| 1. |
- Linander, Ida, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: A Policy Analysis of the Swedish Guidelines for Trans-Specific Healthcare
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Sexuality Research and Social Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-9884 .- 1553-6610. ; 18, s. 309-320
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Sweden has one of the world's longest histories of providing subsidized gender-confirming medical procedures for people with trans experiences. However, until 2015, Swedish trans-specific healthcare lacked formal guidelines. Methods In this study, we analyse the Swedish guidelines for trans-specific healthcare from 2015 using Bacchi's approach: "What's the problem represented to be?" Following this approach, we analyse problem representations in the guidelines with special focus on evaluation, diagnosis of gender dysphoria and criteria for access to care. Results Three problem representations were identified in our analysis: "the problem of (non)linear gender", "the mental health paradox" and "gender dysphoria as a psychiatric, psychological and psychosocial problem". Together, these problem representations construct gender dysphoria as a psychopathology and allocate the decision-making power to mental health care providers. Hence, the guidelines reconstruct the gatekeeping function among care providers while undermining care seekers' ability to attain self-determination. While the guidelines do allow for non-linear embodiment, they simultaneously reconstruct a linear relationship between gender identity and social gender role. Mental healthiness and, for migrants, having a residence permit seem to be favoured in the evaluation of gender dysphoria and for access to gender-confirming medical procedures, while aspects of gender euphoria are silenced. Conclusions We conclude that the guidelines resemble, and have similar effects to, the psychomedical understandings of gender dysphoria prevalent in medical research and practice. At the same time, the guidelines attempt to depathologize trans experiences and open up space for new subjectivities to be eligible for access to gender-confirming medical procedures. Policy Implication The knowledge from this study can be useful when constructing, revising or analysing guidelines for trans-specific healthcare in several contexts.
|
|
| 2. |
- Belfrage, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Prediction of violence using the HCR-20 : a prospective study in two maximum-security correctional institutions
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of forensic psychiatry (Print). - : Routledge. - 0958-5184 .- 1469-9478. ; 11:1, s. 167-175
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The HCR-20 and the PCL:SV were used in a prospective study of 41 long-term sentenced offenders in two correctional, maximum-security institutions. The aim was to test the validity of these instruments in the prediction of institutional violence. All assessments were made by a comprehensive examination of the offenders' files, completed with clinical interviews ranging from 1 to 3 hours. The mean follow-up time was 8 months. Our results show high predictive validity for the HCR-20's clinical and risk management items, but for almost none of its historical items. The results suggest that violence inside correctional institutions can be predicted with a certain degree of validity by using the HCR-20 and the PCL:SV, even within a selective 'high-risk' group of offenders such as that under study here.
|
|
| 3. |
- Douglas, S Kevin, et al.
(författare)
-
Reliability and validity evaluation of the psychopathy checklist: Screening version (PCL : SV) in Swedish correctional and forensic psychiatric samples
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Assessment. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-3489 .- 1073-1911. ; 12:2, s. 145-161
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the structural reliability, construct-related validity, and cultural validity generalization of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) in a sample of more than 560 male and female Swedish forensic psychiatric treatment patients, forensic evaluation patients, and criminal offenders. Structural reliability was excellent for most indices. PCL:SV scores were higher for males than females for total and Part 1 scores (interpersonal/affective features) but not for Part 2 (behavioral features). With some exceptions, PCL:SV scores were meaningfully related to aggression to others, a measure of risk for violence, substance use problems, personality disorder (positive), and psychosis (negative). Correlations between PCL:SV and aggression were larger for females than males, although the difference was smaller when personality disorder was held constant. The structural reliability and pattern of validity coefficients were comparable in these Swedish samples to other non-North American samples. Implications for the cross-cultural manifestation and correlates of psychopathy are discussed.
|
|
| 4. |
- Israelsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Compulsory commitment to care of substance misusers - international trends during 25 years
- 2012
-
Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - Basel : S. Karger. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 6:18, s. 302-321
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose:The study explores international trends in law on compulsory commitment to care of substance misusers (CCC), and two subtypes – civil CCC and CCC within criminal justice legislation – as well as maximum length and amount of applications of such care. Method: The time period covers more than 25 years, and a total of 104 countries and territories. The study is based on available data in three times of observation (1986, 1999 and 2009). Applications of CCC in number of cases are studied on European level for the years 2002–2006. Trends are analyzed using nonparametric tests and general linear models for repeated measures. Findings are discussed from contextual analysis. Result: There is a trend towards decrease in the number of countries worldwide having civil CCC legislation after the millennium, while CCC under criminal law has increased since the mid-1980s, resulting in some total net decrease. The shift results in longer mean duration of CCC and an increase in the number of cases sentenced. Conclusion: There is a risk that the shift from civil CCC to penal CCC implies more focus on young outacting males in compulsory treatment and that the societal responsibility for more vulnerable persons might be neglected.
|
|
| 5. |
- Israelsson, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
European laws on compulsory commitment to care of persons suffering from substance use disorders or misuse problems – a comparative review from a human and civil rights perspective
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. - London, United Kingdom : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1747-597X. ; 10, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundLaws on compulsory commitment to care (CCC) in mental health, social and criminal legislation for adult persons with alcohol and/or drug dependence or misuse problems are constructed to address different scenarios related to substance use disorders. This study examines how such CCC laws in European states vary in terms of legal rights, formal orders of decision and criteria for involuntary admission, and assesses whether three legal frameworks (criminal, mental and social law) equally well ensure human and civil rights.MethodsThirty-nine laws, from 38 countries, were analysed. Respondents replied in web-based questionnaires concerning a) legal rights afforded the persons with substance use problems during commitment proceedings, b) sources of formal application, c) instances for decision on admission, and d) whether or not 36 different criteria could function as grounds for decisions on CCC according to the law in question. Analysis of a-c were conducted in bivariate cross-tabulations. The 36 criteria for admission were sorted in criteria groups based on principal component analysis (PCA). To investigate whether legal rights, decision-making authorities or legal criteria may discriminate between types of law on CCC, discriminant analyses (DA) were conducted.ResultsThere are few differences between the three types of law on CCC concerning legal rights afforded the individual. However, proper safeguards of the rights against unlawful detention seem still to be lacking in some CCC laws, regardless type of law. Courts are the decision-making body in 80 % of the laws, but this varies clearly between law types. Criteria for CCC also differ between types of law, i.e. concerning who should be treated: dependent offenders, persons with substance use problems with acting out or aggressive behaviors, or other vulnerable persons with alcohol or drug problems.ConclusionThe study raises questions concerning whether various European CCC laws in relation to substance use disorder or misuse problems comply with international ratified conventions concerning human and civil rights. This, however, applies to all three types of law, i.e. social, mental health and criminal legislation. The main differences between law types concern legal criteria, reflecting different national priorities on implicit ambitions of CCC – for correction, for prevention, or for support to those in greatest need of care.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kristiansen, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Rättspsykiatri
- 2010. - 1
-
Ingår i: Omvårdnad vid psykisk ohälsa. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144056463 ; , s. 279-303
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 7. |
- Storey, Jennifer E., et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing violence risk among female IPV perpetrators : An examination of the B-SAFER
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1092-6771 .- 1545-083X. ; 22:9, s. 964-980
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global problem and one in which frontline assessment and management falls primarily to police. Although IPV is often conceptualized as a male-perpetrated crime, evidence substantiates female IPV perpetration and increased arrest rates, raising important issues for police. This article examines police use of the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER; Kropp, Hart, & Belfrage, 2005, 2010), a violence risk assessment tool for IPV. The B-SAFER was used to assess and manage 52 women arrested for IPV. When compared to Belfrage and Strand (2008), who examined men arrested for IPV in the same sample, women possessed fewer risk factors. Risk factors were related to summary risk judgments, although differences existed between genders and risk judgments were not related to management recommendations. Results suggest that risk factors, in addition to those in the B-SAFER, are required to assess risk for female IPV. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
|
|
| 8. |
- Temrin, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Is the higher rate of parental child homicide in stepfamilies an effect of non-genetic relatedness?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Current Zoology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1674-5507 .- 2396-9814. ; 57:3, s. 253-259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an evolutionary perspective individuals are expected to vary the degree of parental love and care in relation to the fitness value that a child represents. Hence, stepparents are expected to show less solicitude than genetically related parents, and this lack of genetic relatedness has been used to explain the higher frequencies of child abuse and homicide found in stepfamilies. However, other factors than non-genetic relatedness may cause this over-representation in stepfamilies. Here we use a 45-year data set of parental child homicides in Sweden to test two hypotheses related to the higher incidence in stepfamilies: 1) adults in different types of family differ in their general disposition to use violence, and 2) parents are more likely to kill stepchildren than genetically related children. Of the 152 perpetrators in biparental families there was an overrepresentation of perpetrators in stepfamilies (n=27) compared with the general population. We found support for the first hypothesis in that both general and violent crime rates were higher in stepfamilies, both in the general population and among perpetrators of child homicide. However, we found no support for the second hypothesis because of the 27 perpetrators in stepfamilies the perpetrator killed a genetically related child in 13 cases, a stepchild in 13 cases and both types of children in one case. Moreover, out of the 12 families where the perpetrator lived with both stepchildren and genetic children, there was no bias towards killing stepchildren. Thus, we found no evidence for an effect of non-genetic relatedness per se.
|
|
