| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Radetzki, Marcus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Genes and Insurance. Ethical, Legal and Economic Issues
- 2003
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors of this study emphasize the effectiveness of collectively funded public insurances as opposed to genetic information regulation within the private insurance sector. Genetics has provided tools to determine individuals' risk of future disease, which is of key interest for insurance companies in determining insurance premiums; but persons with high enough risk may remain uninsured. For this reason, genetic information has been regulated. But, regulation may not be the solution, according to the authors, and they call for the resumption of social insurance, a key element of the welfare state.The results are examined here of two key social developments in recent years: the partial dismantling of the welfare state and the progress of genetics. Genetic insights are becoming increasingly valuable for risk assessment, and insurers would like to use these insights to help determine premiums. Combined with the fact that social welfare is being curtailed, this could potentially create an uninsured high-risk population. Along with considerations of autonomy and privacy, this forms the basis for an ethical critique of insurers’ access to information. There has often been regulation of such information, but the authors argue that because of adverse selection regulation will not solve these problems and may jeopardise the survival of private personal insurance. Instead, we should look towards the resurrection of social insurance, a key component of the welfare state. This book will interest academic researchers and professionals involved with genetics and insurance.
|
|
| 3. |
- Radetzki, Marcus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Private arrangements to cover large-scale liabilities caused by nuclear and other industrial catastrophes
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Geneva papers on risk and insurance. Issues and practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-5895 .- 1468-0440. ; 25:2, s. 180-195
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear and other industrial activities create rare likelihoods for very large catastrophes. Available insurance, intra-industry pooling of risk and the net worth of those who cause the risk, provide an inadequate coverage for compensation of third-party damage. In OECD countries, the top layer of damage compensation after such catastrophes is regularly transferred, explicitly or implicitly, to governments. This constitutes a subsidy of the risk-creating industries. For a variety of reasons, traditional insurers are unwilling to assume full liability for the potentially colossal damage of industrial catastrophes. Such risks could be offloaded to the immensely larger capital market through the issue of catastrophe bonds. This would obviate the need for public subsidy, and provide a means for market pricing of the risks, but considerable needs for public intervention would nevertheless remain.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Hellner, Jan, 1917-2002, et al.
(författare)
-
Skadeståndsrätt
- 2010. - 8
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tyngdpunkten ligger på reglerna om person- och sakskada. Boken behandlar utförligt de grundläggande förutsättningarna för skadeståndsansvar, principerna för beräkning av skadeståndet samt förekommande möjligheter till jämkning härav. Särskilda kapitel ägnas de skadetyper som är föremål för specialreglering, däribland trafikskador, arbetsskador, patientskador, produktskador och miljöskador. Boken är avsedd att nyttjas dels som lärobok vid universitet och högskola, dels som handbok för praktiskt verksamma jurister.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hellner, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Skadeståndsrätt
- 2023. - Tolfte
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 7. |
- Lundberg, Konrad, 1943-
(författare)
-
Avtalets innebörd : Inkorporering - tolkning - utfyllning
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What a contract means with regard to the mutual rights and duties of the parties to that contract, depends on what provisions the contract contains (incorporation), how these provisions should be construed (interpretation) and how issues not addressed in the contract should be governed (supplementation).Statutory provisions regarding incorporation, interpretation and supplementation exist, albeit to a limited extent. The approach of Swedish law to these issues is therefore largely based on the precedents set by the Supreme Court.The signing of the contract, in effect, decides its content. At present, standardized terms and conditions, or to be more exact, terms and conditions that have not been individually negotiated, can be incorporated into a contract in a simplified manner. These simplifications are justified by practical consideration of closing a deal more efficiently, and thereby reducing transaction costs. The incorporation of these terms and conditions therefore largely require only that the other party has been given a realistic opportunity to read them and does not object to them. Unexpected and burdensome terms, however, need to be clarified.Where the wording of the contract is ambiguous, and sometimes, even where the wording is clear from a linguistic perspective, the contract will need to be interpreted when a dispute arises. This interpretation follows a hierarchical order of preference. First, subjective interpretation is applied. If this cannot be done, then objective interpretation is used, and as a last resort, presumptions and the ambiguity rule will be applied.Subjective interpretation is based on the actual intent of the parties upon entering into the contract, either by proof either that they had the same opinion, or that the opinion of first party was clear to the second party, and the second party did not object (the dolus rule). Objective interpretation is based on what can typically be assumed to have been the intent of the parties, given that they are reasonable people. In summary, this can be described as a balancing of arguments that relate to the purely linguistic meaning, the purpose of the contract and the reasonability of the results. Nine times out of ten, the Supreme Court uses this approach to resolve problems in interpretation. In one or two of a hundred cases, objective interpretation results in two opposing interpretations that are both reasonable. In such cases, the contract is interpreted to the detriment of the party that is deemed to be most responsible for the ambiguity.If interpretation fails to reach a convincing result, the issue in dispute is then deemed not to be governed by the contract, and will instead be resolved by supplementation, which is most commonly, the application of dispositive (optional) law.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
