| 1. |
- Assum, Terje
(författare)
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Reduction of BAC limit from 0.05 to 0.02 percent in Norway : effects on driver knowledge and behavior. Some preliminary results
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the conference Traffic Safety on Three Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 504-514
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is a well established fact that the consumption of alcohol before driving a motor vehicle increases the accident risk. However, the importance of rather low blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) for accident risk is still under discussion. Norwegian studies find that drivers involved in fatal, alcohol-related accidents have on the average rather high BACs, above 0.1%. Some claim that "impairment occurs in most areas at the lowest BAC that can be reliably chemically determined". The question is thus: what effect will a reduction of the legal BAC limit from 0.05% to 0.02% have?
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| 2. |
- Chen, Erdong, et al.
(författare)
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Programming Police Enforcement in Highway Work Zones
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Police enforcement is sometimes used by U.S. transportation agencies for safety improvement in work zones. The important question that must be answered by those responsible for programming police enforcement in work zones is: where, when and how to enforce? This paper presents a research conducted by the Purdue Center for Road Safety (CRS) for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) aimed to develop a tool for selecting work zones, periods of enforcement, and enforcement strategies that maximize the safety benefit within the available budget. This research included modeling of the crash frequency in work zones to better understand work zone safety factors and evaluating several police enforcement strategies through a carefully designed police enforcement experiment in selected work zones. The study has confirmed several findings of the previous studies and it has provided new results such as finding that Variable Message Sign units are highly effective in reducing drivers’ speed inside work zones. The practical outcome of this effort described in this paper is the Work Zone Police Enforcement Programming Tool (PEPT) used by INDOT to program cost-effective police enforcement activities.
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| 3. |
- Jia, Keqin, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing alcohol-related driving on china’s roads : Traffic police officers’ perceptions and practice
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A national law was introduced in China in 2011 to criminalize drunk driving, and impose serious penalties including jail for driving with a blood alcohol level of above 80mg/100ml. This pilot study, undertaken a year after introduction of the law, sought traffic police officers’ perceptions of drink driving and the practice of breath alcohol testing (BAT) in a large city in Guangdong Province, southern China. A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews were used to gain an in-depth understanding of issues relevant to alcohol-related driving. Fifty-five traffic police officers were recruited for the survey and six traffic police officers with a variety of working experience including roadside alcohol breath testing, traffic crash investigation and police resourcing were interviewed individually. The officers were recruited by the first author with the assistance of the staff from Guangdong Institute of Public Health, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Interview participants reported three primary reasons why people drink and drive:being prepared to take the chance of not being apprehended by policethe strong traditional Chinese drinking cultureinsufficient public awareness about the harmfulness of drink drivingProblems associated with the process of breath alcohol testing (BAT) were described and fit broadly into two categories: resourcing and avoiding detection. It was reported that there were insufficient traffic police officers to conduct routine traffic policing, including alcohol testing. Police BAT equipment was considered sufficient for routine traffic situations but not highway traffic operations. Local media and posters are used by the Public Security Bureau which is responsible for education about safe driving but participants thought that the education campaigns are limited in scope. Participants also described detection avoidance strategies used by drivers including: changing route; ignoring a police instruction to stop; staying inside the vehicle with windows and doors locked to avoid being tested; intentionally not performing breath tests correctly; and arguing with officers.
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| 4. |
- Kircher, Katja, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Why Sweden should not do as everybody else does
- 2013
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS of the 3rd International Conference on Driver Distraction and Inattention, September 4-6, 2013, Gothenburg, Sweden. - Göteborg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden is the only country in Europe that does not outlaw handheld phone use while driving. This puts some political pressure on Sweden. The Swedish Government commissioned VTI to conduct a literature review on the effects of mobile communication on driving performance, on the legal situation in other countries, and whether there were any documented effects of a legislation. The literature showed that mobile communication does influence driving behaviour, but there appears to be no increased crash risk in real traffic.Also, laws do not have a lasting effect on how much drivers use their telephones. Therefore, the Swedish Government commissioned VTI to suggest countermeasures against the dangerous use of communication devices. Several countermeasures were presented, ranging from technical solutions over monetary incentives to education and information. It was stressed that no single countermeasure was expected to be satisfactory in itself, and that it is paramount to work with a human centred perspective. While the government proposed in December 2012 not to outlaw handheld phone use, the united political opposition, via its majority in the parliament, mandated the government in March 2013 to pass such a law. Besides that, the government proposed amendments to the current regulations for quick action.
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| 5. |
- Koushki, PA
(författare)
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The diminishing effectiveness of speed-monitoring cameras : the case of no enforcement
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Conference Road Safety on Three Continents in Pretoria, South Africa, 20-22 September 2000. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 163-179
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The problem of deteriorating road safety - marked by growing speed limitviolations and increasing number of road accidents - was the reason for theinstallation of speed-monitoring radar cameras at a number of strategicroadway locations in Kuwait in 1995. During the first months following theinstallation drivers' observation and respect for speed limits, especially inthe vicinity of the radar cameras were obvious. Mean traffic speeds at thesesites were significantly below those measured before the installation. Due tolack of enforcement of the speed violators, drivers' respect for the radarcameras has gradually diminished during subsequent years. Recent measurementsindicate that driver' respect for the speed limits have decreased even atcamera sites. Statistical tests confirm the measurements. Increasedenforcement of speed limits in the vicinity of the radar cameras is stronglyrecommended.
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| 6. |
- Vanlaar, Ward
(författare)
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Alcohol, illegal drugs and driving in Belgium : Using a decision tree as a tool for an efficient police enforcement strategy
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the conference Traffic Safety on Three Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 485-496
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article the author wants to indicate how police officers should divide their time between two legal instruments: on the one hand, the law that prohibits drink driving (law of 18 July 1990) and on the other hand, the new law prohibiting driving under the influence of certain well-defined illegal drugs (law of 16 March 1999). The authors base this time allocation on the assumption that police forces have limited resources. If drink driving exerts a different influence on road safety than driving under the influence of illegal drugs, then a well-founded complementary system must be developed for implementing the two laws. For this reason, the authors have created a theoretical framework as the core of a decision tree. The framework is based on a literature survey of three major concepts regarding drink driving and driving under the influence of illegal drugs (extent of the two phenomena, accident risk and accident consequences) and a thorough evaluation of the two laws in question. The decision tree is a tool that helps to translate theoretical implications into a real-world, efficient police enforcement strategy. In short, their decision tree favors a differential approach to drink driving and driving under the influence of illegal drugs, as the literature survey reveals that there are significant differences between the problem of drink driving and the problem of driving under the influence of illegal drugs.
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| 7. |
- Wijers, Philip J.
(författare)
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Automated Enforcement : Get it Right, Make it Safe
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus lies on recommendations for policy makers in connection with the “enforcement chain” concept. In particular with automated enforcement (e.g. speed and red light cameras) this chain concept is crucial: if one link is not effective or efficient, enforcement is compromised and road safety is negatively affected. The automated enforcement chain consists of a dozen links from detection and measurement to fine collection and/or court proceedings. It also includes basic issues such as vehicle registration and readability of license plates. Many counties struggle to get the wide range of multi-disciplinary aspects of the enforcement chain right and are thus not able to optimise their enforcement and improve road safety.Key bottlenecks in the automated enforcement chain can be found e.g. whenthe legal and operational framework and its capacity are not in place for dealing with automated traffic enforcement and the resulting huge volumes of traffic violationsthe license plate/vehicle owner and/or driving license administration are not in orderinadequate requirements for the legal integrity of evidence and equipment homologationticket processing, issuance and fine collection are ineffective and inefficientauthorities argue over ticket revenue and funding of road safety investments e.g. enforcement equipmentpolitical and administrative support for automated traffic enforcement are waveringpublic support suffers because the background, results and road safety benefits of enforcement are not properly communicated through various media.
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