| 1. |
- Hallengren, Anders, 1950-
(författare)
-
The code of Concord : Emerson's search for universal laws
- 1994. - 1
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this work is to detect a pattern: the concordance of Ethics and Aesthetics, Poetics and Politics in the most influential American thinker of the nineteenth century. It is an attempt to trace a basic concept of the Emersonian transcendentalist doctrine, its development, its philosophical meaning and practical implications. Emerson’s thought is analyzed genetically in search of the generating paradigm, or the set of axioms from which his aesthetic ideas as well as his political reasoning are derived. Such a basic structure, or point of convergence, is sought in the emergence of Emerson’s idea of universal laws that repeat themselves on all levels of reality.A general introduction is given in Part One, where the crisis in Emerson’s life is seen as representing and foreshadowing the deeper existential crisis of modern man.In Part 2 we follow the increasingly skeptical theologian’s turn to science, where he tries to secure a safe secular foundation for ethical good and right and to solve the problem of evil.Part 3 shows how Emerson’s conception of the laws of nature and ethics is applied in his political philosophy.In Part 4, Emerson’s ideas of the arts are seen as corresponding to his views of nature, morality, and individuality.Finally, in Part 5, the ancient and classical nature of Concord philosophy is brought into focus.The book concludes with a short summary.
|
|
| 2. |
-
Seeing Like a Smuggler: Borders from Below
- 2022
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The word smuggler often unleashes a simplified, negative image painted by the media and the authorities. Such state-centric perspectives hide many social, political and economic relations generated by smuggling. This book looks at the practice through the eyes of the smugglers, revealing how their work can be productive, subversive and deeply sociopolitical. By tracing the illegalised movement of people and goods across borders, Seeing Like a Smuggler shows smuggling as a contradiction within the nation-state system, and in a dialectical relation with the national order of things. It raises questions on how smuggling engages and unsettles the ethics, materialities, visualities, histories and the colonial power relations that form borders and bordering. Covering a wide spectrum of approaches from personal reflections and ethnographies to historical accounts, cultural analysis and visual essays, the book spans the globe from Colombia to Ethiopia, Singapore to Guatemala, Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, and from Kurdistan to Bangladesh, to show how people deal with global inequalities and the restrictions of poverty and immobility.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dahlin, Moa Kindstrom, et al.
(författare)
-
Mentally disordered criminal offenders : Legal and criminological perspectives
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 32:6, s. 377-382
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legal research in Sweden has traditionally focused on a systematization of the legal rules and their practical application, while the task of studying the effects of the application of the laws has been handed over to other branches of the social sciences. In contrast, new legal theories focusing on proactive and therapeutic dimensions in law have gained increasing attention in the international arena. These approaches may be better suited for evaluating legislation governing compulsory psychiatric care. Theoretical discussions and studies of causal mechanisms underlying criminal behaviour, as well as the implementation and value of instruments for predicting behaviour, are relevant to contemporary criminological research. Criminal behaviour varies across different groups of perpetrators, and the causes can be sought in the interplay between the individual and social factors. Multi-disciplinary efforts, integrating research from forensic psychiatry, psychology, sociology, and criminology, would be beneficial in leading to a better understanding of the causes underlying criminal behaviour.
|
|
| 4. |
- Waltman, Max
(författare)
-
Prohibiting Purchase of Sex in Sweden : Impact, Obstacles, Potential, and Supporting Escape
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes the core reasons for the Swedish law from 1999 which criminalizes purchase of sex and decriminalizes the prostituted person, passed as part of an omnibus bill against violence against women and recognizing prostitution as a form of it. Further, it documents the law’s impact by comparing data from several recent Swedish studies with the situation in other relevant countries, concluding the law has significantly reduced the occurrence of prostitution manifolds compared to its neighboring countries. Crucial obstacles to effective implementation are also addressed, particularly in current case law. Some of the critique against the law and disinformation about the law’s effects are also commented. Finally, to realize its full potential to support escape from prostitution more efficiently, it is argued that the civil rights of prostituted persons under current law should be strengthened to get damages paid for directly by the tricks/johns for the harm they have contributed to. An additional consideration is for individual states to extend the use of the Palermo Protocol (international law acknowledging connections between prostitution and sex trafficking) to charge tricks for trafficking when they “receive” persons who are effectively pimped.
|
|
| 5. |
- Waltman, Max, et al.
(författare)
-
Stärk prostituerade personers möjlighet att kräva skadestånd [Strenghten Prostituted Persons’ Possibilities to Demand Damages].
- 2011
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- GÖTEBORGS-POSTEN 10 Maj, 2011, Debatt I sexköpsmål betalar köparen i dag främst böter till staten och prostituerade personer kallas endast som vittnen. Möjligheten för prostituerade människor att yrka skadestånd finns, men har aldrig använts sen lagen kom till. Vi vill se en utredning som ser över hur deras förutsättningar för skadestånd kan förbättras, skriver bland andra Carina Hägg (S). Justitieutskottet publicerade nyligen sitt betänkande som föreslår ett skärpt straff för sexköp till riksdagen. Samtidigt skriver majoriteten att en målsägandeställning ”är inte i sig nödvändig för att kunna föra talan om skadestånd eller ens för att få denna talan handlagd,” men åklagaren är inte skyldig att föra talan för andra än målsäganden. Detta förtydligande av rättsläget vad gäller skadestånd är välkommet, men det tycks vara lika tydligt att personen som köps i prostitution är den mot vilken brottet sexköp är begånget. Om denna möjlighet att få skadestånd redan existerar reser det emellertid frågetecken varför ingen prostituerad person ännu har fått sådant skadestånd för att ha blivit köpt för sex. Inte en 14-årig psykiskt utvecklingsstörd flicka (HovR över Skåne & Blekinge mål B 2917-10 & B 3184-10), eller en vuxen som öppet tillstods vara maktlös av en Hovrätt vilken uttalade att sexköparna ”insett och utnyttjat” faktumet, vanligt i prostitution, att den prostituerade personen ”befunnit sig i ett sådant underläge mot de två männen att det måste ha framstått som i det närmaste omöjligt för henne att vägra den andre samlag eller i övrigt påverka situationen” (RH 2008:59). När nu de styrande således har förtydligat sexköpslagen i detta avseende kommer förhoppningsvis polis, åklagare, målsägandebiträden, domstolar, socialarbetare och andra aktörer hädanefter upplysa alla prostituerade personer om deras rättigheter till skadestånd. Icke desto mindre så verkar ytterligare utredning av skadestånd för sexköp vara på sin plats, vilket minoritetsmotionerna har föreslagit utöver deras stöd för regeringens proposition. Mycket är redan känt. En del köpare anser att betalning ger dem rätt att göra vad helst de vill med kvinnan de köper. Många misshandlas svårt av köpare. Bland 200 prostituerade kvinnor i San Francisco våldtogs 70% eller misshandlades på liknande sätt av köpare i genomsnitt 31 gånger. Bland 55 före detta prostituerade kvinnor i Portland, Oregon, blev 78% våldtagna 49 gånger per år (33 gånger av en torsk) och 84% utsattes för grov misshandel i genomsnitt 103 gånger per år (45 gånger av en torsk). Tjugoen procent bland 222 kvinnor som prostituerades i Chicago vilka studerades medgav uttryckligen att de hade våldtagits över 10 gånger i eskortprostitution, gatuprostitution, och när de prostituerats privat i sina hem. De flesta av förövarna var torskar. Två Kanadensiska federala utredningar fann att torskarna utövar mest sexuellt våld mot prostituerade personer (1984, s. 1026; 1985, s. 388). En prostituerad kvinna betrodd av Svea Hovrätt (mål B 4789-09, s. 6) när hon uppgav hur en hallick bestraffade henne genom att skicka henne till (med Södertörns Tingsrätts neutraliserande ord) ”hårdhänta”, ”arga” och de mest ”elaka” torskarna (mål B 13571-07, s. 12) fick likväl inga skadestånd från dessa köpare. Sammanhanget med skador på prostituerade människor i prostitution är obestridlig, vars gottgörelse skulle kunna både ge dem upprättelse och möjliggöra för dem att fatta verkliga val vad gäller deras liv. Maktobalansen i prostitution och följderna av hanteringen av prostituerade personer i sexindustrin visar sig i information om misshandel och ohälsa liksom, hos 68% av 827 respondenter i nio länder, posttraumatiska stressymptom (PTSD) jämförbara med den hos tortyroffer, veteraner från krigszoner, och våldtagna kvinnor. En nyare studie med 46 personer som bland annat prostituerats på bordeller och eskortfirmor i Sydkorea och en kontrollgrupp visade att PTSD var signifikant även när man kontrollerat för olika former av misshandel under barndomen. Resultatet stärker slutsatsen att prostitution i sig själv utsätter majoriteten prostituerade personer för lidande. Åttionio procent av människor i prostitution i nio länder som ställdes frågan ”vad behöver du mest” svarade att ta sig ur prostitution. Men de känner inte att de kan. Skadestånd och stöd skulle kunna göra detta möjligt. Kommer utskottsmajoritetens uppmaning till rättsväsendet att tillämpa gällande rätt och bedöma skadestånd att räcka till? Givet att dessa juridiska och sociala förhållanden har existerat, och med kännedom så existerat över det gångna decenniet efter att sexköpslagen antogs utan skadestånd eller stöd till en enda prostituerad person, så förtjänar frågan minst sagt ytterligare utredning. Minoriteten (s & v) uppmanar således, som ett tillägg till majoritetens förslag, att en departements- eller expertutredning rimligen tillsätts för att ytterligare utreda och återkomma till riksdagen med ett förslag som kommer skapa bättre förutsättningar än som existerar i dag för den prostituerade personen att få skadestånd. Källor Bet. 2010/11:JuU22 Choi, Klein, Shin, & Lee (2009). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Disorders of Extreme Stress (DESNOS) Symptoms Following Prostitution and Childhood Abuse. Violence Against Women 15 (8): 933-51. Committee on Sexual Offences Against Children and Youths (1984). Sexual Offences Against Children (Report) (Ottawa, Ont.). Farley, Cotton, Lynne, Zumbeck, Spiwak, Reyes, Alvarez, & Sezgin (2003). Prostitution and Trafficking in Nine Countries. I Farley red. Prostitution, Trafficking and Traumatic Stress (Haworth), 33-74. Farley, Macleod, Anderson, & Golding (2011). Attitudes and Social Characteristics of Men Who Buy Sex in Scotland. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 28 (Mars). Hunter (1993). Prostitution is Cruelty and Abuse to Women and Children. Michigan J. of Gender and Law 1:91-104 (inkl. Portland-studie). Mot. 2010/11:Ju10 (S) Mot. 2010/11:Ju11 (V) Raphael & Shapiro (2004). Violence in Indoor and Outdoor Prostitution Venues. Violence Against Women 10 (2): 126-139. Silbert & Pines (1981). Occupation Hazards of Street Prostitutes. Criminal Justice and Behavior 8 (4): 395-99. Special Committee on Pornography and Prostitution in Canada (1985). Pornography and Prostitution in Canada (Ottawa, Ont.).
|
|
| 6. |
- de Vries, Katja
(författare)
-
You never fake alone. Creative AI in action
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Information, Communication and Society. - : Routledge. - 1369-118X .- 1468-4462. ; 23:14, s. 2110-2127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Creative AI (notably GANs and VAEs) can generate convincing fakes of video footage, pictures, graphics, etc. In order to conceptualize the societal role of creative AI a new conceptual toolbox is needed. The paper provides metaphors and concepts for understanding the functioning of creative AI. It shows how the role of creative AI in relation to FAT ideals can be enriched by a dynamic and constructivist understanding of creative AI. The paper proposes to use Greimas’ actantial model as a heuristic in the operationalization of this type of understanding of creative AI.
|
|
| 7. |
- Jansson, Maria, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
The final cut (TM) : Directors, producers and the gender regime of the Swedish film industry
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 28:6, s. 2010-2025
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focusing on Sweden, this article departs from the proposition that film production and the film industry are governed by institutional arrangements that produce and reproduce gender and gender relations. The article is based on interviews with directors and producers and analyses how Swedish directors and producers describe their roles and relationship, relating this to how these roles are shaped by the law, film policy, and financial arrangements. The article argues that the Swedish film industry rests on a gendered division of labor, that the professions of director and producer are constructed in relation to masculinity, and that the gender equality measures undertaken are not sufficient to come to grips with the gender inequalities in the industry.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hallengren, Anders, 1950-
(författare)
-
Law, Liberation, and Human Rights : Emerson and the Radical Yankee Debt to English Lawyers
- 2006
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- After the Civil War, in 1866, Ralph Waldo Emerson received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from Harvard. Nearly thirty years after his address on the American Scholar, he appeared for the second time as the orator at Phi Beta Kappa, once again preaching his liberal ideals, praising and presenting the correspondence between the material and the spiritual, and the common centrality of the physical and the ethical worlds. But Emerson's philosophy of law had become intermingled with a jurisprudential idea of natural law and natural rights in his later conception of the “higher law”. Emerson could never forgive the diplomatic Unionist Daniel Webster, for having helped to pass the Fugitive Slave Law. The main fault with Senator Webster was, according to both Emerson and Theodore Parker, that he lacked faith in the “higher law”. Webster refuted that notion, which was reckoned as a good joke at some courts. In his argument against the Fugitive Slave Law in 1851, Emerson referred to the Higher Law and to the Bible, when he stated that immoral laws are void. His approach was explicitly juridical, however. The “great jurists, Cicero, Grotius, Coke, Blackstone, Burlamaqui, Vattel, Burke, Mackintosh, Jefferson, do all affirm this”, namely, that no human laws are of any validity, if they violate the law of Nature, among whose principles are, according to Blackstone, “that we should live on, should hurt nobody, and should render unto every one his due”. We are “bound to transgress” such a human law; or else we must offend “both the natural and the divine.” It is not only contrary to “the laws of God”. Natural laws of the human mind, and of human existence — laws of our existential and social nature — are violated.Hugo Grotius, and after him Samuel Pufendorf, developed a theory of international legislation based upon “natural law”. The rules of the human reason are, according to Grotius and Pufendorf, as immutable as the laws of the universe: they are but expressions of the same force. Their ideas paved the way for clearing the law concept from theology in an age when higher mathematics was developed and cosmic laws were discovered by Kepler and Newton. Not even to God it is granted to upset infinitesimal calculus. The new idea of “natural rights”, but also Deism and Determinism, would accordingly follow. Grotius, however, did not think that an equal certainty can be found in ethics and in mathematics. His successor Pufendorf did, and John Locke, the foremost spokesman of natural rights, preferred the latter. Emerson does not refer to Pufendorf or to Locke in his argument. But he does refer to Grotius. He is cited in the early lectures, even in the sermons. He hardly ever read him, however.From the good authority of his extant notebooks, Emerson's most important sources can be determined with certainty. From excerpts written late in 1850, we can see that he drew heavily for his statement from William Blackstone's influential Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765). Emerson used a New York edition, printed in 1843. He also used John Lord Campbell's recent The Lives of the Chief Justices of England (1849). Emerson's quotations from Blackstone in the Fugitive Slave Law Address, are from the Commentaries. In both works Emerson met with the standpoint taken by Edward Coke (1552-1634), who attracted Emerson as much as the views of Blackstone did. Of special importance to Emerson, was the event of November 10, 1608, when the judges and the Exchequer Barons in England accused — and tried — James I at Hampton Court. Emerson copies the King's words from Baron Campbell: “King James said to Coke C[hief] J[ustice:] ‘My lord, I always thought, & by my soul I have often heard the boast that your English law was founded upon reason. If that be so, why have not I & others reason, as well as judges?’” The King maintained his sovereignty. Why should he be under the law? Coke answered that God and Law are sovereign, that the law does command the King. Emerson knew Coke's reply to His Majesty, in Archbishop Bracton's words, by heart. It is still visible in the golden motto above the portal at Harvard Law School, marking the ideological abode of the doctor of laws. Coke replied: Quod Rex non debet esse sub homine, sed sub Deo et lege. Indeed, the divine right of kings died when Charles I was beheaded in 1649. The English jurists also inspired the revolt of the colonies against British rule, the reign of George III. In America, Law became King.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
