| 1. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing Plant Health Regulations with Focus on Invasive Forest Pests and Pathogens : Examples from Swedish Forest Nurseries
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Human Dimensions of Forest and Tree Health. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319769554 - 9783319769561 ; , s. 193-210
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International trade and climate change have increased the movement potential for invasive alien species (IAS), including invasive pests and pathogens (IPPs), to the point where biological invasions are considered one of the major threats to biodiversity. However, practical implementation of plant health with regard to IAS and IPPs is difficult: regulative responsibilities are commonly spread across different authorities, and resources on the ground are often limited. Based on a legislative and literature review and semi-structured qualitative interviews (N = 7), the present study examines the possibilities and potential risks of monitoring and detection of forest invasive species in Sweden, with a particular focus on forest plant nurseries. The study thus adds practical implementation aspects concerning possibilities to limit the spread of invasive species in the plant trade.
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| 2. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-
(författare)
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Open Access and Sensitive Social Sciences Data in Different Legislative Contexts : The Case of Strategic Selection “Elite” Interviewing in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open access has moved from the periphery to the mainstream in the last few years, and most recently there have been calls to make research data “accessible, useable and reusable”. While there are many good arguments for this development, including that it makes the research process more transparent and enables others to re-use the data collected, it also has negative implications for social science research in certain contexts. The case addressed here is “elite” interviewing in the context of conducting research in Sweden. In this case there is already a strong legislative focus on openness with implications for research ethics. This suggests that open data access implementation, particularly in the context of specific legislative frameworks, needs to be reviewed to ascertain ethically correct interviewee and research subject protection in the social sciences.
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| 3. |
- Futter, Martyn, et al.
(författare)
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Forests, Forestry and the Water Framework Directive in Sweden : A Trans-Disciplinary Commentary
- 2011
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907 .- 1999-4907. ; 2:1, s. 261-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is an ambitious piece of legislation designed to protect and improve water quality throughout Europe. However, forests are only mentioned once in the WFD, and forestry is not mentioned at all, despite its potential implications for streams, rivers and lakes. Here we present a transdisciplinary commentary on the WFD and its implications for forests and forestry in Sweden. This commentary has been prepared by forestry stakeholders, biophysical and social scientists. While we were cognizant of a large body of discipline-specific research, there are very few inter-or trans-disciplinary commentaries which link academic and stakeholder perspectives on the WFD. We had originally felt that there would be little commonality in our concerns. However, we found significant areas of agreement. Our key areas of concern about the implications of the WFD for forestry in Sweden included: (i) concerns about what is meant by good ecological status and how it is assessed; (ii) a perceived lack of clarity in the legal framework; (iii) an inadequate environmental impact assessment process; and (iv) uncertainties about appropriate programs of measures for improving water quality. We were also concerned that ecosystem services provided by forests and the positive effects of forestry on water quality are inadequately recognized in the WFD.
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| 4. |
- Holmes, Thomas P., et al.
(författare)
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Fundamental Economic Irreversibilities Influence Policies for Enhancing International Forest Phytosanitary Security
- 2017
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Ingår i: Current Forestry Reports. - Cham : Springer. - 2198-6436. ; 3:3, s. 244-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- National and international efforts to manage forest biosecurity create tension between opposing sources of ecological and economic irreversibility. Phytosanitary policies designed to protect national borders from biological invasions incur sunk costs deriving from economic and political irreversibilities that incentivizes wait-and-see decision-making. However, the potential for irreversible ecological and economic damages resulting from failed phytosanitary policies argues for precautionary measures, creating sunk benefits while increasing the risk of over-investment in phytosanitary security. Here, we describe the inherent tension between these sources of irreversibility in economic terms, relate these forces to type I and type II errors, and use this framework to review national and international efforts to protect forests from biological invasions. Available historical evidence suggests that wait-and-see phytosanitary decision-making has dominated the adoption of precautionary measures in most regions and that willingness to under-regulate may sometimes be orders of magnitude greater than willingness to over-regulate. Reducing scientific uncertainty about threats to biosecurity may help mitigate the tendency to under-regulate, and phytosanitary security measures with relatively modest sunk costs could help protect forests as scientific learning advances. A fuller accounting of the costs associated with type II errors, particularly regarding the suite of non-market ecosystem services at risk, would help decision-makers better understand the trade-offs between the sunk costs of policies and long-term economic losses to stakeholders.
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| 5. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., et al.
(författare)
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Agenda-setting and framing of policy solutions for forest pests in Canada and Sweden : Avoiding beetle outbreaks?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 65, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extreme events such as pest outbreaks is one of the issues that may become more pronounced with climate change, placing potentially unprecedented requirements on policy systems to manage and develop responses to these, including potential changes in legislation. This study reviews the way in agenda-setting and framing of policy solutions was developed for the issue of bark beetle pest outbreaks following major outbreaks in Sweden and Canada. The study concludes that the larger events in Canada have resulted in a longer policy window, with a higher focus on developing responses on multiple levels, while the issue in Sweden has led to more specialized response, with the policy window closing after instrumental revisions of legislation. While such responses may be appropriate at the present, they place into consideration development of responses to potentially larger events in the context of climate change. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 6. |
- Keskitalo, E Carina H, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Can adaptation to climate change at all be mainstreamed in complex multi-level governance systems? : A case study of forest-relevant policies at the EU and Swedish levels
- 2016
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Ingår i: Implementing climate change adaptation in cities and communities. - Basel : Springer. - 9783319285917 - 9783319285894 ; , s. 53-74
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mainstreaming adaptation to climate change in forest-relevant policy can be as a "most difficult" case, relevant for asking the question to extent to which adaptation can at all be mainstreamed in complex multi-level governance systems. This study examines the case of to what extent EU and national (exemplified by Swedish) legal and policy frameworks are able to integrate with each other in ways that may support climate change adaptation in forests. To move as close to the real life situation of mainstreaming challenges as possible, the study focuses on not only one area of mainstreaming or integration, but on the three broad policy areas: (a) adaptation per se; (b) forest biodiversity and habitat protection with respect to invasive species; and (c) water protection in relation to forest use. The study concludes that conflicts between international legal principles such as precaution and free trade, as well as distribution of competences at EU and national level, results in a great discrepancy in terms of opportunities for a nation to effectively act independently as well as for effectively integrating adaptation aims in the connected EU-national systems.
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| 7. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., et al.
(författare)
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Implementing multi-level governance? : the legal basis and implementation of the EU water framework directive for forestry in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Policy and Governance. - Malden : Wiley. - 1756-932X .- 1756-9338. ; 22:2, s. 90-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Commission Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to achieve ‘good status’ for all waters by 2015. This study reviews implementation mechanisms with regard to forestry in Sweden, a country with a large proportion of forest land, where forest practices will be important for limiting nutrient and particle runoff that impact the water status. Taking a multi-level governance perspective, this study reviews the legislative requirements at the EU level, legal and policy implementation at the Swedish level and, finally, local implementation in the forest industry. The study illustrates the national specific interpretation of the WFD as well as the way in which existing practices and measures influence WFD implementation. These include for example the Swedish practice to integrate environmental values in forestry via ‘considerations’, supported also by the use of forest certification measures (a voluntary private sector initiative through which environmental consideration is controlled by third-party auditors). The study thereby exemplifies the large role of private and overlapping authorities and jurisdictions in Swedish forest-water governance.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Mackay, Heather, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Getting invasive species on the political agenda : agenda setting and policy formulation in the case of ash dieback in the UK
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biological Invasions. - : Springer. - 1387-3547 .- 1573-1464. ; 19:7, s. 1953-1970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reviews how the issue of ash dieback has been placed on the political agenda in the UK, a country where the disease has affected one of the largest national extents, thus representing a particularly severe case. Comparisons are made between how the scientific community framed the ash dieback threat and the resulting response strategy and how both the media and the British government framed the problem. Representing one example of media framing, the study analyses one British newspaper’s coverage of the disease and the response strategies (the Daily Telegraph). The analysis highlights a gap between the biologically rooted perspective and the perspective of policymakers, where policy must manoeuvre between disparate viewpoints and needs. Crucially, none of Pautasso et al.’s (Biol Conserv 158:37–49, 2013) five plant-science-based solutions were explicitly adopted by the British Government in their response strategy to ash dieback disease. The same is true of the biological control recommendations offered by Kirisits et al. (J Agric Ext Rural Dev 4(9):230–235, 2012). Instead, the government adopted a broader, more comprehensive approach than that recommended by plant scientists. The present analysis thus provides an example of a holistic perspective on the multiple competing factors that policymakers must navigate in their attempts to delineate action. It highlights instances in which proposed biological responses were rendered less applicable by a failure to understand the agenda-setting process and the policy-making arena. The present findings suggest that an improved understanding of the factors influencing agenda setting and policy action is essential to arriving at a more effective and integrated understanding of responses to biological threats.
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