaking this task, we have conducted a review of the literature and used Migdal’s ‘state-in-society’ perspective and the ‘institutional approach’ as a theoretical framework. Our results can be summarised under three headings: (a) until the mid-twentieth century, Sweden was a highly unstable, conflict-ridden class society, and thereby a followed similar pattern to other Western European countries; (b) welfare reforms in Sweden were introduced as a means of addressing political and social instability; (c) Sweden is therefore no exception to the theory that deep political crises trigger welfare reforms.
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| 6. |
- Baier, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Normforskning som abduktion
- 2004
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Ingår i: Normvetenskapliga reflektioner. - 9928527946 ; Research Report, Sociology of Law 2004:5, s. 71-91
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För rättssociologin utgör normer det centrala begreppet och normer är rättssociologins främsta studieobjekt – i samhället och i rätten. Om man utgår från att normer (sociala och rättsliga) har en växlande (eller dubbel) ontologi och att vi till och med kan säga att normers väsen är att överbrygga varat och börat, ställs vi inför utmaningar rent kunskapsteoretiskt. Vilken vetenskaplig metod förmår att omfatta såväl varat som börat? Vi menar att hos Charles S. Peirce har fört fram viktiga argument. Peirce frågade sig om all forskning måste organiseras på ett strikt induktivt eller deduktivt sätt. Han argumenterade för ett tredje sätt att betrakta vetenskapen – nämligen ur ett abduktivt perspektiv. Den här artikeln argumenterar för att den rättssociologiska normforskningen skall beakta Peirce argument och anamma en abduktiv forskningsstrategi.
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| 7. |
- Baier, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Om normer
- 2009
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Baier, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Om normer
- 2018. - 2
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur vet vi vad som är rätt och fel i en situation? Och hur avgör vi hur vi ska handla? Lagar är tydligt nedskrivna och det finns föreskrivna sanktioner om man bryter mot lagen. Men så tydligt är inte vårt samhälle. När vi är laglydiga utan att känna till lagen följer vi egentligen normer. Vårt handlande styrs sällan enbart av lagar och regler utan av dessa, oskrivna och osynliga, normer.Normer och rättsregler hänger ihop. I den här boken analyseras och diskuteras samhällets och rättssystemets normer. Författarna ger en övergripande bild av vad normer är, hur de definieras, deras tillkomst och uppbyggnad samt olika typer av normer. De reflekterar även över normers betydelse i samhället - vilka funktioner de har och varför vi följer normer.Om normer är en uppföljning och fördjupning av Om rättssociologi. Boken är särskild framtagen för grundutbildningen i rättssociologi, men kan med fördel användas även på utbildningar i juridik, sociologi, socialt arbete och kriminologi.
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| 9. |
- Baier, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Om rättssociologi
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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