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- Lind, Anna-Sara, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing 250 years of transparency
- 2017
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Ingår i: Transparency in the future. - : Ragulka förlag. - 9789185333752 ; , s. 9-17
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Ruotsi, Mikael, 1978-
(författare)
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Svensk yttrandefrihet och internationell rätt : Den grundlagsskyddade tryck- och yttrandefriheten och dess relation till Europakonventionen, EU-rätten och FN:s konvention om medborgerliga och politiska rättigheter
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Swedish constitutional law freedom of expression is protected by three discrete constitutional acts; the Instrument of Government (IG), the Freedom of the Press Act (FPA) and the Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (FLFE). The IG grants protection to freedom of expression on similar terms as article 10 of the ECHR, article 19 of the ICCPR and article 11 of the EU Charter. The FPA and the FLFE, on the other hand, are primarily concerned with protection of media speech and provide protection for expression which is disseminated via certain media formats (e.g. printed materials and tv and radio transmissions). The FPA and the FLFE are frequently amended to accommodate technical progress and the increasing internationalisation of Swedish internal law.The FPA and the FLFE are generally considered to provide more robust free speech protection, in comparison to what is required under international human rights standards. However, these assumptions lack solid factual support. One aim of this thesis is to explore how freedom of expression is protected under the ECHR, EU law and the ICCPR in the following areas, where the protection of the FPA and the FLFE is considered to be particularly far-reaching; censorship and prior restraints, editorial freedom, protection of journalistic sources, the right to acquire information, and the right of public employees to impart information to the media.Furthermore, this thesis aims to analyse to what extent the application and interpretation of the Swedish constitutional laws can, and ought to, be influenced by Sweden’s international obligations to protect freedom of expression – in particular under the ECHR, EU law and the ICCPR. In part, these questions are related to the Swedish dualist approach towards international law. However, the thesis is not limited to an analysis of traditional doctrines such as direct effect and consistent interpretation. It provides an in-depth exploration of the profound effects that, primarily, the ECHR and EU law have had on how individual rights are conceived of and are applied in Swedish law. One of the main arguments in this thesis is that the Swedish constitutional protection of freedom of expression ought to embrace a more coherent perception of how the right’s scope and limits are structured and interpreted.
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- Winther, Pontus, 1971-
(författare)
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International Humanitarian Law and Influence Operations : The Protection of Civilians from Unlawful Communication Influence Activities during Armed Conflict
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contemporary armed conflicts are not only fought with physical means and methods. Increasingly, in order to achieve military and political objectives, parties to armed conflicts use communication activities to influence individuals. Armed groups such as ISIS use online propaganda to instil terror and recruit new fighters to their cause. In Syria and other conflict zones, medical personnel, aid workers and journalists are subjected to verbal threats and other types of intimidation. In the conflict in Eastern Ukraine, politicians are publicly discredited by having their pictures displayed on electronic billboards and being labelled as war criminals, while civilians are misled by false messages into assisting the opposing party with identifying targets for artillery fire.At the same time, communication is also used to increase the security for civilians in armed conflict. For example, parties to armed conflicts have an obligation to issue warnings before launching attacks on military objectives that may affect the civilian population. Thus, although communication activities can be used to increase security for civilians in armed conflict, they may also cause physical and mental harm to civilians.This prompts a question of law: Where does the boundary lie between prohibited and lawful use of communication activities as a means of influencing civilians in armed conflict? The purpose of this thesis is to answer this question. It sets out to examine what protection international humanitarian law provides civilians in armed conflict in relation to communication influence activities.In the thesis, it is suggested that international humanitarian law contains a substantial—albeit fragmented—body of principles and provisions protecting civilians from harmful communication influence activities. It is further suggested that, in order to correctly define this protection, the material, personal, geographical and temporal scope of application of international humanitarian law must be properly taken into consideration.
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