| 1. |
- Brännström, Malin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Samebyars avtalsrätt — en replik
- 2019
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Ingår i: Svensk juristtidning. - Uppsala : Föreningen för utgivande av Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; :2, s. 165-169
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I artikeln "Samebyars avtalsrätt" gör Eivind Torp bedömningen att den nuvarande rennäringslagen inte ger utrymme för att behandla renskötselrätten eller delar av rätten som ett civilrättsligt avtalsobjekt. Därför menar Torp att samebyarna saknar rättslig befogenhet att ingå avtal som innebär inskränkningar av renskötselrätten. Vi menar att Torp i sin analys av rättsläget bortser från den rättsutveckling som skett i tiden efter 1971 när den nuvarande rennäringslagen infördes. Dessutom är frågan om samebyarnas avtalsrätt mer komplex än vad den aktuella artikeln visar.
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| 2. |
- Allard, Christina, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Girjas Reindeer Herding Community v. Sweden : Analysing the Merits of the Girjas Case
- 2021
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Ingår i: Arctic Review on Law and Politics. - Oslo : Cappelen Damm AS. - 1891-6252 .- 2387-4562. ; 12, s. 56-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time in the Swedish Supreme Court, a small Sami reindeer herding community has won an important victory affirming the community’s small game hunting and fishing rights. Because of protracted use and the concept of immemorial prescription, the Court recognised the community’s exclusive hunting and fishing rights, including the right to lease these rights to others. Such leases have long been prohibited by legislation and the State has retained its powers to administer such leases. This case signifies a considerable development in the area of Sami law. In its decision, the Supreme Court made some adjustments to the age-old doctrine of immemorial prescription, and provided insights into how historic evidence should be evaluated when the claimant is an Indigenous people. A common motivator for these adjustments is an enhanced awareness of international standards protecting Indigenous peoples and minorities. Even ILO Convention No. 169 – the only legally binding convention concerning Indigenous rights, but which Sweden has not yet ratified – is relevant when it comes to evaluating Sami customary uses. The Court addressed the problem of gaps in the historical material and used evidence from other parts of Swedish Lapland and adjacent time-periods, making reasonable assumptions to fill in these gaps. The Court imposes on the State the burden of proof regarding the extinguishment of already established Sami rights, as well as proof that extinguishment by legislation or expropriation, is “clear and definitive”. These conditions were not met in this case.
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| 3. |
- Allard, Christina, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Girjas sameby mot staten: En analys av Girjasdomen
- 2020
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Ingår i: Svensk Juristtidning. - : Föreningen för utgivande av Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; :5, s. 429-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I januari 2020 avgjorde Högsta domstolen det s.k. Girjasmålet, där rätten att upplåta småviltsjakt och fiske i fjällområdena prövats. Stridigheter om huruvida det är staten eller samebyn som har rätt att göra sådana upplåtelser har pågått i decennier och har inte gått att lösa politiskt. I artikeln analyseras domen och vilka konsekvenser den får; domens längd och komplexitet motiverar en längre rättsfallsanalys. Det konstateras att domen klargör viktiga förhållanden såsom att samiska markrättigheter upparbetats genom urminnes hävd och att ILO:s konvention nr 169 om urfolks rättigheter i delar är bindande även om den inte har ratificerats. Domen innebär att en betydande rättsutveckling skett inom det samerättsliga området.
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| 4. |
- Brännström, Malin, 1973-
(författare)
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Court proceedings to evaluate the implementation of Sami land rights in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Retfærd. - : DJØF Forlag. - 0105-1121. ; :2, s. 32-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1981 the Swedish Supreme Court stated that Sami land rights are based on the longtime use of land and that these rights are to be regarded as property protected by the Swedish constitution. It is thereby elucidated within the Swedish legal framework that Sami land rights are private property rights. This was also confirmed through an amendment in the Reindeer Herding Act in 1993. However, Sami land rights are primarily interpreted and protected through other land use statutes. It has been concluded that Sami land rights have not been implemented properly in the Forestry Act, which regulates forestry management. nstead, reindeer herding is primarily regarded as a public interest that needs to be considered when logging is planned and executed. In the balancing with timber production as another public interest, reindeer herding is considered as less important and must yield. Consequently, severe damages are accepted on the grazing lands without the consent of the Sami or financial compensation being payed. It has been concluded that the regulation does not comply with the constitutional protection of property. Several public inquiries have proposed changes in the Forestry Act to better reflect Sami land rights. However, no amendments have been enacted, due to strong opposing interests. This political failure to implement Sami land rights will most likely result in juridical proceedings where Sami argue that Sami land rights are not protected in compliance with constitutional requirements. The article discusses legal aspects that should be considered when courts evaluates the implementation of Sami land rights.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Brännström, Malin, 1973-
(författare)
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Lagstiftning försvårar konflikt
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biodiverse. - Uppsala : Centrum för biologisk mångfald. - 1401-5064. ; 22:3, s. 8-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det pågår en intensiv diskussion om hur skogsbruket bör bedrivas, som visar att det finns tydliga motsättningar mellan intressegrupper och rättighetshavare. Dessa motsättningar syns tydligt i konflikterna mellan renskötare och skogsägare, och de grundar sig i brister i dagens skogsvårdslagstiftning. En genomlysning av skogsvårdslagen behövs för att komma till rätta med problemen.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Brännström, Malin, 1973-
(författare)
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Samiska markrättigheter i förändring? : Hovrättens dom i Girjas-målet väcker frågor om innebörden av rättigheter till fast egendom
- 2018
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Ingår i: Juridisk Publikation. - Stockholm : Juridisk Publikation. - 2000-2920 .- 2002-3537. ; :1, s. 25-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I januari 2018 meddelade Hovrätten för Övre Norrland dom i det så kallade Girjas-målet. Tvisten gäller frågan om Girjas sameby eller staten innehar jakt- och fiskerättigheterna inom samebyns marker ovan odlingsgränsen och vem som därmed har rätt att bestämma över de upplåtelser som görs till andra. Vid en första anblick tycks målet främst gälla förhållandena i Norrland och dess intressegrupper. Tvisten berör dock flera rättsliga frågeställningar som är av intresse även ur ett mer övergripande juridiskt perspektiv. I artikeln beskrivs den historiska bakgrunden till tvisten och domstolarnas bedömningar i målet. Därefter behandlas ett antal rättsliga frågeställningar om markrättigheters innebörd som aktualiseras genom hovrättens dom. Det konstateras att det är nödvändigt att ytterligare klargöra vissa rättsfrågor, vilket gör att förutsättningarna för prövningstillstånd hos Högsta domstolen bör vara goda.
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| 9. |
- Brännström, Malin, 1973-
(författare)
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Skogsbruk och renskötsel på samma mark : En rättsvetenskaplig studie av äganderätten och renskötselrätten
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the northern parts of Sweden forestry and Sami reindeer herding are exercised on the same land and there is an ongoing land use dispute between the land users. Land ownership and reindeer herding rights, based on immemorial prescription and customary law, are parallel property rights to the same land. Studies have concluded that the legal framework does not sufficiently reflect the property rights perspective of the land use conflict. This study examines the legal framework that regulates the relationship between forestry and reindeer herding from a property rights perspective. Starting points of the study are basic aspects of property rights, such as the right to use, decide on and benefit economically from property and the legal protection required in relation to others. Comparisons are made with the legal frameworks that regulate other relationships within real estate law, including e.g. neighbors, easements, joint facilities and utility easement.The study concludes that the relationship between land ownership and reindeer herding rights can be understood only against the background of historical events such as colonization and demarcation. The rights are more independent of each other than other legal relations and can be compared to a double ownership. It is further concluded that the Forestry Act is based on the assumption that reindeer herding is primarily a public interest that needs protection. Land owners have a far-reaching right to use forests that causes damages to reindeer pasture lands that is not in accordance with the legal nature of the reindeer herding right. Further, central elements usually used to regulate property rights relations are missing, e.g. mutual consideration, damages and judicial review.The study also examines if the legal framework is in accordance with the constitutional protection of property in Chapter 2 Section 15 of the constitutional Instrument of Government and Article 1 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights. It is concluded that the legal framework has several deficiencies in this respect. Elements are discussed that can be implemented in law to appropriately reflect the property rights studied.
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| 10. |
- Brännström, Malin, 1973-
(författare)
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The enhanced role of archaeological and historical research in court proceedings about Saami land rights
- 2020
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Ingår i: Monographs of the Archaeological Society of Finland. - Helsingfors. - 1799-862X .- 1799-8611. ; 9, s. 177-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within Swedish law, Saami land rights have been highly controversial since early in the 20th century. In case law, Saami land rights have been placed in the historical context, since it has been established that they are based on long-standing land use. This conclusion puts historical use of land at the very center of any judicial assessment. Herein, two lawsuits about Saami land rights, in which archeology has been used to validate pre-historic and historic land use are compared: the Härjedalen Case, initiated in 1991 and relating to winter grazing rights, and the Girjas Case about hunting and fishing rights. This article describes how archaeological and historical material has been interpreted within the lawsuits and analyzes the impact on the legal assessments. The comparison illustrates how it can be problematic to use archaeological arguments in court proceedings. Nevertheless, it is concluded that archaeology, as part of wider interdisciplinary research, may contribute with knowledge about past land use, thus allowing the understanding of Saami land rights to evolve. Furthermore, how researchers within archeologyand other disciplines could respond to the fact that the results of their work might be used outside academia and within the very different environment of judicial proceedings is discussed.
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