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- Stoll, Jane, 1960-
(författare)
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Swedish donor offspring and their legal right to information
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All donor offspring conceived under the Swedish Genetic Integrity Act or the now-repealed Act on Insemination, from gametes donated after 1 March 1985, have the right to obtain identifying information about the donor when they are sufficiently mature. Despite this, studies undertaken in Sweden and abroad reveal that many donor offspring will never be able to exercise their right to information because their parents do not tell them how they were conceived. This study examines the regulatory framework established to facilitate access to identifying information for donor offspring in Sweden; the main objective being to determine whether or not the right to information is an effective legal right. In addition to giving an account of the source and scope of the right under Swedish law, Sweden´s possible obligations to donor offspring under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the European Convention on Human Rights are explored. A number of measures that could promote the right to information are also considered.
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| 4. |
- Burmeister, Jari
(författare)
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Verklig innebörd : En studie av inkomstskattepraxis
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When transactions are complicated or are carried out for the purposes of tax planning, the need to determine whether they have been correctly characterised may arise in some situations. The general position is that however transactions have been classified, taxation should be based on their “true import”.One overall conclusion is that in addition to classification in accordance with the norms of private law, the true import of transactions may also be determined in accordance with specific tax law provisions or normative tax law principles. The support for a tax charge varies depending on the norm type, as do the methods of interpretation. The thesis presents the methodological principles on which determination of true import should be based. It has proved essential to examine possible lex lata conclusions regarding the scope of the different norm types, particularly bearing in mind rule of law considerations.The material examined largely comprises income tax case law on taxation based on the true import of transactions. Much of the work has consisted of systemising this case law. Analyses are made and conclusions drawn as to how the Supreme Administrative Court determines the true import of transactions in general, and in particular as regards “composite” chains of transactions.The methodological principles on which determination of true import should be based and the conclusions as to how the Supreme Administrative Court determines the true import of transactions are applied to a specifically selected chain of events.In addition, an examination is made and conclusions drawn as to whether there is support for a substance-over-form approach in Swedish tax law, or whether private law sets the precedent for tax law, whether the taxpayer’s desire to achieve tax advantages should be taken into account, the importance of the economic effect when determining the true import of transactions, and whether assessments can be made both to the advantage of taxpayers and to their detriment.
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- Epstein, Yaffa
(författare)
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Governing Ecologies : Species Protection in Overlapping and Contiguous Legal Regimes
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Directive on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive) aims to protect biodiversity in the European Union. It does so within a complex ecology of legal regimes for environmental protection at the international, EU, national, and regional levels. As the EU has continued to expand its competence, and the role of EU law for environmental protection continues to develop within the member states, it is important to examine the effect that EU law is having on biodiversity horizontally between states for the protection of transboundary populations, and the effect it has vertically as it interacts with international and national law.This collection is a licentiate thesis consisting of four articles addressing the challenge of protecting species populations across legal jurisdictions. Its central aim is to examine how interactions and shifting centers of authority between different legal species protection regimes impact species protection. These legal systems may be contiguous, such as in the case of neighboring countries, or overlapping, such as in the case of EU and national law. Four sub-questions develop the analysis, each the central investigation of an article. The first article asks how EU law, and international law, affects the protection of transboundary populations of protected species in Sweden, Finland, and Norway. The second narrows in on a single concrete example in a member state, analyzing how EU law has affected the evolution of species protection in Sweden. The third lifts the analysis out of the Nordic context to examine more closely how the cooperation and tension between international and EU species protection law help or hinder the policy objectives of both. The fourth widens the scope further still, using a comparison with species protection in the United States to query how the division of responsibility for species protection between the federal or union level and the state or member state level affects protection.Human laws manage the natural world, as best they can. But the resultant tangle of overlapping jurisdictions of laws and rules and management strategies becomes its own ecology to be explored, mapped and ordered. The title, “Governing Ecologies”, refers to this investigation of the governing of ecology and the ecology of governing.
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- Forshamn, Henrik, 1968-
(författare)
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Tänka fritt är stort men tänka rätt är större Prolog : En självkritisk studie av juridisk metod i mötet med i tid och rum främmande juridik, med avseende på den rätta och den fria tankens vetenskapliga förutsättningar
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna avhandling utgör ett rättsvetenskapligt bidrag till historievetenskapens källkritik. Det handlar om att sätta fokus på vad som händer med förståelsen av det förflutna, när historieskrivningen hamnar i händerna på juristen och dennes juridiska metod, med andra ord, när en av dessa självskolade historiker, juristen, lämnar en avgränsad juridik för att ta sig an en i tiden, eller rummet, främmande juridik, som juristen rent faktiskt inte har studerat, i egenskap av just i tiden, och rummet, främmande, och, som man har anledning att misstänka, läses med ögon, inskolade i en av tid och rum avgränsad, och därmed betingad, juridik. Därmed aktualiseras ett juridiskt korrekt förvridningsmoment, vilket på ett principiellt plan måste ske utan hänsyn till den berörda ickejuridiska kunskapsarten, exempelvis historievetenskapen. En sådan historieskrivning väcker självklara frågor om tendens, men inte hos källan, utan hos juristen, i egenskap av självskolad historiker. När den skolade historikern därför har att förhålla sig källkritiskt till den historiskt självskolade historikerns juridiska historieskrivning, saknar han ofta källkritiskt språk för detta. Avhandlingen föreslår bruket av ordet självkritik, för att sätta namn på tendenskritiken av den oskolade och självutnämnde historikern. Det är i detta avseende, som avhandlingen utgör ett bidrag till historievetenskapens källkritik. Det rättsvetenskapliga bidraget till historievetenskapens källkritik förmedlar även en förståelse av relationen mellan juridisk och humanistisk kunskap. Den fråga som avhandlingen har måst ställa sig är, i vad mån rättshistoria kan sägas utgöra en enhetlig disciplin, givet de instanser som de facto företräds av dagens rättshistoriker. Den skillnad som utåt sett anmäler sig mellan historikerns och juristens rättshistoria måste därmed granskas, för att utröna i vad mån, om alls, det föreligger förutsättningar för ett meningsfullt vetenskapligt samtal dem emellan. Avhandlingen föreslår att juridisk och historisk rättshistoria, utåt sett sammanförda inom ämnet rättshistoria, utgår från skilda vetenskapssyner, metoder och källkritiker, varför de bör betraktas som skilda kunskapsarter samt utgåendes skilda vetenskapliga grunder.
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| 7. |
- Juma-Nyabinda, Richard, 1951-
(författare)
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The requirement democratic elections in international law
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this study is to examine the legal status of the requirement of democratic elections in international law. The starting point of this legal analysis is article 38 (1) of the International Court of Justice, which provides the list of classical sources for the process of law making within the international legal system. In this article, international conventions, international custom and general principles of law are listed as the primary sources of making rules of international law, while writings of learned publicists are listed as the subsidiary sources. My thesis is that if the analysis undertaken in this study reveals that the requirement of democratic elections is recognised by any of the primary sources, then it is part of the binding body of international law. However, from methodological point of view other sources beyond those listed in Article 38(1) e.g. resolutions of international organisations have been included in the analysis of international law making in this study. In order to determine the legal status of the requirement of democratic elections, an analysis is undertaken on global as well as regional human rights treaties within the international human rights system, if any, which recognise the requirement of democratic elections. Other sources e.g. the writings of learned publicists, judicial decisions, declaratory pronouncements at both the universal and regional levels as well as State constitutions are also analysed with a view to expose whether they embody the requirements of democratic elections. Finally, an extensive study of contemporary state practices, which might confirm if there is a trend of international law developing in pro-democratic directions, is also undertaken. Such a trend lends support to the requirement of democratic elections being part of customary international law. The examples of such practices analysed include the international community efforts in the monitoring and supervision of elections and recognition of states and governments. The author reaches a legally appropriate conclusion concerning the legal status of the requirement of democratic elections in international law based upon the results of the above analysis.
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